
Taxonavigation
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Protozoa 
Subregnum: Eozoa 
Infraregnum: Euglenozoa 
Phylum: Euglenozoa 
Subphylum: Plicostoma 
Classis: Euglenoidea 
Subclasses: Aphagia – Euglenia – Peranemea – Petalomonadia
Genera (incertae sedis): 
Atraktomonas –
Bordnamonas –
Colacium –
Dolium –
Embryocola –
Postgaardia –
Rapaza –
Rhizaspis
Genus (invalid, unaccepted): Astasia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1830
Name
Euglenoidea or Euglenophyceae Schoenichen in Eyferth, Einfach. Lebensf. Tier- Pfl.-Reich. ed. 5, 1: 198-199 (“Eugleninae”), pro zool. cl.
Synonyms or similar groups
- Euglenida Stein, 1878 (sensu stricto); Simpson, 1997 (sensu lato)
 - Euglenidae Stein, 1878, emend. Kent, 1880 (not Seidlitz, 1875, Coleoptera)
 - Euglenoidina Bütschli, 1884; Blochmann, 1895
 - Euglenineae Senn, 1900
 - Eugleninae Lemmermann, 1913; Schoenichen, 1925
 - "euglenoids" Walton, 1915
 - Euglenophyta Pascher, 1931
 - Euglenophyceae Shoenichen, 1925 orth. em. Smith, 1933; Rothmaler, 1951
 - Euglenales Leedale, 1967
 - Euglenoida Cavalier-Smith, 1978, 1993
 - Euglenozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1981, pro parte
 - Euglenidea de Puytorac et al., 1987; Fernández-Galiano, 1990
 - Euglenia Cavalier-Smith, 1993
 - Euglenea Busse & Preisfeld, 2002 (not Heller, 1896, Coleoptera)
 - Euglenophycidae Busse & Preisfeld, 2002
 
References
- Thomas Cavalier-Smith, The excavate protozoan phyla Metamonada Grassé emend. (Anaeromonadea, Parabasalia, Carpediemonas, Eopharyngia) and Loukozoa emend. (Jakobea, Malawimonas): their evolutionary affinities and new higher taxa, Internat. Journal of Syst. and Evol. Microbiol. 53, 1741-1758 (2003).
 - Thomas Cavalier-Smith, Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa, Europ. J. Protistol. 39, 338-348 (2003).
 - Euglenoidea in the World Register of Marine Species
 - WoRMS : Euglenoidea incertae sedis
 
Vernacular names
eesti: Eugleniidid
français: Euglénophytes, Euglénoïdes
日本語: ユーグレナ藻
中文: 裸藻綱
Alternative classifications
Lankester (1885, 1891)
Lankester, E. R. (1885). Article "Protozoa". In: Encyclopaedia Britannica (9th ed.), 19: 830–866, .
Lankester, E. R. (1891). Article "Protozoa". In: Zoological Articles Contributed to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, .
- Protozoa
- Grade A. Gymnomyxa
 - Grade B. Corticata
- Section Stomatophora
- Class II. Flagellata
- Order 2. Euglenoidea Bütschli
 
 
 - Class II. Flagellata
 
 - Section Stomatophora
 
 
Rothmaler (1951)
Rothmaler, Werner. (1951). Die Abteilungen und Klassen der Pflanzen. Feddes Rep Spec Nov Reg Veg 3: 256–266, , .
Huber-Pestalozzi (1955)
Huber-Pestalozzi, G. (ed.). Das Phytoplankton des Süßwassers. Theil 4. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1955. Werke.
[See Algae]
- X. Klasse: Euglenophyceae
- 1. Reihe: Gefärbte Eugleninen
- Familie Euglenaceae
 - Familie Euglenocapsaceae (fam. nov.)
 
 - 2. Reihe: Farblose Eugleninen
- Familie Cyclidiopsidaceae (fam. nov.)
 - Familie Astasiaceae
 - Familie Peranemaceae
 - Familie Rhychopodaceae
 - Familie Rhizaspidaceae
 - Familie Protaspidaceae
 
 
 - 1. Reihe: Gefärbte Eugleninen
 
Leedale (1967)
Leedale, G. F. (1967), Euglenoid Flagellates. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 242 p., .
Phylum Euglenophyta [botanical classification]
- Class Euglenophyceae
- Order Eutreptiales
 - Order Euglenales
 - Order Rhabdomonadales
 - Order Sphenomonadales
 - Order Heteronematales
 - Order Euglenamorphales
 
 
Phylum Protozoa
- Division Flagellata
- Class Euglenida or Euglenineae [zoological classification]
- Order Euglenida
- Suborder Eutreptiina
 - Suborder Euglenina
 - Suborder Rhabdomonadina
 - Suborder Sphenomonadina
 - Suborder Heteronematina
 - Suborder Euglenamorphina
 
 
 - Order Euglenida
 
 - Class Euglenida or Euglenineae [zoological classification]
 
Walne & Kivic in Margulis et al. (1990[1989])
Walne, P.L. & Kivic, P.A., 1990[1989]. 15. Phylum Euglenida. In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, D.J. Chapman (ed.). Handbook of Protoctista. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, p. 270-287. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), .
Kingdom Protoctista
- Section III: Phyla with flagellated stages, but without complex sexual cycles
- Phylum 15. Euglenida
- Class Euglenophyceae
- Order Eutreptiales
 - Order Euglenales
 - Order Rhabdomonadales
 - Order Sphenomonadales
 - Order Heteronematales
 - Order Euglenamorphales
 
 
 - Class Euglenophyceae
 
 - Phylum 15. Euglenida
 
Hausmann et al. (1996)
From Hausmann, K., N. Hülsmann. Protozoology. Thieme Verlag; New York, 1996.
Empire Eukaryota
- Kingdom Mastigota
- Subkingdom Dimastigota
- Superphylum Metakaryota
- Phylum Euglenozoa
- Subphylum Euglenida
- Class Euglenoidea
 - Class Hemimastigophorea
 
 - Subphylum Kinetoplasta
 - Subphylum Pseudociliata
 
 - Subphylum Euglenida
 
 - Phylum Euglenozoa
 
 - Superphylum Metakaryota
 
 - Subkingdom Dimastigota
 
Leedale in Lee et al. (2000)
Leedale, G.F. 2000. Class Euglenoidea Bütschli, 1884, order Euglenida Bütschli, 1884. In: Lee, J.J., Leedale, G.F. & Bradbury, P. An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists/Allen Press: Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A, 2nd ed., vol. 2, p. 1136–1157, . See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), .
In “protozoa”, “flagellated protists”,
- Phylum Euglenozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1981 
- "euglenids" (Class Euglenoidea Bütschli, 1884, Order Euglenida Bütschli, 1884)
- Suborder Eutreptiina Leedale, 1967 
- Genus Distigma Ehrenberg, 1831
 - Genus Distigmopsis Hollande, 1942
 - Genus Eutreptia Perty, 1852
 - Genus Eutreptiella da Cunha, 1913
 
 - Suborder Euglenina Bütschli, 1884 
- Genus Euglena C.G. Ehrenberg, 1830
 - Genus Euglenocapsa Steinecke, 1931
 - Genus Khawkinea Jahn & McKibben, 1937
 - Genus Astasia Dujardin, 1830
 - Genus Cyclidiopsis Korschikov, 1917
 - Genus Trachelomonas Ehrenberg, 1833
 - Genus Strombomonas Deflandre, 1930
 - Genus Ascoglena Stein, 1878
 - Genus Klebsina Silva, 1961 [= Genus Klebsiella Pascher, 1931]
 - Genus Colacium Ehrenberg, [1834]
 - Genus Phacus Dujardin, 1841
 - Genus Hyalophacus Pringsheim, 1936
 - Genus Lepocinclis Perty, 1849
 - Genus Cryptoglena C.G. Ehrenberg, 1831[1832]
 
 - Suborder Rhabdomonadina Leedale, 1967
- Genus Rhabdomonas Fresenius, 1858
 - Genus Rhabdospira Pringsheim, 1963
 - Genus Menoidium Perty, 1852
 - Genus Gyropaigne Skuja, 1939
 - Genus Parmidium Christen, 1963
 
 - Suborder Sphenomonadina Leedale, 1967 
- Genus Sphenomonas Stein, 1878
 - Genus Atraktomonas Christen, 1962
 - Genus Calkinsia Lackey, 1960
 - Genus Anisonema Dujardin, 1841
 - Genus Metanema (Klebs, 1892) Senn, in Engler & Prantl, 1900
 - Genus Calycimonas Christen, 1959
 - Genus Petalomonas Stein, 1859
 - Genus Dylakosoma Skuja, 1964
 - Genus Scytomonas Stein, 1878
 - Genus Dolium Larsen & Patterson, 1990
 - Genus Notosolenus Stokes, 1884
 - Genus Tropidoscyphus Stein, 1878
 
 - Suborder Heteronematina Leedale, 1967 
- Genus Heteronema Dujardin, 1841
 - Genus Peranema F. Dujardin, 1841
 - Genus Urceolus Mereschkowski, 1877
 - Genus Entosiphon Stein, 1878
 - Genus Ploeotia Dujardin, 1841
 
 - Suborder Euglenamorphina Leedale, 1967
- Genus Euglenamorpha Wenrich, 1924
 - Genus Hegneria Brumpt & Lavier, 1924
 
 - Incertae sedis
- ?Genus Conradnema
 - ?Genus Dinema Perty, 1852
 - ?Genus Dinemula Michajlow, 1965
 - ?Genus Naupliicola Michajlow, 1965
 - ?Genus Ovicola Michajlow, 1965
 - ?Genus Embryocola
 - ?Genus Mesastasia Palienko & Monchenko, 1979
 - ?Genus Mononema Michajlow, 1967
 - ?Genus Paradinemula Monchenko, 1967
 - ?Genus Paradistigma Wita, 1974
 - ?Genus Paradistigmoides Michajlow & Wita, 1976
 - ?Genus Parastasia
 - ?Genus Parastasiella
 
 
 - Suborder Eutreptiina Leedale, 1967 
 
 - "euglenids" (Class Euglenoidea Bütschli, 1884, Order Euglenida Bütschli, 1884)
 
Marin et al. (2003)
Marin, B., Palm, A., Klingberg, M., Melkonian, M. (2003): Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of plastid-containing Euglenophytes based on SSU rDNA sequence comparisons and synapomorphic signatures in the SSU rRNA secondary structure. Protist 154, 99-145, .
- kinetoplastids
 - diplonemids
 - euglenoids (Euglenophyta)
- Distigma-clade
 - Peranema
 - euglenophytes (Euglenophyceae Schoenichen 1925 in Eyferth and Schoenichen 1925 emend. Marin et Melkonian)
- Order Eutreptiales Leedale 1967 emend. Marin et Melkonian
 - Order Euglenales Leedale 1967 emend. Marin et Melkonian
 
 
 
Adl et al. (2012)
Adl, S. M. et al. (2012). The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–514, .
- Excavata Cavalier-Smith 2002, emend. Simpson 2003
- Discoba Simpson in Hampl et al. 2009 (R)
- Discicristata Cavalier-Smith 1998
- Euglenozoa Cavalier-Smith 1981, emend. Simpson 1997
- Euglenida Bütschli 1884, emend. Simpson 1997
- Heteronematina Leedale 1967 (P)
- Anisonema, Dinema, Entosiphon, Heteronema, Lentomonas, Metanema, Notosolenus, Peranema, Petalomonas, Ploeotia
 - [Alternative classification of Heteronematina:
 
 - Euglenophyceae Schoenichen 1925, emend. Marin & Melkonian 2003 (= Euglenea Bütschli 1884, emend. Busse & Preisfeld 2002)
- Rapaza Yamaguchi et al. 2012 (M)
 - Eutreptiales Leedale 1967, emend. Marin & Melkonian 2003
 - Euglenea Bütschli 1884, emend. Busse & Preisfeld 2002 [emend. Adl et al. 2012?] (= Euglenales Leedale 1967, emend. Marin & Melkonian 2003)
- Phacaceae Kim et al. 2010
 - Euglenaceae Dujardin 1841, emend. Kim et al. 2010
 
 
 - Aphagea Cavalier-Smith 1993, emend. Busse & Preisfeld 2002
- Astasia sensu stricto, Distigma, Distigmopsis, Menoidium, Rhabdomonas
 
 
 - Heteronematina Leedale 1967 (P)
 
 - Euglenida Bütschli 1884, emend. Simpson 1997
 
 - Euglenozoa Cavalier-Smith 1981, emend. Simpson 1997
 
 - Discicristata Cavalier-Smith 1998
 
 - Discoba Simpson in Hampl et al. 2009 (R)
 
[Notes: M, monotypic group with only one described species; P, paraphyletic group; R, ribogroup assembled from phylogenetic studies.]
Ruggiero et al. (2015)
Ruggiero, M.A., Gordon, D.P., Orrell, T.M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R.C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M. D. & Kirk, P. M. (2015). A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248, .
- Superkingdom Eukaryota
- Kingdom Protozoa
- Subkingdom Eozoa
- Infrakingdom Euglenozoa
- Phylum Euglenozoa
- Subphylum N.N.
- Class Diplonemea
- Order Diplonemida
 
 - Class Kinetoplastea
- Order Bodonida
 - Order Prokinetoplastida
 - Order Trypanosomatida
 
 
 - Class Diplonemea
 - Subphylum Euglenoida
- Class N.N.
- Order Petalomonadida
 - Order Ploeotiida
 
 - Class Euglenophyceae
- Order Euglenida
 - Order Eutreptiida
 
 - Class Peranemea
- Order Heteronemida
 - Order Peranemida
 - Order Rhabdomonadida
 
 
 - Class N.N.
 - Subphylum Symbiontida
- Class Postgaardea
- Order Postgaardida
 
 
 - Class Postgaardea
 
 - Subphylum N.N.
 
 - Phylum Euglenozoa
 
 - Infrakingdom Euglenozoa
 
 - Subkingdom Eozoa
 
 - Kingdom Protozoa
 
Cavalier-Smith (2016)
- Cavalier-Smith, T. 2016. Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa. European Journal of Protistology 56: 250–276. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2016.09.003 Reference page.
 
Phylum Euglenozoa
- Subphylum Euglenoida ["euglenoids"; Euglenoidea, if treated as a class; not Euglenida, as in Adl et al., 2012]
- Infraphylum Entosiphona
 - Infraphylum Dipilida
- Superclass Rigimonada
 - Superclass Spirocuta
- Class Peranemea
 - Class Euglenophyceae
- Subclass Rapazia
 - Subclass Euglenophycidae [not Euglenea, as in Busse & Preisfeld, 2002]
- Order Eutreptiida (=Eutreptiales)
 - Order Euglenida ["euglenids"]
- Family Euglenidae [not Euglenea, as in Adl et al., 2012]
 - Family Phacidae (=Phacaceae)
 - Family Euglenamorphidae
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - Subphylum Postgaardia
 - Subphylum Glycomonada
 
Leander et al. (2017)
Leander, B.S., Lax, G., Karnkowska, A., Simpson, A.G.B. (2017). Euglenida. In: Archibald, J.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Slamovits, C. (Eds.). Handbook of the Protists. Springer, pp. 1-42. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_13-1
- Euglenida [“euglenids", or "euglenoids"]
- Petalomonadida (e.g., Petalomonas, Notosolenus, Scytomonas, Sphenomonas)
 - “Ploeotiids”(*) (e.g., Ploeotia, Entosiphon, Keelungia)
 - Symbiontida (Bihospites, Calkinsia, and Postgaardi)
 - Spirocuta (formerly “H clade” or “HP clade”) 
- Aphagea (e.g., Rhabdomonas, Menoidium, Distigma, Astasia)
 - Neometanema
 - “Anisonemids” (Anisonema, Dinema)
 - “Peranemids”(*) (e.g., Peranema, Jenningsia, Heteronema, Urceolus)
 - Euglenophyceae
- Rapaza
 - Eutreptiales (e.g., Eutreptia, Eutreptiella)
 - Euglenales (= Euglenea) 
- Phacaceae (Lepocinclis, Phacus, and Discoplastis)
 - Euglenaceae (e.g., Euglena, Colacium, and Trachelomonas)
 
 
 
 
 
[(*) paraphyletic assemblages.]