Nanoviridae

Nanoviridae is a family of viruses.[1] Plants serve as natural hosts. There are currently 12 species in this family, divided among 2 genera and one unassigned species.[2] Diseases associated with this family include: stunting.[2][3][4]

Nanoviridae
Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV), genus Nanovirus
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Monodnaviria
Kingdom: Shotokuvirae
Phylum: Cressdnaviricota
Class: Arfiviricetes
Order: Mulpavirales
Family: Nanoviridae
Genera
  • Nanovirus
  • Babuvirus

Taxonomy

The recognized genera are:

  • Babuvirus
  • Nanovirus

The unassigned species is Coconut foliar decay virus.[2]

Virus structure and genome

Viruses in the family Nanoviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and round geometries, and T=1 symmetry. The diameter is around 18–19 nm.[2][3]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
NanovirusIcosahedralT=1Non-envelopedCircularSegmented
BabuvirusIcosahedralT=1Non-envelopedCircularSegmented

Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the ssDNA rolling circle model.[3] After infection of a host cell, the small DNA molecules that have become encapsidated with the genomic ssDNA act as primers. They bind to complementary regions and help in initiation of DNA synthesis by host polymerases. On completion of synthesis, there will be a double stranded intermediate that is transcribed unidirectionally. Most individual nanovirus particles only encode for a single protein. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear pore export, and tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a vector (aphids).[2][3]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
NanovirusPlants: legumesPhloemViral movement; mechanical inoculationSecretion; viral movementNucleusNucleusAphids
BabuvirusPlants: musa speciesPhloemViral movement; mechanical inoculationSecretion; viral movementNucleusNucleusAphids

References
  1. Thomas, JE; Gronenborn, B; Harding, RM; Mandal, B; Grigoras, I; Randles, JW; Sano, Y; Timchenko, T; Vetten, HJ; Yeh, HH; Ziebell, H; ICTV Report Consortium (12 January 2021). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Nanoviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 102 (3). doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001544. PMC 8515864. PMID 33433311.
  2. "ICTV Report Nanoviridae".
  3. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  4. ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 15 June 2015.
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