Outline of Middle-earth

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the real-world history and notable fictional elements of J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy universe. It covers materials created by Tolkien; the works on his unpublished manuscripts, by his son Christopher Tolkien; and films, games and other media created by other people.

Middle-earth – fantasy setting created by Tolkien, home to hobbits, orcs, ents, dragons, and many other races and creatures.

Primary sources

Authors

Published works
Further information: J. R. R. Tolkien bibliography

By J. R. R. Tolkien
Posthumously published

Edited by Douglas A. Anderson
  • The Annotated Hobbit (1988) – text of The Hobbit, with many related texts by Tolkien, edited and with commentary by Douglas A. Anderson (revised edition 2002)

Edited by Humphrey Carpenter

Edited by Carl F. Hostetter
  • The Nature of Middle-earth (2021) – essays and fragments, including on Elvish linguistics, with commentary by the scholar Carl F. Hostetter

Edited by John D. Rateliff
  • The History of The Hobbit (2007) – 2 volumes on the construction of The Hobbit with commentary by the scholar John D. Rateliff

Edited by Christopher Tolkien

These works present extended selections of Tolkien's legendarium (the large body of documents relating to The Silmarillion), with extensive notes and posthumous editing by his son Christopher. The separate 4-volume body of his comments on the drafts of The Lord of the Rings is included as volumes 6–9.

The History of Middle-earth
Early legendarium
1 The Book of Lost Tales 1 (1983)
2 The Book of Lost Tales 2 (1984)
3 The Lays of Beleriand (1985)
4 The Shaping of Middle-earth (1986)
5 The Lost Road and Other Writings (1987)
The History of The Lord of the Rings
6 [1] The Return of the Shadow (1988)
7 [2] The Treason of Isengard (1989)
8 [3] The War of the Ring (1990)
9 [4] Sauron Defeated (1992)
The later Silmarillion
10 [1] Morgoth's Ring (1993)
11 [2] The War of the Jewels (1994)
Further details
12 The Peoples of Middle-earth (1996)

Additional materials from the legendarium, with Christopher Tolkien's commentary.

Audio recordings
  • Poems and Songs of Middle Earth (1967) – poems read by Tolkien; songs sung by William Elvin, accompanied by composer Donald Swann (as published in The Road Goes Ever On)
  • J. R. R. Tolkien Reads and Sings his The Hobbit & The Lord of the Rings (1975), Caedmon TC 1477, TC 1478 (based on an August, 1952 recording by George Sayer)

Graphical works

Translations

Adaptations and developments
See also: Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien, Adaptations of The Hobbit, and Adaptations of The Lord of the Rings

Maps
Main article: Tolkien's maps

Spoken word
  • The Hobbit (1974) – Nicol Williamson recorded an abridged, dramatic version for Decca Records on the Argo label
  • The Lord of the Rings (1990) – unabridged recording by Rob Inglis for Recorded Books
  • The Hobbit (1991) – unabridged recording by Rob Inglis for Recorded Books
  • The Children of Húrin (2007) – Christopher Lee recorded an unabridged audiobook
  • The Hobbit (2020) – Andy Serkis live-streamed an unabridged reading to raise money for NHS Charities Together
  • The Hobbit (2020) – unabridged recording by Andy Serkis for HarperCollinsUK and Recorded Books
  • The Lord of the Rings (2021) – unabridged recording by Andy Serkis for HarperCollinsUK and Recorded Books

Radio
  • The Lord of the Rings (1955) – BBC: six 45-minute episodes for The Fellowship of the Ring, then six 30-minute episodes for all of The Two Towers and The Return of the King, adapted by Terence Tiller
  • The Hobbit (1968) – BBC: eight half-hour episodes, adapted by Michael Kilgarriff
  • The Lord of the Rings (1979) – National Public Radio: totalling over 11 hours, adapted by Bernard Mayes
  • The Lord of the Rings (1981) – BBC: 26 half-hour instalments, later re-cut to 13 hour-long instalments, adapted by Brian Sibley and Michael Bakewell
  • Der Herr der Ringe (1991) – Südwestrundfunk and Westdeutscher Rundfunk: German adaptation of The Lord of the Rings in 30 half-hour episodes, by Peter F. Steinbach

Films
Main article: Middle-earth in film
Further information: Peter Jackson's interpretation of The Lord of the Rings

Stage
  • Rob Inglis wrote and performed one-man adaptations of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings starting in the 1970s
  • Lord of the Rings (2006) – Musical staged in Toronto, re-written for London in 2007

Television

Tabletop games

Video games
Main article: Middle-earth in video games

Parodies

Geography

Cosmology of Eä
Main article: Cosmology of Tolkien's legendarium

Continents of Arda

Nations and regions
Main article: Geography of Middle-earth

Natural features

Cities and other populated places

History
See also: History of Arda

Artefacts

Events
First Age
Third Age

Characters
Main article: List of Middle-earth characters

First Age

House of Finwë

House of Elwë and Olwë

House of Marach

Others

Second Age

Third Age

Thorin and Company

The Fellowship of the Ring

Wizards:

Elves

Men

Other characters

Culture

Races
Main article: Middle-earth peoples

Ainur

Men

Monsters

Other

Languages
Main article: Languages of Middle-earth

Elvish languages

Other

Folklore and poetry

Analysis

Influences

Components

Literary devices

Sources
  • Antiquarianism
  • Beowulf
  • Celtic
  • Classical world
  • Finnish influences
  • Modern
  • Norse
  • Philology
  • Shakespeare

Themes
Main article: Themes of The Lord of the Rings

Music

Scholarship
Main pages: Tolkien research and Category:Tolkien studies

Institutions
  • Marion E. Wade Center
  • Signum University

Journals

Scholars

Biographical works
  • J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography (1977) – by Humphrey Carpenter
  • Tolkien and the Great War (2003) – by John Garth
  • The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary (2006) – by Peter Gilliver, Jeremy Marshall and Edmund Weiner

Works

See also
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