List of chess grandmasters

The following people have all been grandmasters (GM) of chess. The title is awarded to players who have met the standards required by the sport's governing body, FIDE. Other than world champion, it is the highest title a chess player can attain and is awarded for life, although FIDE regulations allow for the revocation of titles for cheating or fraud. FIDE has awarded 2065 grandmaster titles, not counting three GM titles that have been revoked.

Grandmasters

Player names are generally listed as they appear in FIDE records such as the FIDE Chess Profile pages, although accented letters are used where they apply, which FIDE databases simplify to the English alphabet. When player names or spellings have changed, the most recent is used even if it is different than that when the title was awarded which is then listed in the Notes column. Variants in transliteration such as "Alexei" vs. "Alexey" are not mentioned.

FIDE has issued ID codes since 1998; some older grandmasters were never assigned an ID. For living grandmasters, this field is a weblink to the FIDE Chess Profile page which usually gives the year the GM title was awarded and the player's birth year. FIDE IDs for deceased grandmasters are retained in this table to aid matching with older FIDE records such as the FIDE rating lists.

Title Year is the year FIDE officially awarded the title. Sometimes this may be a year after the player completed the final norm requirements for the title. In a few cases (e.g. Esteban Canal), the title was awarded retrospectively, many years after the relevant achievements.

The player's federation is stated at the time the GM title was awarded. If the player later changed federations, this is listed in Notes.

The Notes column gives the entire row's sources and those from 1950 to 2016 are equally in Chess International Titleholders, 1950–2016 by Di Felice.[1]

Revoked titles

FIDE titles including the grandmaster title are valid for life, but FIDE regulations allow a title to be revoked for "use of a FIDE title or rating to subvert the ethical principles of the title or rating system" or if a player is found to have violated the anti-cheating regulations in a tournament on which the title application was based.[2]

Revoked GM Title Awards
NameFIDE IDBornDiedYearRevokedFederationsSexNotes
Crișan, Alexandru12012711962-07-3119932015RomaniaMDate of title revocation is unclear[note 114]
Nigalidze, Gaioz136030781989-04-2420142015GeorgiaMFIDE Ethics Commission Case n. 7/2015;[5] GM title application
Rausis, Igors116000981961-04-072024-03-2819922019Latvia • Bangladesh • Czech RepublicMFIDE Ethics Commission Case n. 8/2019[6]

See also

Notes
  1. References have three different dates of birth for Abbasifar, the one shown (12 Sep 1972) is from his GM title application. Di Felice lists 11 Aug 1972; his IM title application gives 11 Sep 1982.
  2. Abdusattorov's date of birth is from ChessBase News: Friedel, Frederic (29 October 2017), Abdusattorov second youngest GM ever, ChessBase. His birthplace is from Barden, Leonard (6 January 2017), "Ramesh Praggnanandhaa and Nodirbek Abdusattorov race to break world record", The Guardian, retrieved 26 January 2021.
  3. Al Khatib Ahmad and Lina Nassr win Arab Chess Championship, FIDE, 6 March 2023, retrieved 20 May 2023
  4. Алексей Александров [Alexey Alexandrov] (in Russian), chess-boom.online, November 2020, retrieved 9 September 2022
  5. Farrukh Amonatov, Chess Interviews, 26 September 2010, retrieved 8 January 2022
  6. Di Felice gives 2001 as Anić's GM title year, but the FIDE Golden Book and the FIDE Chess Profile show the title award was in 1999.
  7. Di Felice and IM application give Aravindh's birth date as 11 Sep 1999, GM application has 15 Sep 1999
  8. FIDE rating lists from 1975 to 2017 list Ardiansyah as "Ardiansyah, H" and some sources such as Di Felice and FIDE Golden Book indicate his name was Hasan. Indonesian sources say that "H" is an abbreviation for the Muslim honorific Hajji and that his name was simply Ardiansyah. "Ardiansyah (1951–2017)", IndonesiaBase, 24 January 2010, retrieved 30 January 2021. "Granmaster Catur Indonesia, Ardiansyah, Meninggal Dunia" [Indonesian Chess Grandmaster, Ardiansyah, Passes Away], Tempo.co (in Indonesian), 30 October 2017, retrieved 30 January 2021.
  9. Di Felice gives Askarov's title year as 2007, but the FIDE Golden Book and the FIDE Chess Profile have 2008 as the title award year. The title application was considered at the 1st quarter Presidential Board Meeting 2008, 21-22 December 2007, Singapore.
  10. Di Felice lists 2009 as Bercenilla's title year, but the FIDE Chess Profile and the FIDE Golden Book show the title was awarded in 2010. The title application was considered at the 80th FIDE Congress 2009, 11-18 October 2009, Halkidiki, GRE.
  11. Di Felice lists Borišek's title year as 2008, but the FIDE Chess Profile and the FIDE Golden Book have 2009.
  12. Красивый мат в 1 ход. Решить не каждому под силу (in Russian), chessok.net, retrieved 24 September 2022
  13. Di Felice lists Bryzgalin's title year as 2007, but the FIDE Chess Profile and the FIDE Golden Book give 2008.
  14. Preminuo velemajstor Mišo Cebalo [Grandmaster Mišo Cebalo passed away] (in Croatian), Croatian Radiotelevision, 3 September 2022, retrieved 5 September 2022
  15. Di Felice gives Chernobay's date of birth as 11 Jun 1989, but his GM title application says 23 June.
  16. Di Felice lists 27 January 1991 as Chirilă's date of birth.
  17. Cori's birth date is given as 30 July 1995 by Di Felice and on his IM title application. His GM title application gives 2 July.
  18. Di Felice lists Cori Quispe's birthday as 8 February 1999, but his GM title application has 2 August.
  19. De La Paz Perdomo's GM title application lists 1973 as his birth year, but Di Felice and other sources give 1975.
  20. Di Felice states the title year as 2000, but FIDE Golden Book has 2001 and Domínguez was still noted as "m" in the FIDE July 2001 rating list.
  21. Di Felice and other sources give Dorfman's birth year as 1952. FIDE records used to list 1952 as Dorfman's birth year as well, but his FIDE Chess Profile now says 1953.
  22. Harika Dronavalli – The Unstoppable Women Grandmaster from India, Chess Player Profiles, 9 April 2022, retrieved 17 September 2022
  23. Iivo Nei and Andreas Dueckstein awarded Honorary GM title, FIDE, 15 February 2024, retrieved 29 February 2024
  24. ДЖУМАЕВ МАРАТ РУСТАМОВИЧ [Dzhumaev Marat Rustamovich] (in Russian), Sehrli Shahmat, archived from the original on 17 January 2023, retrieved 8 January 2022
  25. Di Felice and Gaige 1987 give Eingorn's birthday as 25 November 1956, but other sources have 23 November.
  26. The GM title application for Eliseev gives his birthdate as 29 July 1996, but Di Felice has 29 August.
  27. Escobar Forero's GM title application lists his birth date as 10 March 1977, but Di Felice has 11 March.
  28. Esipenko's birthplace is from Chessbase News: Friedel, Frederic (21 September 2018), Guess who came to encourage the Russian Olympiad teams?, ChessBase
  29. Fedoseev birthplace from McGourty, Colin (21 March 2017), Howell claims Winter Classic in thrilling finish, chess24, retrieved 18 July 2022
  30. Di Felice lists Anton Filippov's birthday as 6 December 1986, but his GM title application has 12 June.
  31. Fırat's 2017 GM title application gives his birthplace as Barcelona, Spain, but his 2010 IM application listed İzmir, Turkey, as does GM Burak Fırat 2019 yılında merkezimizde derslere başlamıştır [GM Burak Fırat started classes at our center in 2019] (in Turkish)
  32. U.S. Chess Champs, uschesschamps.com, retrieved 26 September 2022
  33. Відкритий особистий чемпіонат України з шахів (in Ukrainian), Федерація шахів України, retrieved 24 December 2022
  34. Di Felice gives Valeriane Gaprindashvili's GM title year as 2003, but both the FIDE Golden Book and the FIDE Chess Profile page have 2001.
  35. Di Felice gives Geller's birth date as 2 March 1925.
  36. "Гиря Ольга Александровна – биография" [Girya Olga Alexandrovna - biography], viperson.ru (in Russian), 21 January 2019, retrieved 3 June 2022
  37. Gomez Esteban's GM title application lists his birthday as 5 February 1958, but Di Felice and other sources have 15 February.
  38. Di Felice gives 2008 as the title year for González Vidal, but the FIDE Profile page and the FIDE Golden Book have 2009.
  39. Gordievsky's date and place of birth are from Di Felice.
  40. "Vidit Santosh Gujrathi", The Times of India, 19 January 2018, retrieved 20 October 2021
  41. Szymon Gumularz (in Polish), Szachy w Polsce, 10 December 2015, retrieved 24 February 2022
  42. Di Felice and Gaige list Gurevich's birthday as 6 February 1972, but the FIDE Golden Book and other sources have 8 February.
  43. Happy Birthday GM Ravi Haria (07-ii-1999), British Chess News, 7 February 2021, retrieved 17 September 2022
  44. Harutjunyan's GM title application seems to show a date of birth of 5 July 1981, but Di Felice and other sources have 7 May.
  45. Hayrapetyan, Hovik (15.02.1990), the Chesspedia, archived from the original on 21 September 2022, retrieved 17 September 2022
  46. Birthday Greetings GM Julian Hodgson (25-VII-1963), British Chess News, 25 July 2020, retrieved 26 October 2022
  47. Di Felice lists Hübner's title year as 1970, but Gaige and the FIDE Golden Book show the title was awarded in 1971.
  48. Di Felice lists 1993 as Istrățescu's title year, but the FIDE Chess Profile page and the FIDE Golden Book have 1994.
  49. "he got the GM title in 2005 for norms that he made in the early 1990s and was unaware of" –"Igor Ivanov – Grandmaster and pianist", Chessbase News, 3 January 2006
  50. Di Felice lists Mikhail Ivanov's birth date as 20 Jan 1969, but old FIDE rating lists have 10 Jan. The FIDE Golden Book confirms that Ivanov was awarded the GM title in 1993, but it does not list a birth date.
  51. Di Felice lists 1977 as Božidar Ivanović's GM title year, but his FIDE Chess Profile page and the FIDE Golden Book have 1978. Di Felice lists Božidar's birth year as 1949 which is what FIDE records said at time the book was published, but FIDE subsequently changed the birth year to 1946.
  52. Di Felice gives Karthikeyan as born in Chennai on 1 May 1999, but his GM title application has Thanjavur on 5 January.
  53. Gaige lists Kavalek's title year as 1965.
  54. Di Felice gives Kachiyan's title year as 2005, but FIDE rating lists show him as an IM until the July 2006 list.
  55. FIDE delegation meets with Pakistan's President and PM, FIDE, 4 February 2024, retrieved 5 February 2024
  56. Doggers, Peter (5 February 2024), Honorary Grandmaster Title Posthumously Awarded To Sultan Khan, Chess.com, retrieved 5 February 2024
  57. Di Felice and Gaige give Kirov's date of birth as 9 Sep 1945, but some sources such as Chess24 – Nino Kirov (1945–2008) (in Bulgarian) give 11 Sep 1945
  58. Di Felice indicates Klimov received the GM title in 2008, but the FIDE Golden Book gives 2009.
  59. Di Felice lists Kurajica's title year as 1975, but the FIDE Golden Book has 1974.
  60. Birthdate and birthplace are from "КУЗУБОВ ЮРИЙ" [Kuzubov Yuri], www.chesspage.kiev.ua (in Ukrainian), 19 January 2005, retrieved 31 January 2021
  61. Di Felice gives Le Roux's date of birth as 1 May 1982, but his GM title application says 5 May.
  62. Lei's WGM title application lists her birthday as 13 March 1997, but Di Felice and her GM title application have 3 March.
  63. Lenič's GM application lists his birthday as 13 August 1988, but Di Felice gives 13 May.
  64. Di Felice gives Liberzon's title year as 1966, but both Gaige and The FIDE Golden Book have 1965.
  65. The FIDE Golden Book lists Lupu's title year as 1994; Di Felice gives 1995.
  66. Di Felice lists Magerramov's title year as 1990, but the FIDE Golden Book has 1992.
  67. Mahjoob Zardast's GM title application lists his birthday as 28 March 1980, but Di Felice has 20 March.
  68. Manolache's GM title application lists his birth year as 1974, but Di Felice has 1973.
  69. Di Felice gives 2005 as Meijers' title year, but the FIDE Golden Book has 2004.
  70. Di Felice gives Mikhalevski's birthday as 8 July 1972, but FIDE Golden Book has 12 July.
  71. Di Felice and Gaige give Milić's date of death as 27 May 1986, but some online sources have 28 May.
  72. Di Felice and several other sources (Gaige 1987, Golombek 1977, Kažić 1974) give 5 March 1937 as Minić's birthday. Some online sources published shortly after his death such as TWIC 546 said his birthday was 5 April 1936.
  73. Munkhgal's birthday is from his IM title application.
  74. Doggers, Peter (26 July 2021), "FIDE World Cup R1.3: 14-Year-Old Murzin Through", Chess.com, retrieved 10 December 2022
  75. Iivo Nei and Andreas Dueckstein awarded Honorary GM title, FIDE, 15 February 2024, retrieved 29 February 2024
  76. Di Felice records Okhotnik as a GM in 2006, but FIDE ratings lists show him as an IM until November 2011. In fact Okhotnik earned the GM title by winning the 21st World Senior Championship in November 2011.
  77. Di Felice gives Oll's title year as 1992, but FIDE Golden Book and other sources have 1990. Oll was assigned FIDE ID 4500024 in the July 1998 and Jan 1999 rating lists, but this number was reassigned later to Ladva.
  78. The Ortiz Suárez GM title application lists his birthday as 30 March 1980, but Di Felice has 2 April 1985 and the Ortiz Suarez FIDE Chess Profile also lists his birth year as 1985.
  79. FIDE gives Ovsejevitsch's birth year as 1977, but Di Felice says his birthday is 4 May 1974 because of an error in a previous version of the FIDE database.
  80. Di Felice lists 1992 as Thomas Pähtz GM title year, but the correct year is 1990 as given in the FIDE Golden Book.
  81. Di Felice gives Paleza's birthday as 5 December 1986, but his GM title application says 8 December.
  82. Paravyan's GM title application lists his birthday as 3 August 1998, but Di Felice, his IM title application and other sources give 8 March 1998.
  83. Di Felice lists Perelshteyn's birthday as 15 June 1980, but many online sources have 2 February 1980.
  84. Manual Petrosyan's GM title application gives his birthday as 6 May 1998, but Di Felice has 15 May.
  85. Di Felice gives Pietzsch's title year as 1966, but both Gaige and the FIDE Golden Book give 1965.
  86. Di Felice gives Podochenko's birthday as 2 July 1988, but his GM title application has 7 Feb 1988.
  87. Riff's GM title application lists his birthday as 29 April 1981, but Di Felice has 22 April as does Jean-Noël Riff[fr].
  88. Romanenko's GM title application gives his birthday as 4 June 1985, but Di Felice and other sources have 6 April.
  89. ВАДИМ РУБАН [Vadim Ruban] (in Russian), Chess Federation of Russia, 13 June 2022, retrieved 5 September 2022
  90. For many years it was believed that Rubinstein was born on 12 Oct 1882, but more recent research has shown that 1 Dec 1880, the birth date on Rubinstein's gravestone, is correct. Rubinstein's DOB, Chess History & Literature Society, 19 Apr 2014
  91. Šahović was assigned FIDE ID 901644, but after his death that ID was given to a different player.
  92. Di Felice gives 18 April 1992 as Yago Santiago's birthday, but his GM title application says 17 April.
  93. Ibro Saric's GM title application lists his birthday as 20 December 1982, but both Di Felice and his IM application have 20 February.
  94. Di Felice lists Luhansk as Shvyrjov's birthplace, but his title application says Kyiv.
  95. Шахматист Алексей Сорокин стал первым международным гроссмейстером в Алтайском крае (Chess player Aleksey Sorokin became the first international grandmaster in Altai Krai) (in Russian), Катунь 24, 18 August 2021, retrieved 28 May 2022
  96. Stellwagen's GM title application gives 3 January 1987 as his birthday, but Di Felice and other sources say 1 March.
  97. Stern's birthday is listed as 15 February 1972 by Di Felice and on his GM title application, but the German Wikipedia biography René Stern[de] gives 15 May.
  98. Although Suleymanli's IM title application lists his birthdate as 20 March 2005, other online sources have 22 March.
  99. Di Felice gives 29 Jun 1982 as Sundararajan Kidambi's birthday, but his GM title application lists 29 December.
  100. German Masters, Runde 9, Svane gegen Keymer: Hat Keymer den Gewinn verpasst? (in German), de.chessbase.com, 25 August 2022, retrieved 17 January 2023
  101. Świercz's GM title application gives his birth year as 1984. Di Felice says he was born in 1994.
  102. Tazbir's GM title application lists his birthday as 2 August 1988, but Di Felice and his IM title application have 22 August.
  103. Di Felice lists Tisdall's GM title year as 1995, but FIDE Golden Book and Tisdall's FIDE Chess Profile say the title was awarded in 1993.
  104. Di Felice lists Tishin's GM title year as 2005, but FIDE Golden Book and Tishin's FIDE Chess Profile say the title award was in 2002.
  105. МИХАИЛ УЛЫБИН (in Russian), ruchess.ru, retrieved 25 September 2022
  106. Wahls' birthplace from Matthias Wahls, "My Chess CV, 1968", matthias-wahls.com, retrieved 11 November 2022
  107. Di Felice lists Wedberg's GM title year as 1995, but FIDE Golden Book and the online FIDE Chess Profile say his title was awarded in 1990.
  108. Di Felice gives 1995 as Xie Jun's GM title year, but FIDE Golden book lists her with the 1993 awardees.
  109. Xu Xiangyu's birthday is more legible on his IM title application.
  110. FIDE gives Igor Zaitsev's birth year as 1937, but Di Felice and other sources say he was born 27 May 1938.
  111. Zherebukh's GM application lists his birthday as 14 September 1993, but Di Felice and his IM application have 14 July.
  112. Zhukova's GM application lists her birthday as 5 May 1979, but Di Felice has 5 June.
  113. Di Felice gives Zoler's birthday as 19 January 1974, but his GM title application has 10 January.
  114. Although it was recommended that Crișan's title be revoked in 2001,[3] he was still listed as a grandmaster in FIDE's official rating list until July 2015.[4] FIDE made no announcement when adjusting his rating downwards and de-listing his title in August 2015. However, the rating deduction was retroactively applied from October 2001. According to Di Felice, all titles (FM, IM, and GM) were revoked in 2015.

Obituaries
  1. In Memoriam – Velemajstor Boško Abramović (1951–2021) [In Memoriam - Grand Master Boško Abramović (1951–2021)] (in Serbian), Serbia Chess Federation, 19 December 2019
  2. Schulz, André (12 May 2023), András Adorján (1950-2023), ChessBase, retrieved 20 May 2023
  3. Chess grandmaster Ashot Anastasyan dies, Armenpress, 26 December 2016, retrieved 20 June 2020
  4. Yuri Averbakh, 1922–2022, Chess.com, 7 May 2022, retrieved 8 May 2022
  5. McClain, Dylan Loeb (August 26, 2019). "Pal Benko, who stepped aside for Bobby Fischer, dies at 91". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 28, 2019. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  6. "Young chess players 'killed by laughing gas'". BBC News. 2020-03-06. Retrieved 2020-03-06.. Doggers, Peter (6 March 2020). "GM Stanislav Bogdanovich And Girlfriend 'Found Dead In Moscow Apartment'". Chess.com. Retrieved 2020-03-06.
  7. Preminuo banjalučki velemajstor Enver Bukić [Banja Luka Grandmaster Enver Bukić passed away] (in Serbian), 24 February 2017, retrieved 31 December 2023
  8. Ś. † P. Krzysztof Bulski (1987–2020) (in Polish), Polish Chess Federation, 18 December 2020, retrieved 21 December 2020
  9. Ушел из жизни Олег Черников [Oleg Chernikov passed away] (in Russian), Chess Federation of Russia, 6 February 2015, retrieved 7 September 2022
  10. Schulz, André (5 August 2021), Istvan Csom (2 June 1940 – 28 July 2021), ChessBase News, retrieved 5 August 2021
  11. RIP Yury Dokhoian (1964–2021), Chess Federation of Russia, 1 July 2021, retrieved 2 July 2021
  12. Meghalt Faragó Iván nemzetközi sakknagymester [International chess grandmaster Iván Faragó has died] (in Hungarian), 13 December 2022, retrieved 22 December 2022
  13. "Forintos Győző (1935–2018)". Hungarian Chess Federation (in Hungarian). 2018-12-15. Archived from the original on 2018-12-15. Retrieved 2019-04-28.
  14. Luto en el ajedrez colombiano: muere el Gran Maestro Gildardo García [Mourning in Colombian chess: Grandmaster Gildardo García dies] (in Spanish), El Tiempo, 2021-01-15, retrieved 2021-01-15
  15. Fallece el Gran Maestro cubano de ajedrez Román Hernández [Cuban chess Grandmaster Román Hernández dies] (in Spanish), OnCuba News, 1 June 2021, retrieved 5 Jun 2021
  16. Schulz, André (16 February 2022), Remembering Borislav Ivkov (12 November 1933 – 14 February 2022), ChessBase, retrieved 18 February 2022
  17. Mihajlova, Diana (4 January 2022), Remembering GM Gábor Kállai, 21 February 1959 – 31 December 2021, ChessBase, retrieved 8 January 2022Meghalt Kállai Gábor nemzetközi sakknagymester [International chess master Gábor Kállai has died] (in Hungarian), Telex.hu, 31 December 2021
  18. Friedel, Frederik (19 January 2021), Lubomir Kaválek, 1943–2021, ChessBase News, retrieved 20 January 2021. Langer, Emily (19 January 2021), "Lubomir Kavalek, international chess grandmaster, dies at 77", The Washington Post, retrieved 20 January 2021
  19. Chess-News.ru [@Chess_News] (July 28, 2021). "Ушёл из жизни гроссмейстер Дмитрий Каюмов (1949 - 2021)" [Grandmaster Dmitry Kayumov (1949 - 2021) has passed away] (Tweet) (in Russian). Retrieved 18 August 2021 – via Twitter.
  20. АЛЕКСАНДР ХАСИН [Alexander Khasin] (in Russian), Chess Federation of Russia, 29 April 2022, retrieved 7 September 2022
  21. Brynjólfur Þór Gudmundsson (1 March 2018), Stefán Kristjánsson látinn [Stefán Kristjánsson deceased] (in Icelandic), Ríkisútvarpið
  22. Nikolai Krogius (1930–2022), FIDE, 17 July 2022, retrieved 18 July 2022
  23. Ушел из жизни Геннадий Павлович Кузьмин [Gennady Pavlovich Kuzmin passed away] (in Russian), Chess Federation of Russia, 28 February 2020, retrieved 28 October 2020
  24. "Liūdna žinia: mirė vienas geriausių Lietuvos šachmatininkų Aloyzas Kveinys" [Sad news: one of the best Lithuanian chess players Aloyzas Kveinys has died], lrytas.lt (in Lithuanian), 26 July 2018, retrieved 28 October 2020
  25. Ушел из жизни Константин Ланда [Konstantin Landa passed away] (in Russian), Chess Federation of Russia, 12 October 2022, retrieved 12 October 2022
  26. Klein, Mike, "GM William Lombardy, 1937–2017", Chess.com, retrieved 2017-10-13
  27. Doggers, Peter (8 June 2023), Vadim Malakhatko (1977–2023), Chess.com, retrieved 5 July 2023
  28. Василий Малинин (1956–2020) [Vasily Malinin (1956–2020)] (in Russian), Chess-News.ru, 27 November 2020, archived from the original on 26 November 2020, retrieved 2 July 2021
  29. GM Aleksandar Matanovic dies at 93, ChessBase.com, 10 August 2023, retrieved 10 August 2023
  30. Schulz, André (2 February 2022), French Grandmaster Gilles Mirallès dies at the age of 55, ChessBase, retrieved 18 February 2022
  31. Igor G. Naumkin (1965 - 2022), ChessBase, 17 July 2022, retrieved 17 July 2022
  32. In memoriam - Станимир Цане Николић (26.01.1935–2021) [In memoriam - Stanimir Cane Nikolić (January 26, 1935–2021)] (in Serbian), Chess Association of Central Serbia, 31 May 2021, retrieved 2 July 2021
  33. Ukrainian Chess Federation news archive, 4 February 2017. Death reported on this date.
  34. ТАЗИ НОЩ Е ПОЧИНАЛ ЛЕГЕНДАТА НА РОДНИЯ ШАХМАТ НИКОЛА ПЪДЕВСКИ [National chess legend Nikola Padevski died tonight] (in Bulgarian), 18 December 2023, retrieved 31 December 2023
  35. Barden, Leonard (2 December 2021), "Jonathan Penrose obituary", The Guardian, retrieved 2 April 2022
  36. "Suurmestari Yrjö Rantanen on kuollut" [Grandmaster Yrjö Rantanen is dead], shakkiliitto.fi (in Finnish), Finnish Chess Association, 14 January 2021, retrieved 19 January 2021
  37. Nukhim Rashkovsky Passed Away at 77, Chess Federation of Russia, 14 March 2023
  38. Zielinski, Filip, Nie żyje Włodzimierz Schmidt. Jako pierwszy Polak zdobył tytuł arcymistrza [Wladimir Schmidt is dead. He was the first Pole to win the Grandmaster title] (in Polish), Przeglad Sportowy, retrieved 2 April 2023
  39. GM Miron Sher (1952–2020) (obituary), U.S. Chess Federation, 21 August 2020, retrieved 6 January 2021
  40. "In memoriam Velemajstor RADOSLAV SIMIĆ (1948–2020)", serbiachess.org (in Serbian (Latin script)), 14 January 2021, retrieved 14 January 2021
  41. López Michelone, Manuel (22 January 2013), Murió el gran maestro Marcel Sisniega [Grandmaster Marcel Sisniega has died] (in Spanish), Proceso, retrieved 20 January 2021
  42. Nikola Spiridonov nous a quittés [Nikola Spiridonov left us] (in French), Fédération Française des Echecs, 15 March 2021, retrieved 2 April 2022
  43. Schulz, André (2 November 2020), GM Markus Stangl verstorben [GM Markus Stangl passed away] (in German), ChessBase News, retrieved 22 January 2021
  44. International Chess Federation [@FIDE_Chess] (September 8, 2019). "Croatian GM Nenad Sulava passed away on September 5" (Tweet) – via Twitter. International Chess Federation (6 September 2019), Nenad Sulava dies at 56, retrieved 27 October 2019.
  45. Не стало Евгения Свешникова (1950–2021) [Evgeny Sveshnikov died (1950–2021)] (in Russian), Chess-News.ru, 18 August 2021, archived from the original on 24 January 2022, retrieved 18 August 2021; Ушел из жизни Евгений Эллинович Свешников (1950–2021) [Evgeny Ellinovich Sveshnikov passed away (1950–2021)] (in Russian), Chess Federation of Russia, 18 August 2021, retrieved 18 August 2021
  46. Schulz, André (9 September 2020), GM Dmitry Svetushkin (1980–2020), Chessbase.com, retrieved 12 January 2021
  47. "In Memoriam: Velemajstor Miroslav Tošić (1960–2019)", Blog Šah-Mat Liste (in Serbian (Latin script)), 24 November 2019, retrieved 14 January 2021
  48. "In Memoriam: Velemajstor Predrag Trajković (1970–2019)", Blog Šah-Mat Liste (in Serbian (Latin script)), 16 February 2019, retrieved 14 January 2021
  49. Evgeni Vasiukov (1933–2018) Passed Away, Chess Federation of Russia, 10 May 2018, retrieved 5 June 2021
  50. Ve věku 62 let zemřel šachový velmistr Marek Vokáč [Chess grandmaster Marek Vokáč died at the age of 62] (in Czech), sport.cz, 16 November 2021, retrieved 19 November 2021
  51. Schulz, Andre (7 February 2023), Luc Winants ist gestorben [Luc Winants has died] (in German), ChessBase, retrieved 7 February 2023
  52. "RIP Valeri Yandemirov (1963–2017)", ruchess.ru, Chess Federation of Russia, 16 November 2017, retrieved 18 January 2021
  53. Yegiazarian's death reported in "Մահացել է գրոսմայստեր Արսեն Եղիազարյանը". 1lurer.am (in Armenian). 20 April 2020.

References
  1. Di Felice, Gino (2017), Chess International Titleholders, 1950–2016, McFarland, ISBN 978-1-4766-7132-1
  2. "B.01 FIDE Title Regulations effective from 1 July 2017", FIDE Handbook, FIDE, 13 September 2016
  3. Crowther, Mark (17 September 2001), The Week in Chess 358, retrieved 12 December 2019
  4. Crowther, Mark (7 January 2002), The Week in Chess 374, retrieved 12 December 2019
  5. FIDE Ethics Commission (4 December 2015), FIDE Ethics Commission Case n. 7/2015 (PDF), FIDE, retrieved 2019-12-07
  6. FIDE Ethics Commission (5 December 2019), FIDE Ethics Commission Case n. 8/2019 (PDF), FIDE, retrieved 2019-12-07
  • Di Felice, Gino (2017), Chess International Titleholders, 1950–2016, McFarland, ISBN 978-1-4766-7132-1 (main source to verify titles awarded through 2016)
  • Gaige, Jeremy (1987), Chess Personalia, A Biobibliography, McFarland, ISBN 0-7864-2353-6 (alternative source for birthplace and biographical dates and year title awarded for most players earning titles before 1987)
  • Golombek, Harry, ed. (1977), Golombek's Encyclopedia of Chess, Crown Publishing, ISBN 0-517-53146-1
  • Iclicki, Willy (2016), FIDE Golden Book
  • Kažić, Božidar M. (1974), International Championship Chess: A Complete Record of FIDE Events, Pitman, ISBN 978-0273070788
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