Mainstream Kenyah language

Mainstream Kenyah, also known as Usun Apau and Bakung, is a Kenyah dialect cluster of North Kalimantan, Indonesia, and Sarawak, Malaysia. Dialects fall into four clusters:

  • Lepo’ Tau, Lepo’ Bem, Uma’ Jalan, Uma’ Tukung[2]
  • Lepo’ Ke, Lepo’ Kuda
  • Lepo’ Maut, Lepo’ Ndang, Badeng (Madang)[3]
  • Bakung, Lepo’ Tepu’ (Lepo Teppu’).
Kenyah
Lepo’
Bakung
Native toIndonesia, Malaysia
RegionBorneo
EthnicityKenyah
Native speakers
50,000 (2007–2013)[1]
Austronesian
Language codes
ISO 639-3xkl
Glottologmain1275

Phonology

Consonants
Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive/
Affricate		 voiceless p t̪ t͡ʃ k ʔ
voiced b d d͡ʒ g
Fricative s
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Trill r
Approximant w l j
  • Sounds /p, t̪/ can also occur as geminated [pː,  t̪ː] or as unreleased in word-final [p̚, t̪̚].

Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid ɛ ə ɔ
Open a
  • /i/ can also occur as lax [ɪ].
  • Sounds /a, u/ can also be heard as long [aː, uː].[4]

References
  1. Kenyah at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. also Lepo Jengan, Lepo Aga, Uma Ake, Lepo Ga, Lepo La’ang, Sambup, and Likan
  3. also Lepo Jamok
  4. Asih, Yuni Utami (2017). Inventory of Kenyah Lepo Tau Segmental Sounds.


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