Synonyms

• Heterotypic
  • Homalium obtusatum Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(I): 465 (1858); not accepted by Sleumer (1980), Acevedo-Rodríguez & Strong (2012: 864) and Applequist (2013: 51) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: J.J. Linden 2122, September 1844 (holotype: KW; isotypes: BM(-BM000611141, -BM000611142), BR, FI-Webb, G(-G00364343, -G00364347-G00364354), K-K000471127, NY)
    • Type locality: Cuba. Prov. Sant Jago, alt. 3000 ped.
  • Homalium pedicellatum Spruce ex Benth., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4: 36 (1859); not accepted by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 53) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • ⧼Typi⧽:
      • Lectotypus: R. Spruce 1489, May 1851 (holotype: G; isolectotypes: B, BM-BM000624536, E, F, FI-Webb, G(-G00364355, -G00364356), GH-00066739, GOET, K-K000471111, L [fragm.], LD, M, NY, P{P02442225, P02442226}, RB, TCD, W); designated by Blake (1919: 231–232)
      • Syntypus: R. Spruce 3722 ([June 1854]; K [​[http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000471110 K000471110]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], W 1889-0144132 [under number '3722 (1662)']).
    • Type locality:
      • Lectotypus: Brazil. Southern shore of the Rio Negro to its junction with the Solimoes [or prope Barra (= Manaus)].
      • Syntypus: Venezuela. [Near Maipure, near Orinoco River.]
  • Homalium cuneifolium Willd. ex Eichler in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 13(1): 508 (1871); not accepted by Applequist (2013: 32) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: not designated; no original material is known to survive (Applequist 2013: 32)
  • Homalium hondurense Donn.Sm., Bot. Gaz. 20: 4 (1895); as 'Homalium Hondurense'; not accept by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 40) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: C. Thieme 5227, September 1887 (syntypes: US(-00114719, -00114720)).
    • Type locality: Honduras. Rio Permejo near San Pedro Sula, alt. 600 ft.
  • Homalium integrifolium Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 354 (1910), nom. illeg., non (Lam.) Baill. (1886); not accepted by Sleumer (1980), Acevedo-Rodríguez & Strong (2012: 864) and Applequist (2013: 40) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: W.H. Harris & N.L. Britton 10741, 10 March 1909 (holotype: NY; isotypes: F, GH-00066718, K, P(MNHN-P-P00789799), PH, US-00114723).
    • Type locality: [Jamaica.] Woodlands, eastern slopes of the southern end of the John Crow Mountains.
  • Homalium columbianum S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 233 (1919); not accepted by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 32) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: H.M. Curran 21 (April–May 1916; Holotypus: US [​[http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3e3d6f044-59d6-4899-92a6-19d9c17808c4 US00114712 (537186)]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; ⧼Isotypi⧽: F [​[https://collections-botany.fieldmuseum.org/catalogue/255393 V0060233F (588533)]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}, fragm.], GH 00066736^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}, S [S04-79^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], WIS {WIS00000769MAD^(JSTOR), WIS00000770MAD^(JSTOR)}, YU {YU.069993^(JSTOR), YU.069994^(JSTOR)}).
    • Type locality: Colombia. Department of Bolívar: Lands of Loba, San Martín de Loba.
  • Homalium eleutherostylum S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 232 (1919); not accepted by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 35) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: R. Spruce 1662 (July 1851; Holotypus: GH 00066738^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}; ⧼Isotypi⧽: BM [​[https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/37b6ecfa-53ea-41e0-bb5d-d2609cfc9b41 BM000624537]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], E [​[https://data.rbge.org.uk/herb/E00296676 E00296676]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], G {G00364331^(JSTOR), G00364340^(JSTOR)}, K {K000471113^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}, K000471114^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}}, M-0112963 / 34148 / 24934^(JSTOR), P {P02442227^(GBIF), P02442228^(GBIF)}, TCD [​[https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.tcd0005449 TCD0005449]], W 1889-0004401).
    • Type locality: Brazil. Province of Rio Negro: near Barra.
  • Homalium eurypetalum S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 234 (1919); not accepted by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 35) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: H. Pittier 6817 (Holotypus: US [​[http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3f1542a36-f379-404c-8a9c-f4d2e0504310 US00114715 (941440)]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; ⧼Isotypi⧽: BR [​[https://www.botanicalcollections.be/specimen/BR0000005103881 BR0000005103881]^(JSTOR)], G [​[http://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/chg/adetail.php?id=265024&lang=en G00364312]^(JSTOR)], L 0010997^(JSTOR) [fragm.], S [S10-14148^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}, fragm. and photocopy of the isotype in G], US [​[http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3ffc17550-e366-4f2d-9430-f95c5c345a2f US00114716 (471669)]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]).
    • Type locality: Costa Rica. Pacific slope, the swamp of Sierpe.
  • Homalium hemisystylum S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 228 (1919); not accepted by Sleumer (1980), Acevedo-Rodríguez & Strong (2012: 864) and Applequist (2013: 39) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: P. Wilson 259 (in flower, 15 June 1902; Holotypus: US [​[http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3acf2c4f3-5f9e-41bd-800b-5046e366bcdd US00114718 (430335)]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; Isotypus: NY [​[http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/vh/specimen-details/?irn=756505 NY00107432]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]).
    • Type locality: Porto Rico [= Puerto Rico]. The Sierra de Luquillo.
  • Homalium leiogynum S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 228 (1919); not accepted by Sleumer (1980), Acevedo-Rodríguez & Strong (2012: 864) and Applequist (2013: 44) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: A.A. Heller & E.G. Heller 992 (in flower, 7 April 1899; Holotypus: US [​[http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3341101b8-1dc2-4d04-8764-a2348e0aeca4 US00114725 (426116)]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; ⧼Isotypi⧽: F [​[https://collections-botany.fieldmuseum.org/catalogue/255397 V0060228F (119915)]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], K [​[http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000471124 K000471124]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], NY [​[http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/vh/specimen-details/?irn=358529 NY00107434]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]).
      • Note: Blake cited no. 462,116.
    • Type locality: Porto Rico [= Puerto Rico]. Dry woods at Fajardo.
  • Homalium nicaraguense S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 225 (1919); not accepted by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 50) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: C. L. Smith 3 (18 February 1896; Holotypus: US [​[http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3c344224d-2ea2-4b30-bf78-7661a83ea264 US00114732 (1010053)]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; ⧼isotypi⧽: F {V0060222F (1524684)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}, V0060223F (1524683)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}}).
    • Type locality: Nicaragua. "B.J. Camp," vicinity of San Juan del Norte (Greytown).
  • Homalium pittieri S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 230 (1919); not accepted by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 53) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: H.F. Pittier 7390 (September 1917; Holotypus: US [​[http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/35bbf5d02-a99a-4dc5-89e3-9058897d7bdf US00114734 (892575)]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; Isotypus: GH 00066740^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}).
    • Type locality: Venezuela. In the Lower Catuche wood above Caracas, altitude 1,000 to 1,200 meters, light woods.
  • Homalium pleiandrum S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 227 (1919); not accepted by Sleumer (1980), Acevedo-Rodríguez & Strong (2012: 864) and Applequist (2013: 54) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: A.A. Heller & E.G. Heller 957 (30 March 1899; Holotypus: US [​[http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3a077bec4-dd51-467e-a5d6-8af6a611586e US00114735 (426086)]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; ⧼Isotypi⧽: F [​[https://collections-botany.fieldmuseum.org/catalogue/255402 V0060229F (119895)]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], K [​[http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000471123 K000471123]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], NY [​[http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/vh/specimen-details/?irn=580406 NY00107435]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]).
    • Type locality: Porto Rico [= Puerto Rico]. Pastures near Rio Piedras.
  • Homalium racemosum subsp. barbellatum S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 229 (1919); not accepted by Sleumer (1980), Acevedo-Rodríguez & Strong (2012: 864) and Applequist (2013: 56) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: W.H. Harris 9981 (27 September 1907; Holotypus: US [​[http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3e2694ad2-92a9-4258-a552-2980448673f7 US00114736 (656806)]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; ⧼Isotypi⧽; BM {BM000611143^(GBIF), BM000611144^(GBIF)}, C [C10012576^{([https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.c10012576 JSTOR])}], F [​[https://collections-botany.fieldmuseum.org/catalogue/255403 V0060213F (243045)]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], K [​[http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000471125 K000471125]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], NY [​[http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/vh/specimen-details/?irn=53420 NY00107436]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], P, US [​[http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3bf4716d7-d4ce-43b8-8ee3-e3261471741a US00997805 (1146653)]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]).
    • Type locality: Jamaica. Hope River Valley.
  • Homalium stenosepalum S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 234 (1919); not accepted by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 60) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: H.F. Pittier 2804 (17 February 1911; Holotypus: US [​[http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3c78a2cc7-ed04-493e-8255-67ade43968c8 US00114739 (676938)]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; ⧼Isotypi⧽: BM [​[https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/8a37e493-a1bf-44bc-a552-4cb65b429537 BM000624530]^(GBIF)], F [​[https://collections-botany.fieldmuseum.org/catalogue/255409 V0060226F (506323)]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], G [G00364348^(JSTOR)], GH 00066741^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}, L 0010999^(JSTOR) [fragm.], MO-194807 (883641)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}, NY [​[http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/vh/specimen-details/?irn=205744 NY00107431]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], S [S04-75^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], US [​[http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/35a2b54d0-5cbb-4538-80dd-c8aa7d5796dd US00997913 (676939)]^(GBIF)]).
    • Type locality: Panama. Along the Chagres River, below Gatún, Canal Zone, near sea level.
  • Homalium trichocladum C.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 231 (1919); not accepted by Sleumer (1980), Acevedo-Rodríguez & Strong (2012: 864) and Applequist (2013: 63) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: M.D. Fuertes L. 1098 (in flower, June 1911; Holotypus: GH 00066719^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}; ⧼Isotypi⧽: BM [​[https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/9df61ed0-610a-4eb0-8ba1-9f1d39f57d14 BM000624531]^(GBIF)], C [C10012575^{([https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.c10012575 JSTOR])}], F [​[https://collections-botany.fieldmuseum.org/catalogue/255410 V0060230F (385511)]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], HBG, K [​[http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000471122 K000471122]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], L 0010998^(JSTOR), S [S10-14154^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], US [​[http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3f321e68c-f7c4-4040-b647-fb77b6378e8b US00769809 (1559170)]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]).
    • Type locality: Santo Domingo [= Dominican Republic]. Province of Barahona.
  • Homalium riparium Standl., Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 461: 74 (1935), nom. illeg., non Gilg (1908); not accepted by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 57) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: W.A. Schipp 1182, 16 July 1933 (holotype: F; isotypes: A, BM(-BM000543016, -BM000543018), BRH, F, G, GH-(00066716; 00589354), K-K000471129, L, LL, MA, MICH, MO, NY, US-00516704)
    • Type locality: Belize. Rio Grande, river bank, 10 m.
  • Homalium schippii Standl., Trop. Woods 52: 27 (1937), nom. nov. pro Homalium riparium Standl., non Gilg (1908); not accepted by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 58) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: vide H. riparium Standl..
  • Homalium anzoateguiense Steyerm., Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 410 (1952); as Homalium anzoateguiensis; not accepted by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 25) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: J.A. Steyermark 60993 (in flower, 20 February 1945; Holotypus: F [​[https://collections-botany.fieldmuseum.org/catalogue/255391 V0060231F (1371290)]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; ⧼Isotypi⧽: L 0010996^(JSTOR) [fragm.], NY [​[https://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/vh/specimen-details/?irn=527209 NY00107437]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], US [​[http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/31b09add4-7cf0-458d-a95f-04021ef467c3 US00114711 (1998327)]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], VEN [VEN29627^(JSTOR)]).
    • Type locality: Venezuela. State of Anzoátegui, northeast of Bergantín, tributary to Río Neverí, woods along Río Léon by Quebrada Danta, alt. 500 m.
  • Homalium mituense Cuatrec., Trop. Woods 101: 19 (1955); not accepted by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 48) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: J. Cuatrecasas 6908 (in flower, 20 September 1939; Holotypus: US [​[http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/31fe4d6f2-9d21-4d2c-bb89-aa7822a4868b US00114728 (1795019)]^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; ⧼Isotypi⧽: BC-Cuatrecasas-635136^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}, COL [​[http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/es/colecciones/detail/33777/ COL000002920 (50173)]^(JSTOR)]).
    • Type locality: Colombia. Comisaría Vaupés: orilla del río Vaupés, entre Mitú y Mirití, 200 m. altitud.

Notes

• Bolivian occurrence is represented by P.F. Foster & N. Ritter 75 (collected in Velasco, Santa Cruz, alt. 205 m, 11 September 1995; deposited in USZ [see Tropicos record^(GBIF)]).
• Sleumer (1980) cites Pohl 2320 (deposited in W) as an occurrence in Goiás (Brazil West-Central) which Marquete & Medeiros (2022) do not recognize.

Primary references

• Jacquin, N.J. 1760. Enumeratio systematica plantarum, quas in Insulis Caribaeis vicinaque Americes continente detexit novas, aut iam cognitas emendavit. 41 pp. Apud Theodorum Haak, Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden]. BHL Reference page. 

Additional references

(List may be incomplete)

• Jacquin, N.J. 1763. Selectarum stirpium Americanarum historia, in qua ad Linnaeanum systema determinatae descriptaeque sistuntur plantae illae, quas in insulis Martinica, Jamaica, Domingo, aliisque, et in vicinae continentis parte, observavit rariores; adjectis iconibus in solo natali delineatis. XII + 284 pp., index, 184 tt. Ex officina Krausiana, Vindobonae [Vienna]. BHL Biblioteca Digital Reference page. 
• Turczaninow, N. 1858. Animadversiones in secundam partem herbarii Turczaninowiani, nunc Universitatis Caesareae Charkowiensis. Bulletin de la Société Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 31(I): 185–250, 379–476. BHL BHL Reference page. 
• Bentham, G. 1860[1859]. Notes on Homalium. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society. Botany 4: 31–38. BHL Reference page. 
• Donnell Smith, J. 1895. Undescribed plants from Guatemala and other Central American Republics. XIV. Botanical Gazette 20(1): 1–11, pl. BHL JSTOR Reference page. 
• Britton, N.L. 1910. Studies of West Indian plants—III. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 37: 345–363. BHL JSTOR Reference page. 
• Blake, S.F. 1919. The genus Homalium in America. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 20: 221–235. BHL Reference page. 
• Standley, P.C. 1937. Notes upon Woody Plants of Tropical America, with Descriptions of Two New Species. Tropical Woods 52: 26–29. Journal numbers 49–52 (PDF). Reference page. 
• Steyermark, J.A. & collaborators. 1952. Botanical exploration in Venezuela—II. From Droseraceae through Umbelliferae. In Contributions to the flora of Venezuela. Fieldiana: Botany 28: 243–447. BHL. Reference page. 
• Cuatrecasas, J. 1955. Taxonomic Notes on Neotropical Trees. Tropical Woods no. 101: 10-28. PDF Reference page. 
• Sleumer, H.O. 1980. Flacourtiaceae. (Flora Neotropica, Monograph 22.) 499 pp. The New York Botanical Garden, New York. JSTOR Reference page.  [see pages 61–65.]
• Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. 2012. Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: I–XXV, 1–1192. DOI: 10.5479/si.0081024X.98.1 BHL Reference page. 
• Applequist, W.L. 2013. A nomenclator for Homalium (Salicaceae). Skvortsovia 1(1): 12–74. PDF Reference page. 
• Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck, S.G. (eds.) 2013. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127(1–2): 1–1741. ISBN 978-1-930723-71-9 (issue 1), ISBN 978-1-930723-83-2 (issue 2). Online version at Tropicos. Reference page. 
• Alford, M.H.,  Homalium%20racemosum. In: Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. 2015. Cátalogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Accessed: 16 December 2022. Reference page. 

Links

• IUCN: Homalium racemosum Jacq. (Least Concern) - Assessed by Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group on 12 June 2018 and published in 2019.
• Hassler, M. 2021. Homalium racemosum. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2021 July 4. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2021. Homalium racemosum. Published online. Accessed: 4 July 2021.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium anzoateguiense. Accessed: 2022 December 15.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium racemosum. Accessed: 2022 December 15.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium columbianum. Accessed: 2022 December 16.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium eleutherostylum. Accessed: 2022 December 16.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium eurypetalum. Accessed: 2022 December 16.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium hemisystylum. Accessed: 2022 December 16.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium leiogynum. Accessed: 2022 December 16.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium nicaraguense. Accessed: 2022 December 16.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium pittieri. Accessed: 2022 December 16.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium pleiandrum. Accessed: 2022 December 16.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium racemosum subsp. barbellatum. Accessed: 2022 December 16.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium stenosepalum. Accessed: 2022 December 16.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium trichocladum. Accessed: 2022 December 16.
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Homalium racemosum in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 December 16. Reference page. 
• Marquete, R. & Medeiros, E.V.S.S. 2022. Homalium racemosum. Flora e Funga do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Accessed: 16 December 2022.
• Tropicos.org 2022. Homalium racemosum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 16 December 2022.