2023 Writers Guild of America strike

The 2023 Writers Guild of America strike is an ongoing labor dispute between the Writers Guild of America (WGA) labor union (representing 11,500 writers[1]) and the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers (AMPTP), which began at 12:01 a.m. PDT on May 2, 2023.[2][3]

2023 Writers Guild of America strike
WGA members and supporters picket in front of Universal Studios, May 5, 2023
DateMay 2, 2023 – present (2 weeks and 2 days)
Location
United States
Primarily New York City, Los Angeles, and Burbank
Caused byLack of agreement on a new contract between the WGA and AMPTP
GoalsIncrease funding and job security for writers
Increase the size of writers' rooms
Limit the use of artificial intelligence in the writing process
MethodsPicketing, protest, strike
Parties to the civil conflict

It is the largest interruption to American television and film production since the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, as well as the largest labor stoppage for the WGA since the 2007–08 strike.[4]

Issues in the strike

The main focus point in the labor dispute is the residuals from streaming media;[5] the WGA claims that AMPTP's share of such residuals has cut much of writers' average incomes compared to a decade ago.[6][7] Writers also wanted artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT to be used only as a tool that can help research or facilitate script ideas and not be used as tools to replace them.[8]

A picketer in Universal City, California carries a sign deriding film studios proposals to replace writers with generative AI.

On May 2, 2020, the latest Minimum Basic Agreement (MBA) became the collective bargaining agreement that covered most of the work done by WGA writers.[9][10] The Minimum Basic Agreement was an agreement which established a minimum wage for television, and film writers. In television, the Minimum Basic Agreement only applied to those who wrote for broadcast television shows, and not for streaming television. This was very clear when comparing late-night talk shows that were produced for broadcast television such as The Late Show with Stephen Colbert by CBS versus The Problem with Jon Stewart produced for streaming by Apple TV+. The writers who worked for The Problem were not covered by the MBA, and therefore had to negotiate individually with the streaming company for their pay, and as a result were paid less than writers who wrote for The Late Show, while doing the same amount of work. This pattern held true with other shows in the two categories.[2] The MBA expired on May 1, 2023.[11][12]

The WGA estimated that its proposals would yield to writers about $429 million a year, whereas the AMPTP's offer would yield $86 million.[2][13]

One disputed issue is the Guild wanting requirements for "mandatory staffing" and "duration of employment" terms to be added to their contract, which would require all shows to be staffed with a minimum number of writers for a minimum amount of time, "whether needed or not" per the AMPTP.[14][15]

Another important issue is that the WGA would like to see each member of a writing team receive their own pension, and each receive their own health care funds. The AMPTP rejected this proposal and did not offer a counter proposal. At the same time there was a tentative agreement between the WGA and AMPTP to have .5% of negotiated minimums for all WGA minimums shifted into pensions and health funds.[4][16]

Negotiations and strike activity
Picket line for a Disney show on May 10, 2023 in New York City
A strike captain leads WGA strikers outside Warner Bros. Studios.

On April 18, 2023, 97.85% of members of the Writers Guild of America (WGA) labor union of screenwriters in the United States voted to go on strike if they fail to reach a satisfactory agreement with the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers (AMPTP), which represents the major film and television studios of Hollywood, by May 1.[17] The AMPTP engaged in lengthy negotiations with the WGA on behalf of Amazon Studios (as well as MGM Holdings), Apple Studios, Lionsgate, NBCUniversal, Netflix, Paramount Global, Sony Pictures, the Walt Disney Company, and Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD),[18] but failed to reach a deal before the mandated deadline. As a result, the leadership of the Writers Guild of America, West (WGAW) and Writers Guild of America, East (WGAE) unanimously approved a strike on the eve of May 2, the first of its kind since the 2007–2008 strike fifteen years prior.[5]

The Hollywood Reporter reported that the WGA had set some prospective rules for writers during the strike. The Writers Guild stated "writers cannot do any writing, revising, pitching or discussing future projects with companies that are members of the AMPTP."[19] If writers do such work they will face punishment such as fines, or even banishment from the Guild.

The Writers Guild also stated that fiction podcasts which are produced by companies against which the Guild, and its members are striking, must stop production. The Guild said that they hoped that writers of animated series not covered by the Writers Guild, but by the Animation Guild, would seek advice from the Writers Guild on whether or not their work as a writer works counter to the activities of the strike, and if so to cease such work for the duration of the strike. The Guild noted that while they cannot punish non-Guild writers who write for companies against which the union is striking, they promise to bar such writers from future Guild membership.[19]

The WGA instructed members to begin picketing on May 2, 2023, at 1:00 p.m. PDT.[5] By May 3, 2023, picketing hours had extended to two four-hour shifts: an early shift from 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m., and an afternoon shift from 1:00 to 5:00 p.m. The following studios, and events have been reported by Deadline Hollywood as places where the WGA have picketed, and plan on continuing. In Los Angeles: AMC Networks, Amazon/Culver Studios, MGM, CBS Radford, CBS Television City, Disney, 20th Century Studios, Lionsgate, Starz, Netflix, Paramount, MTV, Sony, Universal, Warner Bros. (including its own Burbank division) and in New York City: 30 Rock/NBCUniversal, Broadway Stages, HBO, NBC Upfronts, Netflix Manhattan HQ, Netflix Upfront, Peacock NewFront,[20] Silvercup East, Silvercup Studios, Steiner Studios, Warner Bros. Discovery, and Warner Bros. Discovery Upfront.[21]

WGA negotiating committee

The WGA announced the members of its negotiating committee in November 2022, with David Young as chief negotiator.[22] In May 2023, Ellen Stutzman was the chief negotiator.[23]

Productions impacted
Main article: List of productions impacted by the 2023 Writers Guild of America strike

Many films, television programs, and podcasts have been affected by the strike; some have been forced to continue production without writers, while others have been completely shut down. The projects that have been unaffected were either already written before May 2, are largely unscripted, or rely on non-union staff.[24][25]

Response

List of actors picketing

List of actors expressing support for the strike

Other unions

In a statement made on April 18, 2023, the Directors Guild of America (DGA) president Lesli Linka Glatter told the members of the Guild that there is nothing the union could do to force members back to work if a WGA strike were to happen. However, she also noted that if DGA members do not perform their "DGA covered services," they could be let go from their current positions.[80]

Ahead of the strike, the International Brotherhood of Teamsters Local 399 issued an advisory instructing Teamsters members not to strike, but informing them that they are protected by the Teamsters contract if they refuse to cross picket lines, heavily encouraging them to do so, saying: "Simply put, Teamsters do not cross picket lines."[81] At a WGA rally on May 3, 2023, Lindsay Dougherty, the leader of Teamsters Local 399, said that while the Teamsters could not strike in solidarity due to a contract in place through 2024, she affirmed that Local 399 would not cross picket lines, saying, "Every single truck that we know of has not crossed."[82] In response to reports by WGA members that Teamsters trucks were refusing to cross picket lines, the Teamsters tweeted: "Teamsters don't cross picket lines. Full solidarity with WGA writers on #strike! #1u".[83]

On May 2, 2023, The Animation Guild, IATSE Local 839 made a statement of support for the Writers Guild and their strike. Along with this statement, they produced a Question and Answer document to help Animation Guild members figure out how the Writers Strike impacts their ability to maintain solidarity with the members of the Writers Guild.[84]

Ahead of the strike, the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees president Mathew Loeb informed its members of their rights to honor a picket line, and that in many places their contracts "expressly" allow employees to honor lawful picket lines.[85][86]

On April 30, SAG-AFTRA advised its members that while they should continue working on active projects to avoid breach of contract claims, it encouraged members to show solidarity by walking picket lines during non-working hours and posting on social media. The union also advised writers "You should not write anything normally written by striking WGA writers."[87]

Foreign unions

The Writers' Guild of Great Britain (WGGB), based in the United Kingdom, announced its support for the strike and instructed its members to refrain from working on American projects during the duration of the strike.[88] Production of the fourteenth series of Doctor Who, which is a co-production between Disney Plus, Bad Wolf, and BBC Studios, was unaffected because the filming and writing of the show is based in the United Kingdom.[89] The Australian Writers' Guild, Writers Guild of Canada, Screenwriters Guild of Israel, Writers Guild of Ireland and Writers Guild of Sweden followed suit.[90] Solidarity statements in support of the strike were issued by Writers Guild Italia and La Guilde française des scénaristes, although the Guilde stopped short of discouraging members from working on American projects during the strike.

Film and television executives

On May 3, 2023, the second day of the strike, The Walt Disney Company (through its ABC Signature Studios unit) sent a letter written by the studios' Assistant Chief Counsel Bob McPhail on behalf of the executives at Disney to showrunners and all other writer-producers (executive producer, co-executive producer, supervising producer, producer, co-producer, and consulting producer) who work for the company, saying that they must report back to work, and perform their non-writer duties. Among the non-writing duties that Disney included are what as known as "a through h" services. Some examples of these non-writing duties include, "assignment of lines to other existing characters occasioned by cast changes", "casual minor changes in dialogue or narration made prior to or during the period of principal photography", and "instructions, directions, and suggestions whether oral, or written, made to writer regarding story or screenplay".[91]

On May 4, 2023, on the Q1 earnings call for Paramount, CEO Bob Bakish addressed the strike, saying that writers were "an essential part of creating content", that he hoped there could be "a resolution that works for everyone fairly quickly", but added there is a "really big gap" between the negotiating positions, stated that the company had been planning for an extended strike, and claimed that apart from late-night programming, "consumers really won't notice anything for a while." Bakish noted Paramount's strategy to outlast the writers strike is to use its large streaming library located within Paramount+, the upcoming summer movie slate which will move to the streaming service, and productions that will be completed offshore.[92][93]

When asked about the guild's demands for staffing minimums and guaranteed employment periods, AMPTP President Carol Lombardini[94] responded by saying that "writers are lucky to have term employment."[95]

AMC Theatres CEO Adam Aron said of the WGA strike that only a prolonged strike lasting many months would impact the theater chain. Aron continued saying that most of the movies to be released in 2023, and 2024 have been written, and even filmed.[96]

Warner Bros. Discovery CEO and president David Zaslav was interviewed by CNBC's Squawk Box on May 5, 2023. He stated that he was not glad that the WGA strike had occurred, and that writers should be compensated in relation to their value. At the same time, he also stated that Warner Bros. Discovery stands to potentially make $1 billion in profits from its streaming service business in 2025. When asked by Andrew Ross Sorkin, Zaslav responded by saying that the writers strike would resolve through "a love for business and a love for working".[97]

See also

References
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