Khamaj
Khamaj (IAST: Khamāj) is a Hindustani classical Music raga within the Khamaj thaat which is named after it.
 | |
| Thaat | Khamaj |
|---|---|
| Type | Shadava-sampurna |
| Time of day | Late night, 9–12[1] |
| Arohana | S G M P D N Ṡ |
| Avarohana | Ṡ Ṉ D P M G R S |
| Pakad | Ṉ D M P D M G[2] |
| Vadi | G |
| Samavadi | N |
| Synonym |
|
| Equivalent | |
| Similar | Desh, Khambavati[1] |
| Hindustani classical music |
|---|
| Concepts |
| Genres |
| Thaats |
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Many ghazals and thumris are based on Khamaj. It utilises the shuddha (pure) form of Ni on the ascent, and the komala (flat) form of Ni on the descent, creating a key asymmetry in compositional and improvisational performance. This raga has been explored more in the lighter forms of Hindustani Classical Music such as Thumri, Tappa etc. Yet a many compositions in Dhrupad and Khayal are found as well. Harikambhoji is the equivalent rāgam in Carnatic music.
Theory [Raag Shashtra]
Arohana: S G M P D N Ṡ[lower-alpha 1][1][2]
Avroha: Ṡ Ṉ D P M G R S[lower-alpha 2][2][1][3]
Vadi Swar: G[2]
Samavadi Swar: N[2]
Compositions
In Dhrupad, Sadra, Khayal, Thumri & Tappa styles :
- Sudhi Bisara Gayi...(Sadra form – in 10 beat cycle of Jhaptal. Sung by Abdul Karim Khan of Kirana Gharana)
- "Ban Ban Dhunda liyo banvari......"(Set in TeenTal, composed by Acharya Dr Pandit Gokulotsavji Maharaj)[4]
- "nand ghar aaj baje badhai......"(Set in TeenTal, composed by Acharya Dr Pandit Gokulotsavji Maharaj)[4]
- Piya Tori Tirchhi Najar Laage Pyaari Re... (Bol Banav Ki Thumri form. Sung by Faiyaz Khan of Agra Gharana)
- Koyaliyan Kuhuk/Kook Sunaave... (Khayal/Bandishi Thumri form – in 16 beat cycle of Teentala. Sung by Nisar Hussain Khan of Rampur Gharana, Ajoy Chakrabarty of Patiala Gharana
- Shyaam Rang Daari... (Dhrupad form – in 14 beat cycle of Dhamar Tala. Sung by N. Zahiruddin Dagar & F. Wasfuddin Dagar)
- Ab Maan Jao Saiyaan...(Dadra) sung by Ustad Ghulam Abbas Khan of Rampur Sahaswan Gharana
- Sudh Naa Lini Jabse Gaye... (Dadra form – Sung by Faiyaz Khan of Agra Gharana and also Mentioned in Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande's Kramik Pustak Malika Vol. 2)
Hindi Film Songs based on Raga Khamaj:
- Bada natkhat hai...ka kare yashoda maiya, "Kuchh Toh Log Kahenge" and Raina Beet Jaye (with Todi in mukhara) – Amar Prem[5]
- Ayo kahanse ghanashyam – Buddha Mil Gaya
- Vo na aenge palatkar – Devdaas
- A dilse dil mila le – Navrang
- Dhal chuki shame Gam – Kohinoor
- Khat likha de savariyake nam babu
- Mere to giridharagopala – Meera
- Tere bina sajna lage na jiya hamar – Aarti
- Tere mere milan ki ye raina – Abhimaan
- Khamaj – Fuzön sung by Shafqat Amanat Ali
- Mitwa – Kabhi alvida na kehna
The Narsinh Bhajan "Vaishnav jan to" is also based on Khamaj.
The Sargam Geet is as follows: set to teentaal, that is sixteen beats:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
| G | G | S | G | M | P | G | M | N | D | _ | M | P | D | _ | M |
| G | _ | _ | _ | D | N | S' | _ | S ' | N | D | P | M | G | R | S |
This is the Prelude to the Sargam Geet, the underscore signifies the avagraha i.e. prolongation of the immediate previous note by one beat for one _ and
three beats in case of _ _ _
Film Songs
Language : Hindi
| Song | Movie | Composer | Singers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vo Na Ayenge Palatkar | Devdas (1955 film) | S. D. Burman | Mubarak Begum |
| Piya Tose Naina Lage Re | Guide (film) | S. D. Burman | Lata Mangeshkar |
| Nazar Lagi Raja Tore Bungle Par | Kala Pani (1958 film) | S. D. Burman | Asha Bhosle |
| Ham Apna Unhe Bana Na Sake | Bhanwara | Khemchand Prakash | K. L. Saigal |
| Sajana Saanjh Bhayi | Roti (1942 film) | Anil Biswas (composer) | Begum Akhtar |
| Ab Kya Misal Dun | Aarti (film) | Roshan (music director) | Mohammed Rafi |
| Tere Bina Sajna Lage Na Jiya Hamar | Aarti (film) | Roshan (music director) | Mohammed Rafi & Lata Mangeshkar |
| Bata Do Koi Kaun Gali Gaye Shyam | Madhu (1959 film) | Roshan (music director) | Mohammed Rafi M & Lata Mangeshkar F |
| A Dil Se Dil Mila Le | Navrang | C. Ramchandra | Asha Bhosle |
| Dhal Chuki Sham-e-Gham | Kohinoor (1960 film) | Naushad | Mohammed Rafi |
| Chunariya Katati Jae | Mother India | Naushad | Mohammed Rafi & Lata Mangeshkar & Shamshad Begum |
| Mere To Giridhara Gopala | Meera (1979 film) | Ravi Shankar | Vani Jairam & Dinkar Kamanna |
| Sakhi Re Suun Bole Papiha | Miss Mary (1957 film) | Hemant Kumar | Lata Mangeshkar & Asha Bhosle |
| Jao Re jogi tum jao re | Amrapali (film) | Shankar–Jaikishan | Lata Mangeshkar |
| O Sajna Barakha Bahara Ayi | Parakh (1960 film) | Salil Chowdhury | Lata Mangeshkar |
| Ayo Kahan Se Ghanashyam | Buddha Mil Gaya | R. D. Burman | Manna Dey & Archana Mahanta |
| Bada Natkhat Hai Re Krishna Kahaiya | Amar Prem | R. D. Burman | Lata Mangeshkar |
| Kuch To Log Kahenge | Amar Prem | R. D. Burman | Kishore Kumar |
| Sham Dhale Jamuna Kinare | Pushpanjali (1970 film) | Laxmikant–Pyarelal | Lata Mangeshkar & Manna Dey |
| Khat Likh De Savariya Ke Naam Babu | Aaye Din Bahar Ke | Laxmikant–Pyarelal | Asha Bhosle |
Language:Tamil
| Song | Movie | Composer | Singer |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gnayiru Enbathu | Kaakum Karangal | K. V. Mahadevan | T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela |
| Kalviya Selvama Veerama | Saraswati Sabatham | T. M. Soundararajan | |
| Ennirandhu 16 Vayathu | Annai Illam | ||
| Anbulla Maanvizhiye | Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum | M. S. Viswanathan | |
| Ore Padal Unnai Azhaikkum | Engirundho Vandhaal | ||
| Sumaithaangi Saaindhaal | Thanga Pathakkam | ||
| Mellapo Mellapo | Kaavalkaaran | T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela | |
| Kungamapottin Mangalam | Kudiyirundha Koyil | ||
| Vizhiye Vizhiye | Puthiya Bhoomi | ||
| Acham Enbadhu Madamaiyada | Mannadhi Mannan | Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy | T. M. Soundararajan |
| Malargalai Pol Thangai | Pasamalar | ||
| Kelvi Piranthathu | Pachai Vilakku | ||
| Silar Siripaar Silar Azhuvaar | Paava Mannippu | ||
| Kalangalil Aval Vasantham | P. B. Sreenivas | ||
| Anbumanam Kanindhapinne | Aalukkoru Veedu | P. B. Sreenivas, P. Susheela | |
| Unnai Ondru Ketpen | Puthiya Paravai | P. Susheela | |
| Athaimadi Methaiyadi | Karpagam | ||
| Muthana Muthallavo | Nenjil Or Aalayam | ||
| Kavalaigal Kidakattum | Bandha Pasam | T. M. Soundararajan, P. B. Sreenivas | |
| Odam Nadhiyinile | Kathiruntha Kangal | Sirkazhi Govindarajan | |
| Devankoyil Maniyosai | Mani Osai | ||
| Thookam Un Kangalai | Aalayamani | S. Janaki | |
| Ammavuku Manasukulle | Manapanthal | S.C.Krishnan | |
| Amaithiyaana Nathiyinile | Aandavan Kattalai | T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela | |
| Naan Malarodu Thaniyaga | Iru Vallavargal | Vedha | |
| Naane Naana | Azhage Unnai Aarathikkiren | Ilayaraja | Vani Jairam |
| Manasukkulle Nayana | Mallu Vetti Minor | Arunmozhi, S. Janaki | |
| Megam Karukayilae | Vaidehi Kathirunthal | Ilayaraja, Uma Ramanan | |
| Adukku Malli Yeduthu | Aavarampoo | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki | |
| Mandhiram Idhu | K. J. Yesudas | ||
| Kanavu Kaanum | Neengal Kettavai | ||
| Pottu Vaitha Oru Vatta Nila | Idhayam | ||
| Pazhamuthir Cholai | Varusham Padhinaaru | ||
| Adi Kaana Karunkuyile | Poonthotta Kaavalkaaran | ||
| Vaana Malai | Idhu Namma Bhoomi | ||
| Eduthu Vecha | Ninaive Oru Sangeetham | S. Janaki, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam(Pathos) | |
| Sandhu Pottu | Thevar Magan | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Kamal Haasan | |
| Enna Paada Sollathey | Aan Paavam | S. Janaki | |
| Nadhi Odum Karaiyoram | Aavarampoo | ||
| Chinna Kuyil Paadum Pattu | Poove Poochooda Vaa | K. S. Chitra | |
| Thenmadurai Seemaiyile | Thangamana Raasa | ||
| Oru Naal Oru Kanavu | Kannukkul Nilavu | K. J. Yesudas, Anuradha Sriram | |
| Thendral Varum | Friends | Hariharan, Bhavatharini | |
| Diana Diana | Kaadhal Kavithai | Hariharan | |
| Ennavendru Solvathamma | Rajakumaran | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam | |
| En Kadhale | Duet | A. R. Rahman | |
| Chinna Chinna Aasai(Shankarabaranam traces too) | Roja | Minmini | |
| Uyire Uyire(charanam in Charukesi) | Bombay | Hariharan, K. S. Chithra | |
| Kannukku Mai Azhagu | Pudhiya Mugam | Unni Menon, P. Susheela | |
| Maya Machindra | Indian | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Swarnalatha | |
| Nenje Nenje | Ratchagan | K. J. Yesudas, Sadhana Sargam | |
| Aathangara Marame | Kizhakku Cheemayile | Mano, Sujatha Mohan | |
| Adi Nenthikkitten | Star | Karthik, Chitra Sivaraman | |
| Sandakkozhi | Aaytha Ezhuthu | Madhushree,A.R.Rahman | |
| Kummi Adi | Sillunu Oru Kaadhal | Sirkazhi G. Sivachidambaram, Swarnalatha, Naresh Iyer, Theni Kunjarammal, Vignesh, Chorus | |
| Maduraikku Pogathadee | Azhagiya Tamil Magan | Benny Dayal, Archith, Darshana KT | |
| Putham Puthu Olai | Vedham Pudhithu | Devendran | K. S. Chithra |
| Pullankuzhal Mozhi Tamil | Oorum Uravum | Shankar–Ganesh | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Vani Jairam |
| Kambangade Kambangade | Vaaname Ellai | Maragadha Mani | Maragadha Mani, K. S. Chithra |
| Vannathi Poochi | Paatti Sollai Thattathe | Chandrabose | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra |
| Aathu Mettu Thopukulle | Manasukketha Maharasa | Deva | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela |
| Vayakkaadu | Parambarai | Mano, K. S. Chithra | |
| Kannukulle | Dhill | Vidyasagar | Manikka Vinayagam |
| Lesa Lesa | Lesa Lesa | Harris Jayaraj | Anuradha Sriram |
Notes
- Alternate notations:
- Carnatic: S G₃ M₁ P D₂ N₃ Ṡ
- Western: C E F G A B C
- Alternate notations:
- Carnatic: Ṡ N₂ D₂ P M₁ G₃ R₂ S
- Western: C B♭ A G F E D C
Notable songs
- Kuch To Log Kahenge
- Tere Mere Milan Ki Ye Raina
- Mora Saiyyan Mose Bole
- Vaishnava Jana To(in Mishra Khamaj)
References
- Bor & Rao 1999.
- OEMI:KR.
- SWAAI SANGEET (Part 1) Theory of Indian Classical Music by Prem Jialal Vasant
- Māthura, Nītā. (2011). Śāstrīya saṅgīta ke sūrya : Ācārya (Paṃ.) Gokulotsava Jī Mahārāja : saṅgīta sevā, śāstra cintana evaṃ bandiśoṃ kā saṅkalana (1. saṃskaraṇa ed.). Naī Dillī: Rādhā Pablikeśansa. ISBN 978-81-7487-765-9. OCLC 769743702.
- Anirudha Bhattacharjee; Balaji Vittal (2012). R. D. Burman: The Man, The Music. Harper Collins India. p. 96. ISBN 978-93-5029-236-5.
Sources
- Bor, Joep; Rao, Suvarnalata (1999). The Raga Guide: A Survey of 74 Hindustani Ragas. Nimbus Records with Rotterdam Conservatory of Music. p. 100. ISBN 9780954397609.
- Khamāj Rāga (Hin), The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195650983. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
- http://www.tanarang.com/english/khamaj_eng.htm
- https://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/khamaj/
External links
| Concepts |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Instruments | ||
| Genres | ||
| Semi-classical genres | ||
| Thaats |
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