List of economic crises
This is a list of economic crises and depressions.
1st century
- Financial crisis of 33
The result of the mass issuance of unsecured loans by main Roman banking houses.[1]
3rd century
7th century
Coin exchange crisis of 692. Byzantine emperor Justinian II refuses to accept tribute from the Umayyad Caliphate with new Arab gold coins for fear of exposing double counting in the Byzantine financial system (actual weight less, than nominal quantity), which leads to the Battle of Sebastopolis and the revolt of taxpayers who burned financial officials in a copper bull. Justinian II was tortured by cutting off his nose in front of spectators at the Hippodrome. Twenty Years' Anarchy begins.
14th century
- 14th century banking crisis (the crash of the Peruzzi and the Bardi family Compagnia dei Bardi in 1345).
17th century
- Kipper und Wipper (1618–22) financial crisis at the start of the Thirty Years' War
- Tulip mania (1637) an economic bubble that burst, hurting the economy of the Dutch Republic
- The General Crisis (1640) Arguably the largest worldwide crisis in history
18th century
- Great Tobacco Depression (1703) (British America)[2]
- South Sea Bubble (1720) (UK)
- Mississippi Company (1720) (France)
- Crisis of 1763 – started in Amsterdam, begun by the collapse of Leendert Pieter de Neufville and Johann Ernst Gotzkowsky, spread to Germany and Scandinavia
- Great East Indian Bengal Bubble Crash (1769) (India) Crash started by the rapid overvaluation of the East India Company.
- Crisis of 1772 – started in London and Amsterdam, begun by the collapse of the bankers Neal, James, Fordyce, and Down.
- War of American Independence Financing Crisis (1776) (United States) – The French monarchy went deeply into debt to finance its 1.4 billion livre support for the colonial rebels; Spain invested 700 million reales.[2]
- Panic of 1785 – United States
- Panic of 1792 – United States
- Panic of 1796–1797 – Britain and United States
19th century
- Danish state bankruptcy of 1813
- Post-Napoleonic Depression (post-1815) (England)
- Panic of 1819, a U.S. recession with bank failures; culmination of U.S.'s first boom-to-bust economic cycle
- Panic of 1825, a pervasive British recession in which many banks failed, nearly including the Bank of England
- Panic of 1837, a U.S. recession with bank failures, followed by a 5-year depression
- Panic of 1847, started as a collapse of British financial markets associated with the end of the 1840s railway industry boom
- Panic of 1857, a U.S. recession with bank failures
- Panic of 1866, was an international financial downturn that accompanied the failure of Overend, Gurney and Company in London
- Great depression of British agriculture (1873–1896)
- Long Depression (1873–1896)
- Panic of 1873, a US recession with bank failures, followed by a four-year depression
- Panic of 1884
- Panic of 1890
- Panic of 1893, a US recession with bank failures
- Australian banking crisis of 1893
- Panic of 1896
20th century
1900s
- Panic of 1901, a U.S. economic recession that started with a fight for financial control of the Northern Pacific Railway
- Panic of 1907, a U.S. economic recession with bank failures
1920s
- Depression of 1920–1921, a U.S. economic recession following the end of WW1.
- Wall Street Crash of 1929 and Great Depression (1929–1939) the worst depression of modern history
1970s
- 1970s energy crisis
- OPEC oil price shock (1973)
- Energy crisis (1979)
- Secondary banking crisis (1973-1975) in the UK
- Latin American debt crisis (late 1970s to early 1980s), the "lost decade"
1980s
- Early 1980s Recession
- Chilean crisis of 1982
- 1983 Israel bank stock crisis
- Japanese asset price bubble (1986–1992)
- Black Monday (1987) US stock market crash
- Savings and loan crisis (1986-1995) failure of 1,043 out of the 3,234 S&L banks in the U.S.
1990s
- Special Period in Cuba (1990–1994)
- Early 1990s Recession
- Indian economic crisis (1991)
- Finnish banking crisis (1991–1993)
- Sweden financial crisis (1990-1994)
- Black Wednesday (1992)
- Mexican peso crisis (1994)
- Asian financial crisis (1997)
- Russian financial crisis (1998)
- Ecuador economic crisis (1998-1999)
- Argentine great depression (1998-2002)
- Samba effect (1999) Brazil
21st century
2000s
- Argentine great depression (1998-2002)
- Early 2000s recession
- Dot-com bubble (2000–2002) (US)
- Turkish economic crisis (2001)
- September 11 attacks (2001)
- Uruguay banking crisis (2002)
- Venezuelan general strike of 2002–03
- Finance company collapses, 2006–2012 (New Zealand)
- 2007–2008 financial crisis
- Great Recession (worldwide)
- 2000s energy crisis (2003–2009) oil price bubble
- Subprime mortgage crisis (US) (2007–2010)
- 2000s United States housing bubble and housing market correction (US) (2003–2011)
- 2008–2010 automotive industry crisis (US)
- 2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis
- 2008–2010 Irish banking crisis
- Great Recession in Russia
- 2008 Latvian financial crisis
- Venezuelan banking crisis of 2009–2010
- 2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis
2010s
- European debt crisis (EU) (2009–2019)
- Greek government-debt crisis (2009–2019)
- 2010–2014 Portuguese financial crisis
- 2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis (2012–2013)
- Crisis in Venezuela (2012–now)
- Russo-Ukrainian War (2014–now)
- Russian financial crisis (2014–2016)
- 2014 Brazilian economic crisis
- 2015–2016 Chinese stock market turbulence
- Turkish economic crisis (2018–current)
- 2018–present Argentine monetary crisis
2020s
- COVID-19 recession / Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–present day)
- 2020 stock market crash (2020)
- Black Monday (9 March)
- Black Thursday (12 March)
- 2020 stock market crash (2020)
- Lebanese liquidity crisis
- Sri Lankan economic crisis
- Chinese property sector crisis (2020–present)
- Pakistani economic crisis (2022–present)
- Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine
See also
- Financial crisis and economic collapse
- Currency crisis, hyperinflation and devaluation
- Banking crisis, credit crunch, bank run
- Savings and loan crisis
- Balance of payments crisis
- Depression (economics), recession, stagflation, jobless recovery
- Economic bubble, stock market bubble and real estate bubble
- Market correction, nominal price, equilibrium price
- Kondratiev wave, business cycle and business cycle models
- Boom and bust
- Involuntary unemployment
- Fictitious capital, Intrinsic value, Speculation
- Crisis theory, tendency of the rate of profit to fall, reserve army of labour
- Overproduction, underconsumption and demand shortfall
- Consolidation (business), industrial consolidation, market concentration
- Capital flight, capital strike, urban blight, deindustrialization
- Wage-price spiral
- List of stock market crashes and bear markets
- Stock market crashes in India
- List of banking crises
References
- "Tiberius Used Quantitative Easing To Solve The Financial Crisis of 33 AD". Business Insider. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
- "100 Most Important American Financial Crises". Retrieved 9 December 2014.
- Galbraith, J. K. (1990), A Short History of Financial Euphoria, New York: Penguin Books, ISBN 0-670-85028-4
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