List of political ideologies
In social studies, a political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order. A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used. Some political parties follow a certain ideology very closely while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them. An ideology's popularity is partly due to the influence of moral entrepreneurs, who sometimes act in their interests. Political ideologies have two dimensions: (1) goals: how society should be organized; and (2) methods: the most appropriate way to achieve this goal.
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An ideology is a collection of ideas. Typically, each ideology contains certain ideas on what it considers to be the best form of government (e.g. autocracy or democracy) and the best economic system (e.g. capitalism or socialism). The same word is sometimes used to identify both an ideology and one of its main ideas. For instance, socialism may refer to an economic system, or it may refer to an ideology that supports that economic system. The same term may also refer to multiple ideologies, which is why political scientists try to find consensus definitions for these terms. For example, while the terms have been conflated at times, communism has come in common parlance and in academics to refer to Soviet-type regimes and Marxist–Leninist ideologies, whereas socialism has come to refer to a wider range of differing ideologies which are most often distinct from Marxism–Leninism.[1]
Political ideology is a term fraught with problems, having been called "the most elusive concept in the whole of social science".[2] While ideologies tend to identify themselves by their position on the political spectrum (such as the left, the centre or the right), they can be distinguished from political strategies (e.g. populism as it is commonly defined) and from single issues around which a party may be built (e.g. civil libertarianism and support or opposition to European integration), although either of these may or may not be central to a particular ideology. Several studies show that political ideology is heritable within families.[3][4][5][6][7]
The following list is strictly alphabetical and attempts to divide the ideologies found in practical political life into several groups, with each group containing ideologies that are related to each other. The headers refer to the names of the best-known ideologies in each group. The names of the headers do not necessarily imply some hierarchical order or that one ideology evolved out of the other. Instead, they are merely noting that the ideologies in question are practically, historically, and ideologically related to each other. As such, one ideology can belong to several groups and there is sometimes considerable overlap between related ideologies. The meaning of a political label can also differ between countries and political parties often subscribe to a combination of ideologies.
Anarchism
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Anarchy symbol
- Political internationals
- Anarkismo (platformism and specifism)
- International of Anarchist Federations (synthesis anarchism)
- International Confederation of Labor (anarcho-syndicalism and revolutionary syndicalism)
- International Union of Anarchists (anarcho-communism)
- International Workers' Association (anarcho-syndicalism)
Classical
- Individualist anarchism
- Egoist anarchism
- Communist egoism
- Illegalism
- Expropriative anarchism
- Existentialist anarchism
- Philosophical anarchism
- Egoist anarchism
- Libertarianism
- Mutualism
- Social anarchism
- Anarcho-communism
- Anarcho-syndicalism
- Collectivist anarchism
Post-classical
- Anarcha-feminism
- Anarchism without adjectives
- Synthesis anarchism
- Anarcho-pacifism
- Green anarchism
- Anarcho-naturism
- Anarcho-primitivism
- Communalism
- Eco-communalism
- Libertarian municipalism
- Social ecology
- Veganarchism
- Insurrectionary anarchism
- Makhaevism
- Platformism
- Makhnovism
- Specifism
Contemporary
- Anarcho-transhumanism
- Black anarchism
- Free-market anarchism
- Post-anarchism
- Post-colonial anarchism
- Post-left anarchism
- Queer anarchism
Opposition
Religious variants
- Buddhist anarchism
- Christian anarchism
- Catholic Worker Movement
- Diggers
- Tolstoyan movement
- Hindu anarchism
- Islamic anarchism
- Jewish anarchism
- Orthodox Jewish anarchism
African
- Algeria
- Egypt
- Morocco
- Nigeria
- South Africa
- Tunisia
American
- Latin America
- Argentina
- Bolivia
- Brazil
- Chile
- Colombia
- Cuba
- Ecuador
- French Guiana
- Mexico
- Neo-Zapatism
- Magonism
- Zapatism
- Puerto Rico
- Venezuela
- North America
- Canada
- United States
- Individualist anarchism
Asian
- Armenia
- Azerbaijan
- Bangladesh
- China
- Hong Kong
- East Timor
- Egypt
- Georgia
- India
- Indonesia
- Israel
- Japan
- Korea
- Malaysia
- Mongolia
- Philippines
- Singapore
- Syria
- Democratic confederalism
- Turkey
- Vietnam
European
- France
- Individualist anarchism
- Germany
- Greece
- Iceland
- Ireland
- Italy
- Monaco
- Poland
- Romania
- Russia
- Narodnism
- Spain
- Sweden
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom
Oceanian
- Australia
- New Zealand
Authoritarianism
General
- Absolute monarchism
- Autocracy
- Caudillismo
- Despotism
- Soft despotism
- Dictatorship
- Benevolent dictatorship
- Constitutional dictatorship
- Dictablanda
- Family dictatorship
- Military dictatorship
- Stratocracy
- Right-wing dictatorship
- Imperialism
- Civilizing mission
- Colonialism
- Exploitation colonialism
- Internal colonialism
- Neocolonialism
- Settler colonialism
- Cultural imperialism
- Linguistic imperialism
- Expansionism
- Kraterocracy
- Mafia state
- Managerial state
- Ochlocracy
- Oligarchy
- One-party state
- Plutocracy
- Corporatocracy
- Police state
- Counterintelligence state
- Soft authoritarianism
- Soft despotism
- Totalitarianism
- Totalitarian democracy
- Transnational authoritarianism
Other
- Anti-democratism
- Authoritarian capitalism
- Corporate capitalism
- State capitalism
- Authoritarian socialism
- Leninism
- Stalinism
- Trotskyism
- Juche
- Castroism
- Titoism
- Marxism–Leninism
- Anti-revisionary Marxism
- Hoxhaism
- Maoism
- Blanquism
- Fitzhughism
- Leninism
- Authoritarian conservatism
- Authoritarian democracy
- Authoritarian populism
- Byzantinism
- Digital authoritarianism
- Ecoauthoritarianism
- Liberal autocracy
- Minoritarianism
- Neo-feudalism
- Far-right ultranationalist authoritarianism
- Fascism
- Falangism
- National Socialism (Nazism)
- Neo-fascism
- Neo-Nazism
- National Bolshevism
- Nazi-Maoism
- Neo-Legionarism
- Third Positionism
- Neo-Nazism
- Fascism
Opposition
- Anti-fascism
- Anti-monarchism
- Decolonization
Religious variants
African
- Central African Republic
- Congo
- Egypt
- Equatorial Guinea
- Libya
- South Africa
- Sudan
- Uganda
- Zimbabwe
American
- Argentina
- Bolivia
- Brazil
- Chile
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Guatemala
- Haiti
- Honduras
- Mexico
- Nicaragua
- Panama
- Paraguay
- United States
- Venezuela
Asian
- Afghanistan
- Cambodia
- China
- Indonesia
- Iraq
- Iran
- Japan
- Kazakhstan
- Myanmar
- North Korea
- Pakistan
- Philippines
- Saudi Arabia
- South Korea
- Ilminism
- Syria
- Tajikistan
- Thailand
- Turkey
- Turkmenistan
- United Arab Emirates
- Uzbekistan
Communitarianism
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| Communitarianism |
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General
- Christian democracy
- Communitarian corporatism
- Radical centrism
- Third Way
- Distributism
- Mutualism
- Democratic confederalism
Other
- Christian socialism
- Pre-Marxist communism
- Primitive communism
- Religious communism
- Christian communism
- Islamic communism
- Jewish communism
- Utopian socialism
- Eurasianism
Regional variants
- Kibbutz
- Obshchina
- Singapore
- Zadruga
Communism
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| Communism |
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 Socialism portal |
- Political internationals
- Committee for a Workers' International (Trotskyism)
- Committee for Revolutionary International Regroupment (Trotskyism)
- Coordinating Committee for the Refoundation of the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- Fourth International (ICR) (Trotskyism)
- Fourth International (post-reunification) (Trotskyism)
- Fourth International Posadist (Trotskyism)
- International Bolshevik Tendency (Trotskyism)
- International Committee of the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- International Communist Current (left communism)
- International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist) (Trotskyism)
- International Communist Party (left communism)
- International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (International Newsletter) (Maoism)
- International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle) (Hoxhaism)
- International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations (anti-revisionism)
- International League of Peoples' Struggle (Marxism–Leninism–Maoism)
- International Marxist Tendency (orthodox Trotskyism)
- International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties (Marxism–Leninism)
- International Socialist Alternative (Trotskyism)
- International Socialist Tendency (neo-Trotskyism)
- International Workers League – Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- International Workers' Unity – Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- Internationalist Communist Tendency (left communism)
- Internationalist Communist Union (Trotskyism)
- League for the Fifth International (Trotskyism)
- League for the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- Liaison Committee for the Reconstruction of the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- Revolutionary Communist International (Trotskyism)
- Trotskyist Fraction – Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- United Secretariat of the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- World Socialist Movement (anti-Leninism, classical Marxism, impossibilism and international socialism)
- Workers International to Rebuild the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
Authoritarian
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| Marxism–Leninism |
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- Barracks communism
- Nechayevshchina
- Blanquism
- Nechayevism
- Tkachevism
Leninism
- Democratic centralism
- Marxism–Leninism
- Trotskyism
- Neo-Trotskyism
- Pabloism
- Posadism
- Third camp Trotskyism
- Orthodox Trotskyism
- Neo-Trotskyism
- Vanguardism
- War communism
Marxism–Leninism
- Brezhnevism
- Brezhnev Doctrine
- Real socialism
- Castroism
- Ceaușism
- Dubčekism
- Gorbachevism
- Guevarism
- Focalism
- Ho Chi Minh Thought
- Kaysone Phomvihane Thought
- Hoxhaism
- Husakism
- Juche
- Kimilsungism
- Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism
- Songun
- Kadarism
- Khrushchevism
- De-Stalinization
- Khrushchev Thaw
- Maoism
- Khmer Rouge ideology
- Maoism–Third Worldism
- Third Worldism
- Third World socialism
- New Synthesis
- Mao-Spontex
- Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
- Gonzalo Thought
- Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path
- National Democracy
- Naxalism
- Socialism with Chinese characteristics
- Deng Xiaoping Theory
- Mao Zedong Thought
- Scientific Outlook on Development
- Three Principles of the People
- Three Represents
- Xi Jinping Thought
- Marxist–Leninist atheism
- Scientific communism
- Stalinism
- Anti-revisionism
- Neo-Stalinism
- Socialism in one country
- National communism
- National Bolshevism
- Socialist patriotism
- Soviet socialist patriotism
- Soviet nostalgia
- Soviet socialist patriotism
- Soviet antisemitism
- Left-wing antisemitism
- Soviet anti-Zionism
- Titoism
- Đilasism
- Rankovićism
- Socialist nationalism
- Socialist Yugoslavism
- Yugo-nostalgia
- Socialist Yugoslavism
Libertarian
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| Anarcho-communism |
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An Anarchist A laid over a Communist Hammer and sickle.
- Anarcho-communism
- Egoist communism
- Communard movement
- Marxism
Marxism
- Classical Marxism
- Orthodox Marxism
- Impossibilism
- World Socialist Movement
- Kautskyism
- Impossibilism
- Orthodox Marxism
- Libertarian Marxism
- Autonomism
- Workerism
- Left communism
- Bordigism
- Communization
- Council communism
- Spartacism
- Luxemburgism
- Socialisme ou Barbarie
- Solidarity
- Situationism
- Spontaneism
- Ultra-leftism
- Mao-Spontex
- Marxism–De Leonism
- Neo-Trotskyism
- Chaulieu–Montal tendency
- Johnson–Forest tendency
- Third camp
- Shachtmanism
- Left Shachtmanism
- Shachtmanism
- Open Marxism
- Autonomism
- Western Marxism
- Austro-Marxism
- Frankfurt School
- Freudo-Marxism
- Hegelian Marxism
- Marxist humanism
- Budapest School
- Praxis School
- Neo-Marxism
- Analytical Marxism
- Conflict theories
- Dependency theory
- Social conflict theory
- World-systems theory
- Freudo–Marxism
- Gramscianism
- Neo-Gramscianism
- Instrumental Marxism
- Neue Marx-Lektüre
- Political Marxism
- Structural Marxism
- Post-Marxism
- Radical democracy
- Abahlali baseMjondolo
- Landless Workers' Movement
- Piqueteros
- Zapatistas
- Radical democracy
Other
- Agrarian communism
- Centrist Marxism
- Eco-communism
- Eurocommunism
- Fully automated luxury communism
- International communism
- Marxist democracy
- National communism
- Nihilist communism
- Primitive communism
- Pre-Marxist communism
- Queer communism
- World communism
Opposition
Religious variants
- Christian communism
- Bruderhofs
- Diggers
- Hutterites
- Shakers
- Islamic communism
- Jewish communism
African
- Angola
- Benin
- Congo
- Egypt
- Eritrea
- Ethiopia
- Mozambique
- Somalia
- South Africa
- Trotskyism
- Tanzania
- Tunisia
American
- Canada
- Quebec
- Chile
- Colombia
- Cuba
- Grenada
- Peru
- Shining Path
- United States
Asian
- Afghanistan
- Armenia
- Azerbaijan
- Cambodia
- Khmer Rouge
- Salvation Front
- China
- New Left
- Ultra-left
- India
- Kerala
- Naxalism
- Georgia
- Indonesia
- Sumatra
- Iran
- Israel
- Japan
- New Left
- Kazakhstan
- Korea
- North Korea
- South Korea
- Kurdistan
- Kyrgyzstan
- Laos
- Mongolia
- Nepal
- Palestine
- Pakistan
- Philippines
- Soviet Union
- Tajikistan
- Thailand
- Turkey
- Turkmenistan
- Uzbekistan
- Vietnam
- Trotskyism
- Yemen
European
- Albania
- Bosnia, and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Belarus
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Czechoslovakia
- Bohemia and Moravia
- Slovakia
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- East Germany
- West Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Italy
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Macedonia
- Moldova
- Montenegro
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- National communism
- Russia
- Bolshevism
- Bolsheviks
- Centre
- Kamenevism
- Stalinism
- Zinovievism
- Left Opposition
- Left communism
- Group of Democratic Centralism
- Left–Right Bloc
- Trotskyism
- United Opposition
- Workers' Opposition
- Workers Group of the Russian Communist Party
- Workers' Truth
- Old Bolsheviks
- Recallists
- Ultimatists
- Right Opposition
- Anti-Party Group
- Bukharinism
- Noginism
- Rykovism
- Tomskyism
- Gang of Eight
- Left–Right Bloc
- Soyuz
- Union of Marxist–Leninists
- Centre
- Bolsheviks
- Bolshevism
- Serbia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom
- Trotskyism
- Neo-Trotskyism
- Trotskyism
- Yugoslavia
Oceanian
- Australia
- New Zealand
Conservatism
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- Political internationals
- International Democrat Union (conservatism)
- International Monarchist League (monarchism)
General
- Authoritarian conservatism
- Bioconservatism
- Black conservatism
- Civic conservatism
- Classical conservatism
- Conservative corporatism
- Conservative liberalism
- Cultural conservatism
- Fiscal conservatism
- Green conservatism
- LGBT conservatism
- Liberal conservatism
- Libertarian conservatism
- Fusionism
- Libertarian Republicanism
- Paleolibertarianism
- Western conservatism
- Monarchism
- Absolute monarchism
- Enlightened absolutism
- Patriarchalism
- Constitutional monarchism
- Crowned republic
- Absolute monarchism
- National conservatism
- Ethnic nationalism
- Neoconservatism
- Paleoconservatism
- Paleolibertarianism
- Paternalistic conservatism
- Compassionate conservatism
- Conservative socialism
- Conservative welfarism
- Progressive conservatism
- Right-wing populism
- Social conservatism
- Anti-abortion movement
- Anti-feminism
- Anti-LGBT movement
- Social Darwinism
- Kraterocracy
- Theoconservatism
- Christian right
- State religion
- Antidisestablishmentarianism
- Caesaropapism
- Dominionism
- Theocracy
- Theonomy
- Ultramontanism
- Traditionalist conservatism
Reactionary
- Absolutism
- Alt-lite movement
- Alt-right movement
- Authoritarian capitalism
- Illiberalism
- Guided democracy
- Inverted totalitarianism
- Imperialism
- Integralism
- Irredentism
- Neo-feudalism
- Neo-nationalism
- Neo-reactionary movement
- Oligarchy
- Aristocracy
- Plutocracy
- Timocracy
- Reactionary modernism
- Reactionary populism
- Revanchism
- Segregationism
- Theocracy
Opposition
- Anti anti-communism
- Anti-establishmentarianism
- Anti-monarchism
- Cultural liberalism
- Cultural radicalism
- Radicalism
- Revolutionarism
- Postmodernism
- Progressivism
Religious variants
- Christian right
- Christian fundamentalism
- Traditionalist Catholicism
- Radical traditional Catholicism
- Hindu fundamentalism
- Islamism
- Islamic fundamentalism
- Jewish Conservatism
- Religious Zionism
African
- Egypt
- Gabon
- Ghana
- Ivory Coast
- Kenya
- Liberia
- Malawi
- Morocco
- Niger
- Nigeria
- South Africa
- Sudan
- Uganda
American
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- Latin America
- Brazil
- Bolsonarism
- Modern conservatism
- Monarchism
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- Chile
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- Trumpism
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United States
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- Blue Dogs
- Jacksonianism
- Southern democratism
- Confederatism
- Neo-confederatism
- Dixiecratism
- Segregationism
- Southern nationalism
- Confederatism
- Federalism
- Classical conservatism
- New Federalism
- McCarthyism
- Nativism
- Know Nothing movement
- New Right
- Old Right
- Paleoconservatism
- Paleolibertarianism
- Republicanism
- Conservative republicanism
- Libertarian republicanism
- Moderate republicanism
- Main Street republicanism
- Republican Main Street Partnership
- Tuesday Group
- Main Street republicanism
- Modern conservatism
- Movement conservatism
- Reaganism
- Tea Party movement
- Trumpism
- Christian Trumpism
- QAnon
Asian
- China
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- Localism
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- India
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- Abeism
- Monarchism
- Neoconservatism
- Pakistan
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- Conservative democracy
- Erdoganism
- Conservative democracy
European
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- Ancient Rome
- Belgium
- Denmark
- Finland
- France
- Bonapartism
- Gaullism
- LePenism
- Monarchism
- Legitimism
- Orléanism
- Ultra-royalism
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- Revolutionary France
- Ancien Régime
- Chouannerie
- Historical Right
- Thermidorians
- Germany
- Bismarkianism
- Conservative socialism
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- Berlusconism
- Liberal conservatism
- Sanfedismo
- Luxembourg
- Poland
- Golden Liberty
- Sarmatism
- Modern conservatism
- Golden Liberty
- Norway
- Russia
- Monarchism
- Octobrism
- Modern conservatism
- Putinism
- Chekism
- Nashism
- Eurasianism
- Neo-Sovietism
- Neo-Stalinism
- Chekism
- Putinism
- Monarchism
- Serbia
- Spain
- Falangism
- Francoism
- Integrism
- Monarchism
- Carlism
- Hugism
- Carlism
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- Switzerland
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom
- Butskellism
- Cavaliers
- Jacobitism
- Monarchism
- Nativism
- Neoconservatism
- One-nation conservatism
- Cameronism
- Big Society
- Muscular liberalism
- Johnsonism
- Cameronism
- Thatcherism
- Blatcherism
- Toryism
- High Toryism
- Johnsonism
- Powellism
- Tory anarchism
- Tory democracy
- Tory socialism
- Ultra-Toryism
- High Toryism
Oceanian
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- Fiji
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Corporatism
| Corporatism |
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General
- Absolutist corporatism
- Communitarian corporatism
- Conservative corporatism
- Economic corporatism
- Fascist corporatism
- Kinship corporatism
- Liberal corporatism
- National corporatism
- Neo-corporatism
- Neo-liberalism
- Progressive corporatism
- Social corporatism
- Solidar corporatism
- State corporatism
Other
- Consociationalism
- Cooperativism
- Corporate welfarism
- Guild socialism
- Guildism
- Managerialism
- Mutualist movement
- National syndicalism
Religious variants
- Christian corporatism
Regional variants
Western Europe
- Austria
- Belgium
- France
- National syndicalism
- Yellow socialism
- Germany
- Bismarkianism
- Conservative socialism
- State socialism
- Conservative revolutionary movement
- Fascist corporatism
- Prussian socialism
- Ordoliberalism
- Bismarkianism
- Ireland
- Italy
- Christian democratic corporatism
- Consociationalism
- Fascist corporatism
- National syndicalism
- Christian democratic corporatism
- Luxembourg
- Portugal
- National syndicalism
- Netherlands
- Spain
- Fascist corporatism
- National syndicalism
- Switzerland
Democracy
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| Democracy |
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Politics portal |
General
- Associative democracy
- Bioregional democracy
- Bourgeois democracy
- Cellular democracy
- Conservative democracy
- Constitutional democracy
- Cosmopolitan democracy
- Defensive democracy
- Economic democracy
- E-democracy
- Collaborative e-democracy
- E-government
- E-participation
- Interactive democracy
- Ethnic democracy
- Herrenvolk democracy
- Guided democracy
- Liquid democracy
- Market democracy
- Media democracy
- Multiparty democracy
- Non-partisan democracy
- Participatory democracy
- Pluralist democracy
- Procedural democracy
- Proletarian democracy
- Racial democracy
- Radical democracy
- Representative democracy
- Council democracy
- Electoral democracy
- Ethnocracy
- Liberal democracy
- Democratic liberalism
- Illiberal democracy
- Parliamentary democracy
- Presidential democracy
- Totalitarian democracy
- Republican democracy
- Revolutionary democracy
- Sectarian democracy
- Semi-democracy
- Semi-direct democracy
- Social democracy
- Socialist democracy
- Economic democracy
- Council democracy
- Inclusive democracy
- Industrial democracy
- Soviet democracy
- Workplace democracy
- Marxist democracy
- Marxist–Leninist democracy
- New Democracy
- People's democracy
- People's dictatorship democracy
- Economic democracy
- Sovereign democracy
- Substantive democracy
- Tory democracy
Other
- Demarchism
- Democratic capitalism
- Democratic centralism
- Democratic confederalism
- Democratic globalization
- Democratic mundialization
- Democratic republicanism
- Democratic socialism
- Democratic transhumanism
- Majoritarianism
- Producerism
- Sortitionism
Direct democracy movements
- Anticipatory democracy
- Anti-corruption movements
- Anti-establishmentarianism
- Anti-particracy movements
- Cellular democracy
- Collaborative governance
- Consensus democracy
- Copyright reform movements
- Council democracy
- Cyber-utopianism
- Deliberative democracy
- Delegative democracy
- Dynamic governance
- E-democracy
- Economic democracy
- Empowered democracy
- Grassroots democracy
- Inclusive Democracy
- Localism
- Marxist democracy
- Net neutrality movements
- Open-source governance
- Pirate politics
- Popular democracy
- Producerism
- Semi-direct democracy
Pirate politics
Pirate politics | |
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| Ideology | Anti-corruption Civil libertarianism Civil rights Direct democracy E-democracy Participatory democracy Social liberalism |
- Political internationals
- Pirate Parties International (pirate politics)
- Anti-copyright movement
- Copyleft movement
- Copyright abolitionism
- Free-culture movement
- Anti-corruption movement
- Civil rights movement
- Civil libertarianism
- Direct democracy
- Economic democracy
- E-democracy
- Participatory democracy
- Free speech movement
- Information privacy movement
- Net neutrality movement
- Free and open-source software
- Free software movement
- Open-source-software movement
Opposition
- Anti-democratism
Christian democracy
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Populism
| Part of the Politics series |
| Populism |
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Politics portal |
- Political internationals
- Foro de São Paulo (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, social democracy and socialism of the 21st century)
- The Movement (neo-nationalism and right-wing populism)
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General
- Conservative populism
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Left-wing populism
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Right-wing populism
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Other
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European
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Progressivism
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General
- Economic progressivism
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Other
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Opposition
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Religio-political ideologies
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General
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Political atheism and agnosticism
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Political Baháʼí Faith
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- opposition
Political Buddhism
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Political Christianity
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| Integralism |
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- Caesaropapism
- Christian antisemitism
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- Brazilian
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- Maurrassisme
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- Jesuism
- Political Catholicism
- Catholic Worker Movement
- Ultramontanism
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- Political Mormonism
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- Theodemocracy
Political Confucianism
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Political Hinduism
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Political indigenous religions
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Political Islam
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- Gülen movement
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Political Judaism
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Political Neopaganism
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Political Shinto
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Political Sikhism
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Political Taoism
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Political Zoroastrianism
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Satirical and anti-politics
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Social democracy
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General
- Labourism
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Other
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Oceanian
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Socialism
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- Political internationals
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- Progressive International (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, progressivism and social democracy)
- Socialist International (democratic socialism and social democracy)
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General
- Democratic socialism
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Authoritarian
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- African socialism
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Libertarian
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- Anarchism
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- Mutualism
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- Proudhonian socialism
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Other
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Opposition
Religious variants
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African
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American
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- Caribbean
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- Chile
- Colombia
- Costa Rica
- Figuerism
- Ecuador
- Mexico
- Magonism
- Zapatism
- Neo-Zapatism
- Zapatistas
- Neo-Zapatism
- Nicaragua
- Sandinismo
- Paraguay
- Uruguay
- Venezuela
- North America
- Canada
- United States
- African-American leftism
- American Left
Asian
- Afghanistan
- Armenia
- Azerbaijan
- Bangladesh
- Bukharan
- Cambodia
- China
- Chinese Soviet Republic
- Hong Kong
- Kuomintang
- Tridemism
- Georgia
- India
- Gandhian socialism
- Nehruism
- Indonesia
- Iran
- Israel
- Japan
- Kazakhstan
- Kyrgyzstan
- Korea
- North Korea
- South Korea
- Laos
- Mongolia
- Myanmar
- Nepal
- Pakistan
- Palestine
- Pakistan
- Philippines
- Syria
- Democratic confederalism
- Tajikistan
- Turkey
- Turkmenistan
- Uzbekistan
- Vietnam
- Trotskyism
- Yemen
European
- Albania
- Andorra
- Bosnia, and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Byelarus
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Czechoslovakia
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Commune of the Working People of Estonia
- Finland
- Left Alliance
- France
- Jacobinism
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Iceland
- Ireland
- Italy
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Macedonia
- Moldova
- Montenegro
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Socialist nationalism
- Social Democratic Party
- Russia
- Narodniks
- Bolsheviks
- Centre
- Kamenevism
- Stalinism
- Zinovievism
- Left Opposition
- Old Bolsheviks
- Recallists
- Ultimatists
- Right Opposition
- Bukharinism
- Noginism
- Rykovism
- Tomskyism
- Centre
- Soviet democracy
- Serbia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom
- Yugoslavia
Oceanian
- Australia
- Melanesia
- New Zealand
Syndicalism
| Part of a series on |
| Syndicalism |
|---|
 |
|
- Political internationals
- International Confederation of Labor (anarcho-syndicalism and revolutionary syndicalism)
- International Workers' Association (anarcho-syndicalism)
General
- Anarcho-syndicalism
- Co-operatism
- De Leonism
- Revolutionary syndicalism
- Sorelianism
- Wobblyism
Other
- Council communism
- Democratic socialism
- Guild socialism
- Libertarian socialism
- National syndicalism
- France
- Italy
- Portugal
- Spain
- Social anarchism
- Social democracy
- Orthodox Marxism
- Utopian socialism
Opposition
Regional variants
- Argentina
- Brazil
- France
- Germany
- Italy
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Russia
- Spain
- Sweden
- United Kingdom
- United States
Transhumanism
| Transhumanism |
|---|
 |
| Concepts in Transhumanism |
|
| Subsets of Transhumanism |
|
| Political ideologies |
|
- Political internationals
- Humanity+ (transhumanist politics)
General
- Anarcho-transhumanism
- Democratic transhumanism
- Libertarian transhumanism
Other
- Anti-aging movement
- Extropianism
- Immortalism
- Post-genderism
- Post-politicism
- Singularitarianism
- Technogaianism
- Techno-progressivism
Regional variants
- United States
See also
- Direct democracy
- Ideology
- List of communist ideologies
- List of forms of government
- List of ideologies named after people
- List of political systems in France
- Participatory democracy
- Political international
- Political party
- Representative democracy
- Suffrage
References
- Roberts, Andrew (2004). The State of Socialism: A Note on Terminology. Cambridge University Press. 63 (2). 349–366.
- D. McLellan, Ideology, University of Minnesota Press, 1986, p. 1.
- Bouchard, T. J.; McGue, M. (2003). "Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences". Journal of Neurobiology. 54 (1). 44–45.
- Eaves, L. J.; Eysenck, H. J. (1974). "Genetics and the development of social attitudes". Nature. 249, 288–289.
- Hatemi, P. K.; Medland, S. E.; Morley, K. I.; Heath, A. C.; Martin, N. G. (2007). "The genetics of voting: An Australian twin study". Behavior Genetics. 37 (3). 435–448.
- Hatemi, P. K.; Hibbing, J.; Alford, J.; Martin, N.; Eaves, L. (2009). "Is there a 'party' in your genes?". Political Research Quarterly. 62 (3). 584–600.
- Settle, J. E.; Dawes, C. T.; Fowler, J. H. (2009). "The heritability of partisan attachment". Political Research Quarterly. 62 (3). 601–613.
External links
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