2023 in reptile paleontology

This list of fossil reptiles described in 2023 is a list of new taxa of fossil reptiles that were described during the year 2023, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to reptile paleontology that occurred in 2023.

List of years in reptile paleontology
In archosaur paleontology
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
In paleontology
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
+...

Squamates
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Bifurcodentodon[1]

Gen. et sp. nov

Čerňanský et al.

Eocene (Ypresian)

 Belgium

An iguanian belonging to the group Pleurodonta. The type species is B. ragei.

Carentonosaurus algorensis[2]

Sp. nov

Valid

Cabezuelo-Hernández & Pérez-García

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)

Arenas de Utrillas Formation

 Spain

A member of Pythonomorpha.
Eryx linxiaensis[3] Sp. nov. Shi et al. Miocene Liushu Formation  China A species of Eryx.
Stelladens[4] Gen. et sp. nov Valid Longrich et al. Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Ouled Abdoun Basin  Morocco A mosasaurid belonging to the clade Mosasaurinae. Genus includes new species S. mysteriosus.

Squamate research
  • Redescription of Palaeogekko risgoviensis is published by Villa (2023), who confirms the validity of this species as a distinct taxon, and interprets it as a non-eublepharid gekkonoid of uncertain affinities.[5]
  • Loréal et al. (2023) describe new fossil material of Pseudopus pannonicus from the Neogene localities across Moldova, Russia and Ukraine, including fossils from the Turolian localities Gaverdovsky and Volchaya Balka in North Caucasus representing the easternmost or some of the easternmost known occurrences of this species, and revise the diagnostic features of P. pannonicus.[6]
  • A humerus of a mosasaurine related to Plotosaurus beninsoni and members of the genus Mosasaurus is described from the Maastrichtian Lopez de Bertodano Formation (Antarctica) by O'Gorman et al. (2023), expanding known diversity of Antarctic mosasaurines.[7]
  • LeBlanc et al. (2023) report that tooth replacement in extant snakes occurs by resorption of dentine by odontoclasts from within the pulp of the tooth, and that this mechanism was already present in Yurlunggur and Portugalophis.[8]
  • Shi et al. (2023) describe an assemblage of early Pliocene snake fossils entombed with the mammalian fauna from Houxushan (Queshan, Henan, China), and interpret the studied fossils as indicative of a warmer and more humid climate in this region during the early Pliocene.[9]
  • Georgalis et al. (2023) describe fossil material of lizards and snakes from the Miocene localities in Anatolia (Turkey), including fossil remains tentatively referred to chameleons, potentially representing the oldest occurrences of chameleons from Asia reported to date.[10]

Ichthyosauromorphs
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Ichthyosauromorph research
  • Kear et al. (2023) describe ichthyopterygian fossil material (including 11 vertebral centra which are substantially larger than those of typical basal ichthyosauriforms) from the Lower Triassic Vikinghøgda Formation (Svalbard, Norway), interpreting the internal structure of the studied bones as indicating that they belonged to a fully pelagic animal, and argue that ichthyosauromorphs might have originated before the Permian–Triassic extinction event.[11]
  • A study on three gravid Mixosaurus specimens from the Middle Triassic Besano Formation at the Monte San Giorgio locality at the Swiss-Italian border is published by Miedema et al. (2023), who report that two of the studied specimens were preserved with fetuses with tail-first birth position while the third specimen was preserved with fetuses with head-first birth position, propose that a slight preference for tail-first birth likely arose at the base of the Merriamosauria, and argue that fetal orientation at birth in ichthyosaurs was more likely to be related to expulsion mechanics during birth or to maternal stress induced from the fetal orientation during pregnancy than to the need for reduction of asphyxiation risk.[12]
  • Redescription of the holotypes of Grendelius pseudoscythicus and G. zhuravlevi is published by Zverkov, Arkhangelsky & Stenshin (2023), who consider both species to be valid, indicating the presence of at least three species of Grendelius in the Middle Russian Sea during the latest Jurassic, and argue that there is insufficient evidence for synonymy between the genera Brachypterygius and Grendelius.[13]
  • Delsett et al. (2023) compare the ossified hyoid elements in ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurs and toothed whales, and report that, based on hyoid shape, suction feeding seems to never have evolved in ichthyosaurs.[14]
  • Reassessment of the history and identity of the ichthyosaur specimens from the Posidonia Shale housed in the Paleontological Collection of Tübingen University is published by Stöhr & Werneburg (2023).[15]

Sauropterygians
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Country Notes Images

Luopingosaurus[16]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Xu et al.

Middle Triassic (Anisian)

Guanling Formation

 China

A member of the family Pachypleurosauridae. The type species is L. imparilis.

Sauropterygian research
  • An aggregation of bones of at least three individuals of Keichousaurus hui, interpreted as a likely regurgitalith probably produced by a near-shore sauropterygian such as Nothosaurus or Lariosaurus, is described from the Middle Triassic Xingyi Fauna (Guizhou, China) by Ye, Sun & Yao (2023).[17]
  • Li et al. (2023) report preservation of the digestive tract with food remains in specimens of Keichousaurus hui from the Zhuganpo Member of the Falang Formation (China), and reconstruct the internal distribution and organ composition of the digestive tract of K. hui.[18]
  • Vertebrae belonging to a pliosaurid estimated as being 9.8 to 14.4 m in length are described from the Kimmeridgian Kimmeridge Clay (United Kingdom) by Martill et al. (2023).[19]
  • A study on the skeletal anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Luskhan itilensis is published by Fischer et al. (2023).[20]
  • D'Angelo et al. (2023) describe a mature elasmosaurid specimen from the Maastrichtian Calafate Formation (Argentina), with histological features of the phalanx and vertebral apophysis otherwise found in juvenile individuals, and interpret this finding as contradicting the hypotheses that proposed that the maturation of elasmosaurid involved a shift in bone density which was related to migration from coastal waters to the open sea.[21]
  • O'Gorman & Otero (2023) revise the fossil material of Late Cretaceous short-necked plesiosaurs from New Zealand, and argue that only one specimen from the Tahora Formation and one from the Conway Formation can be confidently referred to the family Polycotylidae, while another specimen from the Conway Formation and one specimen from uncertain locality can be referred to this family with doubts.[22]
  • A study on the skeletal maturity status of known plesiosaur skeletons, indicating that determination of the ontogenetic stage of the studied specimens may be confounded by paedomorphism (especially in later taxa), is published by Araújo & Smith (2023).[23]

Turtles
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Abalakemys[24]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Pérez-García

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

Farin-Doutchi Formation

 Niger

A member of the family Bothremydidae. The type species is A. chapmanae.

Astrochelys rogerbouri[25]

Sp. nov

Valid

Kehlmaier et al.

Holocene

 Madagascar

A tortoise, a species of Astrochelys.
Khargachelys[26] Gen. et sp. nov AbdelGawad et al. Late Cretaceous (Campanian) Quseir Formation  Egypt A member of Bothremydidae. The type species is K. caironensis

Podocnemis tatacoensis[27]

Sp. nov

Valid

Cadena & Vanegas

Miocene (Serravallian)

La Victoria Formation

 Colombia

A species of Podocnemis.

Turtle research
  • New specimen of Naomichelys speciosa, providing new information on the anatomy and intraspecific variation in this species, is described from the Lower Cretaceous Cloverly Formation (Montana, United States) by Lawver & Garner (2023).[28]
  • Tong et al. (2023) describe a skull of a member of the species Solemys gaudryi from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Bastide Neuve locality (Var, France), providing new information on the skull anatomy of helochelydrid turtles.[29]
  • Chou et al. (2023) describe a new specimen of Chengyuchelys latimarginalis from the Upper Jurassic Shangshaximiao Formation (China), expanding known geographical distribution of this species and providing new information on its intraspecific variation.[30]
  • Pérez-García, Camilo & Ortega (2023) describe new fossil material of Hylaeochelys kappa from the Tithonian Freixial Formation (Portugal), providing new information on the anatomy and intraspecific variability in this species.[31]
  • Martín-Jiménez & Pérez-García (2023) present the reconstruction of the skull and neuroanatomical structures of the holotype of Euraxemys essweini.[32]
  • A study on the ecology of Araripemys barretoi is published by Batista, Carvalho & de la Fuente (2023).[33]
  • Martín-Jiménez & Pérez-García (2023) provide a three-dimensional reconstruction of the anatomical and neuroanatomical cranial structures of Neochelys arenarum.[34]
  • Smith, Berg & Adrian (2023) describe a well-preserved skull of a specimen of Plesiobaena antiqua from the Judith River Formation (Montana, United States), providing new information on the morphology of the middle and inner ear and endocast of baenids.[35]
  • Description of the anatomy of the skull and mandible of Plastomenus thomasii, and a study on the phylogenetic relationships and the evolutionary history of softshell turtles, is published by Evers, Chapelle & Joyce (2023).[36]
  • A study on the long bone microstructure of Protostega gigas is published by Wilson (2023), who interprets her findings as indicating that P. gigas, unlike the more basal protostegid Desmatochelys, had rapid bone growth patterns similar to those of extant leatherback sea turtles.[37]
  • Fossil material of a sea turtle is described from the Lutetian Santiago Formation, California by Poust, Holroyd & Deméré (2023), providing evidence of the presence of sea turtles in North Pacific during the middle Eocene.[38]
  • Zvonok, Benitskiy & Danilov (2023) describe new fossil material of Tasbacka aldabergeni from the Paleogene (Paleocene or Ypresian) Kudinovka locality (Rostov Oblast, Russia), including the most complete postcranial skeleton of a member of this species, providing new information on its anatomy.[39]
  • A study on the diversification of tortoises throughout their evolutionary history is published by Silveira et al. (2023).[40]
  • A study on the bone histology of fossil and extant angulate tortoises from South Africa, providing evidence of impact of environmental conditions on the growth of studied tortoises, is published by Bhat, Chinsamy & Parkington (2023).[41]
  • A study on the relationship of body size to climate and on the role of metabolism in governing size in turtles is published by Parker et al. (2023), who report that the Plio-Pleistocene fossil record of turtles from the Shungura Formation (Ethiopia) included tortoises which were significantly larger than any extant African taxon, but aquatic turtles did not reach significantly larger maximum sizes than extant eastern African turtles; the authors find the studied fossil record of turtles to be consistent with habitat reconstructions for the Shungura Formation, interpret it as indicating that temperature-dependent metabolism likely wasn't a dominant factor for body size sorting in turtles from the Shungura Formation, and argue that the extinction of the largest eastern African tortoises may have been driven, in part, by human exploitation.[42]

Archosauriformes

Archosaurs
Main article: 2023 in archosaur paleontology

Other archosauriforms
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Colossosuchus[43]

Gen. et sp. nov

Datta & Ray

Late Triassic

Tiki Formation

 India

A mystriosuchine phytosaur. The type species is C. techniensis.
Mystriosuchus alleroq[44] Sp. nov López-Rojas et al. Late Triassic Malmros Klint Formation  Greenland A mystriosuchine phytosaur.

Archosauriform research
  • A study on the locomotor capabilities of Euparkeria capensis is published by Demuth, Wiseman & Hutchinson (2023), who conclude that it is unlikely that Euparkeria was facultatively bipedal, and was probably quadrupedal.[45]

Other reptiles
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Beesiiwo[46]

Gen. et sp. nov

Fitch et al.

Late Triassic (Carnian)

Popo Agie Formation

 United States
( Wyoming)

A rhynchosaur belonging to the subfamily Hyperodapedontinae. The type species is B. cooowuse.
Gansurhinus naobaogouensis[47] Sp. nov Liu Late Permian Naogaobou Formation  China A member of the family Captorhinidae.

Gracilicollum[48]

Gen. et sp. nov

Wang et al.

Middle Triassic (Anisian)

Guanling Formation

 China

An early diverging archosauromorph with a long neck, likely a tanystropheid. The type species is G. latens.

Rutiotomodon[49]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Sues & Schoch

Middle Triassic (Ladinian)

Erfurt Formation

 Germany

A member of the family Trilophosauridae. The type species is R. tytthos.

Other reptile research
  • Van den Brandt et al. (2023) provide the first volumetric body mass estimate of Bradysaurus baini.[50]
  • A study on the structure and placement of the osteoderm cover of Scutosaurus tuberculatus is published by Boyarinova & Golubev (2023).[51]
  • A study on the morphology of the femora of members of Drepanosauromorpha, interpreted as indicative of increased capacity for femoral adduction and protraction relative to most other Permo-Triassic diapsids, is published by Pritchard et al. (2023).[52]
  • A study on the anatomy of the hindlimbs of Megalancosaurus preonensis and M. endennae is published by Renesto & Saller (2023), who interpret the differences in the skeletal anatomy of the studied drepanosauromorphs as indicating that the two species may have exploited different microhabitats in the arboreal environment.[53]
  • Roese-Miron et al. (2023) compare the endocasts of Clevosaurus brasiliensis and extant tuatara, reporting that the reptilian encephalization quotient of C. brasiliensis in much lower than that of the tuatara, and providing evidence of a previously undocumented neuroanatomical diversity among rhynchocephalians.[54]
  • Redescription of the skull of the holotype of Bentonyx sidensis, including description of previously obscured anatomical details, is published by Sethapanichsakul, Coram & Benton (2023).[55]

Reptiles in general
  • A study on the relationship between femoral microstructure and posture in extant reptiles, and on its implications for the reconstruction of the posture of extinct reptiles, is published by Gônet et al. (2023), who find that the posture can be reliably inferred for extinct reptile taxa that preceded and followed the quadruped/biped and sprawling/erect transitions, but also that the inferences are more questionable for taxa contemporary with these transitions.[56]
  • Hoffman, Hancox & Nesbitt (2023) describe an assemblage of teeth of diapsid reptiles from the Lower Triassic Burgersdorp Formation (South Africa), report the presence of seven tooth morphotypes which are distinct but show limited morphological disparity, and interpret this finding as confirming that the recovery of diverse ecosystems after the Permian–Triassic extinction event was delayed until the Middle or even the Late Triassic.[57]
  • Zverkov et al. (2023) describe Late Cretaceous reptile fossils from the Pyasina River, Tanama River and Kheta River basins (Siberia, Russia), representing the northernmost Cretaceous Eurasian occurrences of plesiosaurs, turtles and possibly mosasaurids reported to date, and including immature plesiosaur fossils which might indicate that the Late Cretaceous shallow waters in the studied area were a breeding and nursery area for plesiosaurs.[58]

References
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  14. Delsett, L. L.; Pyenson, N.; Miedema, F.; Hammer, Ø. (2023). "Is the hyoid a constraint on innovation? A study in convergence driving feeding in fish-shaped marine tetrapods". Paleobiology: 1–16. doi:10.1017/pab.2023.12. S2CID 258087360.
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  29. Tong, H.; Buffetaut, E.; Méchin, P.; Méchin-Salessy, A.; Claude, J. (2023). "A Solemys Skull from the Late Cretaceous of Southern France". Diversity. 15 (1). 58. doi:10.3390/d15010058.
  30. Chou, C.; Xing, L.; Wang, F.; Xie, X.; Tong, H. (2023). "A new Chengyuchelys latimarginalis record from the Upper Jurassic Shangshaximaio Formation of Sichuan Basin, China, and the intraspecific variation". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. doi:10.1080/08912963.2023.2201932.
  31. Pérez-García, A.; Camilo, B.; Ortega, F. (2023). "New Data on the Poorly Known Jurassic Record of the Turtle Hylaeochelys (Thalassochelydia), Based on New Finds from Portugal". Diversity. 15 (2). 167. doi:10.3390/d15020167.
  32. Martín-Jiménez, M.; Pérez-García, A. (2023). "Neuroanatomical Study and Three-Dimensional Cranial Reconstruction of the Brazilian Albian Pleurodiran Turtle Euraxemys essweini". Diversity. 15 (3). 374. doi:10.3390/d15030374.
  33. Batista, D. L.; Carvalho, I. S.; de la Fuente, M. S. (2023). "Araripemys barretoi: Paleoecological analysis of a pelomedusoid Chelonia from the Lower Cretaceous of Araripe and Parnaíba basins, Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 148. 105503. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105503. S2CID 256786671.
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