Neosuchia

Neosuchia is a clade within Mesoeucrocodylia that includes all modern extant crocodilians and their closest fossil relatives.[1] It is defined as the most inclusive clade containing all crocodylomorphs more closely related to Crocodylus niloticus (the Nile Crocodile) than to Notosuchus terrestris.[2] Members of Neosuchia generally share a crocodilian-like bodyform adapted to freshwater aquatic life, as opposed to the terrestrial habits of more basal crocodylomorph groups.[3] The earliest neosuchian is suggested to be the Early Jurassic Calsoyasuchus, which lived during the Sinemurian and Pliensbachian stages in North America. It is often identified as a member of Goniopholididae,[4] though this is disputed, and the taxon may lie outside Neosuchia, which places the earliest records of the group in the Middle Jurassic.[3]

Neosuchia
Temporal range: Early Jurassic - Recent,
Crocodylus niloticus, a modern crocodylid
Sarcosuchus imperator, a pholidosaurid from North Africa in the Early Cretaceous
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Archosauria
Clade: Pseudosuchia
Clade: Crocodylomorpha
Clade: Crocodyliformes
Clade: Metasuchia
Clade: Neosuchia
Subgroups

Characteristics

Members of Neosuchia have a wide diversity of skull shapes. Several groups convergently evolved elongate gharial-like skulls, which makes determining phylogenetic relationships of these taxa problematic.[5]

Classification

Phylogeny

Below is a cladogram showing the phylogenetic relationships of neosuchians from Buscalioni et al., 2011:[6]

Neosuchia

Theriosuchus

Goniopholis

Bernissartia fagesii

Susisuchus anatoceps

Las Hoyas neosuchian

Eusuchia

Isisfordia duncani

Hylaeochampsidae

Hylaeochampsa vectiana

Iharkutosuchus

Pietraroiasuchus ormezzanoi

Pachycheilosuchus trinquei

Crocodylia
Brevirostres

In 2012, paleontologists Mario Bronzati, Felipe Chinaglia Montefeltro, and Max C. Langer conducted a broad phylogenetic analysis to produce supertrees of Crocodyliformes, including 184 species. The most parsimonious trees were highly resolved, meaning the phylogenetic relationships found in the analysis were highly likely. Below is a consensus tree from the study:[7]

Neosuchia

Khoratosuchus jintasakuli

Stolokrosuchus lapparenti

Atoposauridae

Pachycheilosuchus trinquei

Montsecosuchus depereti

Atoposaurus

Alligatorellus beaumonti

Alligatorium

Sabresuchus symplesiodon

Theriosuchus pusillus

Theriosuchus guimarotae

Thalattosuchia

Pelagosaurus typus

Teleosauridae

"Mystriosaurus"

Platysuchus multiscrobiculatus

Steneosaurus larteti

Steneosaurus edwardsi

Steneosaurus durobrivensis

Steneosaurus boutilieri

Steneosaurus bollensis

Machimosaurus hugii

Steneosaurus priscus

Steneosaurus baroni

Steneosaurus leedsi

Steneosaurus heberti

Steneosaurus gracilirostris

Steneosaurus brevior

Steneosaurus pictaviensis

Peipehsuchus teleorhinus

Teleosaurus cadomensis

Steneosaurus megarhinus

Metriorhynchoidea

Teleidosaurus calvadosii

Eoneustes bathonicus

Eoneustes gaudryi

Metriorhynchus sp. Chile

Zoneait nargorum

M. aff. M. brachyrhynchus

Purranisaurus potens

Purranisaurus casamiquelai

Suchodus durobrivensis

Suchodus brachyrhynchus

Gracilineustes acutus

Gracilineustes leedsi

References
  1. Wilson, J. A.; Malkani, M. S.; Gingerich, P. D. (2001). "New crocodyliform (Reptilia, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Upper Cretaceous Pab Formation of Vitakri, Balochistan (Pakistan)" (PDF). Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 30 (12): 321–336. Retrieved 2009-11-02.
  2. Larsson, H. C. E.; Sidor, C. A.; Gado, B.; Gado, B (2001). "The giant crocodyliform Sarcosuchus from the Cretaceous of Africa" (PDF). Science. 294 (5546): 1516–1519. doi:10.1126/science.1066521. PMID 11679634. S2CID 22956704. Retrieved 2009-11-02.
  3. Wilberg, Eric W.; Turner, Alan H.; Brochu, Christopher A. (2019-01-24). "Evolutionary structure and timing of major habitat shifts in Crocodylomorpha". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 514. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9..514W. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-36795-1. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6346023. PMID 30679529.
  4. Tykoski, R. S.; Rowe, T. B.; Ketcham, R. A.; Colbert, M. W. (2002). "Calsoyasuchus valliceps, a new crocodyliform from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation of Arizona" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22 (3): 593–611. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0593:CVANCF]2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 2009-11-02.
  5. Groh, Sebastian S; Upchurch, Paul; Barrett, Paul M; Day, Julia J (2019-10-19). "The phylogenetic relationships of neosuchian crocodiles and their implications for the convergent evolution of the longirostrine condition". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz117. ISSN 0024-4082.
  6. Buscalioni, A.D.; Piras, P.; Vullo, R.; Signore, M.; Barbera, C. (2011). "Early eusuchia crocodylomorpha from the vertebrate-rich Plattenkalk of Pietraroia (Lower Albian, southern Apennines, Italy)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 163: S199–S227. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00718.x.
  7. Bronzati, M.; Montefeltro, F. C.; Langer, M. C. (2012). "A species-level supertree of Crocodyliformes". Historical Biology. 24 (6): 598–606. doi:10.1080/08912963.2012.662680. S2CID 53412111.
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