-ch

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-xъ.

• IPA^(key):

• (10^th-15^th CE) /x/
• (15^th CE) /x/

-ch

1. Attached to truncated stems of masculine given names to form nicknames.

   ‎Bolesław + ‎-ch → ‎Bolech

   ‎Jan + ‎-ch → ‎Jach

   ‎Miłosław + ‎-ch → ‎Miłoch

   ‎Miłosław + ‎-ch → ‎Mich

   ‎Mirosław + ‎-ch → ‎Mich

   ‎Paweł + ‎-ch → ‎Pach

   ‎Radosław + ‎-ch → ‎Radoch

   ‎Wacław + ‎-ch → ‎Wach

2. Attached to truncated stems of common nouns.

• Polish: -ch
• Silesian: -ch

• Stankiewicz, Edward (1986) The Slavic Languages: Unity in Diversity‎, pages 259-263

Inherited from Old Polish -ch, from Proto-Slavic *-xъ.

• IPA^(key): /x/
• Syllabification: ch

-ch

1. Attached to truncated stems of common nouns to form masculine, often augmentative or derogatory, nouns.

   ‎brat + ‎-ch → ‎brach

   ‎gamrat + ‎-ch → ‎gach

   ‎kmotr + ‎-ch → ‎kmoch

   ‎Moskal + ‎-ch → ‎moch

   ‎piasek + ‎-ch → ‎piach

   ‎stryj + ‎-ch → ‎strych

2. Attached to truncated stems of masculine given names to form nicknames.

   ‎Stanisław + ‎-ch → ‎Stach

   ‎Zdzisław + ‎-ch → ‎Zdzich

   ‎Zbigniew + ‎-ch → ‎Zbych

• -cha
• -och
• -uch

• Stankiewicz, Edward (1986) The Slavic Languages: Unity in Diversity‎, pages 259-263

• -ch in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• -ch in Polish dictionaries at PWN

-ch

1. Used to form the ergative case.

   Ax̱ tláach ax̱ éesh asix̱án

   My mother loves my father.

2. Marks the habitual aspect.

-ch

1. Suffix to indicate something relates to the future.

   lapi (“again”) +‎ -ch (future marker).