List of governors of Arkansas

The governor of Arkansas is the head of government of the U.S. state of Arkansas. The governor is the head of the executive branch of the Arkansas government and is charged with enforcing state laws. They have the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Arkansas General Assembly, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.[2]

Governor of Arkansas
Great Seal of Arkansas
Incumbent
Sarah Huckabee Sanders
since January 10, 2023 (2023-01-10)
Government of Arkansas
Style
StatusHead of Government
ResidenceArkansas Governor's Mansion
SeatState Capitol, Little Rock, Arkansas
Term lengthFour years, renewable once
Constituting instrumentConstitution of Arkansas
PrecursorGovernor of Arkansas Territory
Inaugural holderJames Sevier Conway
FormationSeptember 13, 1836 (1836-09-13)
DeputyLieutenant Governor of Arkansas
SalaryUS$141,000 per annum
(2016)[1]
Websitegovernor.arkansas.gov

The state has had 46 elected governors, as well as 11 acting governors who assumed powers and duties following the resignation or death of the governor. Before becoming a state, Arkansas Territory had four governors appointed to it by the president of the United States. Orval Faubus (1955–1967) served the longest term as governor, being elected six times to serve 12 years. Bill Clinton (1979-1981; 1983-1992), elected five times over two distinct terms, fell only one month short of 12 years, and Mike Huckabee (1996-2007) served 10 years for two full four-year terms. The shortest term for an elected governor was the 38 days served by John Sebastian Little before his nervous breakdown; one of the acting successors to his term, Jesse M. Martin, took office only three days before the end of the term, the shortest term overall.

The current governor of Arkansas is Republican Sarah Huckabee Sanders, who was sworn in on January 10, 2023.

Territorial (1819–1836)

Arkansaw Territory (renamed Arkansas Territory, circa 1822)[lower-alpha 1] was split from the Missouri Territory on July 4, 1819.[4] As territorial secretary from 1819 to 1829, Robert Crittenden served as acting governor whenever the appointed governor was not in the state. This meant that Crittenden was the first person to perform the duties of governor, since James Miller did not arrive in the territory until nine months after his appointment.[5]

Governors of Arkansas Territory
No. Governor Term in office[lower-alpha 2] Appointed by
1 James Miller
(1776–1851)
[6]		 March 3, 1819[lower-alpha 3]
–
December 27, 1824
(resigned)[lower-alpha 4]		 James Monroe
2 George Izard
(1776–1828)
[11]		 March 3, 1825[lower-alpha 5]
–
November 22, 1828
(died in office)		 James Monroe
John Quincy Adams
3 John Pope
(1770–1845)
[16]		 March 9, 1829[lower-alpha 6]
–
March 9, 1835
(successor appointed)		 Andrew Jackson
4 William S. Fulton
(1795–1844)
[21]		 March 9, 1835[lower-alpha 7]
–
September 13, 1836
(statehood)[lower-alpha 8][lower-alpha 9]		 Andrew Jackson

State (from 1836)

Arkansas was admitted to the Union on June 15, 1836.[29] The state seceded on May 6, 1861,[30] and was admitted to the Confederacy on May 18, 1861.[31] When Little Rock, the state capital, was captured on September 10, 1863, the state government relocated to Washington, Arkansas, and a Union government was installed in its place, causing an overlap in the terms of Confederate governor Harris Flanagin and Union governor Isaac Murphy.[32] During the post-war Reconstruction period, it was part of the Fourth Military District. Arkansas was readmitted to the Union on June 22, 1868.[33]

The Arkansas Constitution of 1836 established four-year terms for governors,[34] which was lowered to two years in the 1874, and current, constitution.[35] An amendment in 1984 increased the terms of both governor and lieutenant governor to four years.[36] Governors were originally limited only to serving no more than eight out of every twelve years,[34] but the 1874 constitution removed any term limit. A referendum in 1992 limited governors to two terms.[37][38]

Until 1864, the constitutions provided that, should the office of governor be rendered vacant, the president of the senate would serve as acting governor until such time as a new governor were elected or the disability removed, or the acting governor's senate term expired.[39][40] This led to some situations where the governorship changed hands in quick succession, due to senate terms ending or new senate presidents being elected. For example, after John Sebastian Little resigned in 1907, 3 senate presidents acted as governor before the next elected governor took office. Should the president of the senate be similarly incapacitated, the next in line for the governorship was the speaker of the state house of representatives.

The 1864 constitution created the office of lieutenant governor[41] who would also act as president of the senate,[42] and who would serve as acting governor in case of vacancy.[43] The 1868 constitution maintained the position,[44] but the 1874 constitution removed it and returned to the original line of succession.[45] An amendment to the constitution, passed in 1914 but not recognized until 1925,[46] recreated the office of lieutenant governor, who becomes governor in case of vacancy of the governor's office.[47] The governor and lieutenant governor are not elected on the same ticket.

Arkansas was a strongly Democratic state before the Civil War, electing only candidates from the Democratic party. It elected three Republican governors following Reconstruction, but after the Democratic Party re-established control, 92 years passed before voters chose another Republican.

Governors of Arkansas
No.[lower-alpha 10] Governor Term in office Party Election Lieutenant Governor[lower-alpha 11][lower-alpha 12]
1   James Sevier Conway
(1796–1855)
[49][50][51]		 September 13, 1836[lower-alpha 9]
–
November 4, 1840
(did not run)		 Democratic 1836 Office did not exist
2 Archibald Yell
(1797–1847)
[52][53][54]		 November 4, 1840
–
April 29, 1844
(resigned)[lower-alpha 13]		 Democratic 1840
— Samuel Adams
(1805–1850)
[55][56][57]		 April 29, 1844
–
November 9, 1844
(did not run)		 Democratic President of
the Senate
acting
3 Thomas Stevenson Drew
(1802–1879)
[58][59][60]		 November 9, 1844[61]
–
January 10, 1849
(resigned)[lower-alpha 14]		 Democratic 1844
1848
— Richard C. Byrd
(1805–1854)
[62][63]		 January 10, 1849[64]
–
April 19, 1849
(did not run)		 Democratic President of
the Senate
acting
4 John Selden Roane[lower-alpha 15]
(1817–1867)
[67][68][69]		 April 19, 1849
–
November 15, 1852
(did not run)		 Democratic 1849
(special)[lower-alpha 16]
5 Elias Nelson Conway[lower-alpha 17]
(1812–1892)
[70][71][72]		 November 15, 1852
–
November 15, 1860
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1852
1856
6 Henry Massey Rector
(1816–1899)
[73][74][75]		 November 15, 1860[76]
–
November 3, 1862
(resigned)[lower-alpha 18]		 Independent
Democratic		 1860[lower-alpha 19]
— Thomas Fletcher
(1817–1880)
[lower-alpha 20]		 November 3, 1862[80]
–
November 15, 1862
(successor took office)[lower-alpha 21]		 Democratic President of
the Senate
acting
7 Harris Flanagin
(1817–1874)
[82][83][32]		 November 15, 1862
–
June 1, 1865[lower-alpha 22]
(government in exile
disestablished)[lower-alpha 23]		 Independent[86] 1862[lower-alpha 24]
8 Isaac Murphy
(d. 1882)
[88][89][90]		 January 20, 1864[lower-alpha 25]
–
July 2, 1868
(did not run)		 Independent[86] Provisional
governor
appointed by
constitutional
convention
1864 Calvin C. Bliss[91]
9 Powell Clayton
(1833–1914)
[92][93][94]		 July 2, 1868
–
March 17, 1871
(resigned)[lower-alpha 26]		 Republican 1868   James M. Johnson[96]
(resigned March 14, 1871)[lower-alpha 26]
Vacant
— Ozra Amander Hadley
(1826–1915)
[97][98][95]		 March 17, 1871
–
January 6, 1873
(did not run)		 Republican President of
the Senate
acting[lower-alpha 26]
10 Elisha Baxter[lower-alpha 27]
(1827–1899)
[100][101][102]		 January 6, 1873
–
November 12, 1874
(did not run)[lower-alpha 28]		 Republican 1872[lower-alpha 29] Volney V. Smith[103]
11 Augustus Hill Garland
(1832–1899)
[104][105][106]		 November 12, 1874
–
January 11, 1877
(did not run)[lower-alpha 30]		 Democratic 1874 Office did not exist
12 William Read Miller
(1823–1887)
[107][108][109]		 January 11, 1877
–
January 13, 1881
(lost nomination)[lower-alpha 31]		 Democratic 1876
1878
13 Thomas James Churchill
(1824–1905)
[111][112][113]		 January 13, 1881
–
January 13, 1883
(did not run)		 Democratic 1880
14 James Henderson Berry
(1841–1913)
[114][115][116]		 January 13, 1883
–
January 15, 1885
(did not run)		 Democratic 1882
15 Simon Pollard Hughes Jr.
(1830–1906)
[117][118][119]		 January 15, 1885[120]
–
January 17, 1889
(lost nomination)[lower-alpha 32]		 Democratic 1884
1886
16 James Philip Eagle
(1837–1904)
[122][123][124]		 January 17, 1889
–
January 14, 1893
(did not run)		 Democratic 1888
1890
17 William Meade Fishback[lower-alpha 33]
(1831–1903)
[126][127][128]		 January 14, 1893
–
January 18, 1895
(did not run)		 Democratic 1892
18 James Paul Clarke
(1854–1916)
[129][130][131]		 January 18, 1895
–
January 18, 1897
(did not run)[lower-alpha 34]		 Democratic 1894
19 Daniel Webster Jones
(1839–1918)
[132][133][134]		 January 18, 1897
–
January 18, 1901
(did not run)		 Democratic 1896
1898
20 Jeff Davis
(1862–1913)
[135][136][137]		 January 18, 1901[138]
–
January 18, 1907
(did not run)[lower-alpha 35]		 Democratic 1900
1902
1904
21 John Sebastian Little
(1851–1916)
[139][140][141]		 January 18, 1907
–
February 11, 1907
(resigned)[lower-alpha 36]		 Democratic 1906
— John Isaac Moore
(1856–1937)
[142][143]		 February 11, 1907
–
May 14, 1907
(legislature adjourned)		 Democratic President of
the Senate
acting[lower-alpha 37]
— Xenophon Overton Pindall
(1873–1935)
[145][144][146]		 May 14, 1907
–
January 11, 1909
(senate term expired)		 Democratic President of
the Senate
acting[lower-alpha 37]
— Jesse M. Martin
(1877–1915)		 January 11, 1909
–
January 14, 1909
(successor took office)		 Democratic President of
the Senate
acting[lower-alpha 37]
22 George Washington Donaghey
(1856–1937)
[147][148][149]		 January 14, 1909
–
January 16, 1913
(lost nomination)[lower-alpha 38]		 Democratic 1908
1910
23 Joseph Taylor Robinson
(1872–1937)
[151][152][153]		 January 16, 1913
–
March 8, 1913
(resigned)[lower-alpha 39]		 Democratic 1912
— William Kavanaugh Oldham
(1865–1938)
[154][155]		 March 8, 1913[156]
–
March 13, 1913
(new president of
the senate elected)		 Democratic President of
the Senate
acting[lower-alpha 40]
— Junius Marion Futrell
(1870–1955)
[160][157][161]		 March 13, 1913
–
August 6, 1913
(successor took office)		 Democratic President of
the Senate
acting[lower-alpha 40]
24 George Washington Hays
(1863–1927)
[162][158][163]		 August 6, 1913[164]
–
January 10, 1917
(did not run)		 Democratic 1913
(special)[lower-alpha 40]
1914
25 Charles Hillman Brough
(1876–1935)
[165][166][167]		 January 10, 1917[168]
–
January 11, 1921
(did not run)		 Democratic 1916
1918
26 Thomas Chipman McRae
(1851–1929)
[169][170][171]		 January 12, 1921[172]
–
January 13, 1925
(did not run)		 Democratic 1920
1922
27 Tom Terral
(1882–1946)
[173][174][175]		 January 14, 1925[176]
–
January 11, 1927
(lost nomination)[lower-alpha 41]		 Democratic 1924
28 John Ellis Martineau
(1873–1937)
[177][178][179]		 January 11, 1927
–
March 14, 1928
(resigned)[lower-alpha 42]		 Democratic 1926 Harvey Parnell
29 Harvey Parnell
(1880–1936)
[180][181][182]		 March 14, 1928[183]
–
January 10, 1933
(did not run)		 Democratic Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
1928 Lee Cazort
1930 Lawrence Elery Wilson
30 Junius Marion Futrell
(1870–1955)
[160][157][161]		 January 10, 1933
–
January 12, 1937
(did not run)		 Democratic 1932 Lee Cazort
1934
31 Carl E. Bailey
(1894–1948)
[184][185][186]		 January 12, 1937
–
January 14, 1941
(lost nomination)[lower-alpha 43]		 Democratic 1936 Robert L. Bailey
1938
32 Homer Martin Adkins
(1890–1964)
[187][188][189]		 January 14, 1941
–
January 9, 1945
(did not run)[lower-alpha 44]		 Democratic 1940
1942 James L. Shaver
33 Benjamin T. Laney
(1896–1977)
[191][192][193]		 January 9, 1945
–
January 11, 1949
(did not run)		 Democratic 1944
1946 Nathan Green Gordon
34 Sid McMath
(1912–2003)
[194][195][196]		 January 11, 1949
–
January 13, 1953
(lost nomination)[lower-alpha 45]		 Democratic 1948
1950
35 Francis Cherry
(1908–1965)
[197][198][199]		 January 13, 1953
–
January 11, 1955
(lost nomination)[lower-alpha 46]		 Democratic 1952
36 Orval Faubus
(1910–1994)
[200][201][202]		 January 11, 1955
–
January 10, 1967
(did not run)		 Democratic 1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
37 Winthrop Rockefeller
(1912–1973)
[203][204][205]		 January 10, 1967
–
January 12, 1971
(lost election)		 Republican 1966 Maurice Britt
1968
38 Dale Bumpers
(1925–2016)
[206][207][208]		 January 12, 1971
–
January 3, 1975
(resigned)[lower-alpha 47]		 Democratic 1970 Bob C. Riley
1972
— Bob C. Riley
(1924–1994)
[209][210]		 January 3, 1975
–
January 14, 1975
(successor took office)		 Democratic Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
39 David Pryor
(b. 1934)
[211][212][213]		 January 14, 1975
–
January 3, 1979
(resigned)[lower-alpha 48]		 Democratic 1974 Joe Purcell
1976
— Joe Purcell
(1923–1987)
[215]		 January 3, 1979
–
January 9, 1979
(successor took office)		 Democratic Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
40 Bill Clinton
(b. 1946)
[216][217]		 January 9, 1979
–
January 19, 1981
(lost election)		 Democratic 1978 Joe Purcell
41 Frank D. White
(1933–2003)
[218][219]		 January 19, 1981
–
January 11, 1983
(lost election)		 Republican 1980 Winston Bryant[lower-alpha 49]
42 Bill Clinton
(b. 1946)
[216][217]		 January 11, 1983
–
December 12, 1992
(resigned)[lower-alpha 50]		 Democratic 1982
1984
1986[lower-alpha 51]
1990 Jim Guy Tucker
43 Jim Guy Tucker
(b. 1943)
[220][221]		 December 12, 1992
–
July 15, 1996
(resigned)[lower-alpha 52]		 Democratic Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
Mike Huckabee[lower-alpha 53]
(elected November 20, 1993)
1994
44 Mike Huckabee
(b. 1955)
[223][224]		 July 15, 1996
–
January 9, 2007
(term-limited)		 Republican Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
Winthrop Paul Rockefeller
(elected November 19, 1996)
(died July 16, 2006)
1998
2002
Vacant
45 Mike Beebe
(b. 1946)
[225][226]		 January 9, 2007
–
January 13, 2015
(term-limited)		 Democratic 2006 Bill Halter
2010 Mark Darr[lower-alpha 53]
(resigned February 1, 2014)
Vacant
46 Asa Hutchinson
(b. 1950)
[227][228]		 January 13, 2015
–
January 10, 2023
(term-limited)		 Republican 2014 Tim Griffin
2018
47 Sarah Huckabee Sanders
(b. 1982)
[229][230]		 January 10, 2023
–
Incumbent[lower-alpha 54]		 Republican 2022 Leslie Rutledge

Notes
  1. The territory was formally organized with the name "Arkansaw", but spellings including "Arkansas" and "Arkansa" remained common until around 1822, when the popularity of the Arkansas Gazette helped standardize the spelling as "Arkansas".[3]
  2. The range given is from the date the governor was confirmed by the Senate, or appointed by the President during a Senate recess, to the date the governor left office.
  3. Miller was nominated, and confirmed by the Senate, on March 3, 1819.[7] However, to avoid the hot southern summer, he delayed his departure from New Hampshire until September, and took an indirect route, finally arriving in the territory on December 26.[8] Robert Crittenden, secretary of the territory, served as acting governor while Miller was delayed.[5] Miller was reconfirmed by the Senate on January 3, 1823.[9]
  4. Miller resigned citing poor health; at the time of his resignation, he had been absent from the territory for 18 months.[10]
  5. Izard was nominated on February 22, 1825,[12] confirmed by the Senate on March 3,[13] and took office on May 31.[11] Until he arrived in the territory, Robert Crittenden, secretary of the territory, served as acting governor, though Crittenden himself was out of state when Izard arrived.[14] Izard was reconfirmed by the Senate on January 9, 1828.[15]
  6. By the time notice of George Izard's death reached Washington, D.C., Andrew Jackson had been elected president, and the United States Senate refused to approve John Quincy Adams's choice for governor, Hutchins Gordon Burton.[17] Pope was nominated, and confirmed by the Senate, on March 9, 1829,[18] and took office on May 31, 1829.[16][19] Pope was reconfirmed by the Senate on March 23, 1832.[20]
  7. Fulton was nominated on February 2, 1835,[22] and confirmed by the Senate on February 23,[23] for a term to begin March 9. No contemporary reporting has been found as to when Fulton was sworn in, but one source refers to Pope saying his term would not end until March 28,[24] and another notes Fulton's commission did not arrive until March 24,[25] when he was out of state.[26]
  8. Fulton served as governor until statehood, when he was elected to the United States Senate.[27]
  9. Arkansas became a state on June 15, 1836, but Conway was not sworn in until September 13. Sourcing indicates that Fulton served until Conway's inauguration.[28]
  10. According to the numbering generally used, acting governors are not numbered.[48]
  11. The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1864 and abolished in 1874. It was recreated in 1914, and was not filled until 1927. The amendment to the constitution creating the office was narrowly voted in by the electorate in 1914. The Speaker of the House declared that the measure had lost, because even though it had received the majority of the votes cast for that particular ballot measure, winning 45,567 to 45,206, it had not received the majority of votes cast across the whole election, determined by looking at the question on the ballot with the highest total number of votes for or against. On that ballot, this figure was 135,517 votes, so it was ruled that at least 67,758 votes in favor would have been required for the measure to pass, essentially counting blank votes as votes against. In 1925, it was discovered that a 1910 law amended this requirement such that only a majority of the votes on the specific question was required. Therefore, the 1914 initiative was declared to be valid.[46]
  12. Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  13. Yell resigned to successfully run for the United States House of Representatives.[53]
  14. Drew resigned due to the low salary he received as governor.[59]
  15. Roane was out of state enough in 1851 that John R. Hampton, president of the Senate, was sworn in as acting governor on June 25, 1851.[65] However, Sobel states Hampton was acting governor in September 1851.[66] No source has been found as to when Roane returned to active work.
  16. Roane was elected in a special election to fill the remainder of the term vacated by Thomas S. Drew's resignation.[68]
  17. Conway was out of state in 1857, and president of the Senate John R. Hampton was sworn in as acting governor and served from April 21 to September 14.[66]
  18. Rector resigned two weeks before the end of his term, having lost re-election. Sources suggest he resigned because he was so badly defeated in the election,[75] or because the new constitution would shorten his term.[77]
  19. This term was shortened to two years due to the 1861 constitution moving the election schedule.[78]
  20. Sobel's entry on Fletcher mixes information with a similarly named man who ran for governor twice; even contemporary sources would confuse the two. Sobel's reference is included here for consistency with the other entries: [79]
  21. Governor-elect Flanagin was not sworn in until November 15, 1862;[32] in the interim, Fletcher acted as governor.[77][81] Fletcher is omitted from most lists of Arkansas governors.
  22. Some sources state Flanagin left office on April 18, 1864, but that was when Isaac Murphy was sworn in as governor by occupation authorities after winning the 1864 election. Following the evacuation of Little Rock on September 10, 1863, Flanagin was governor in exile at Washington, Arkansas.[84] Flanagin's last official act as governor was to preside over the Arkansas State Military Board during its final meeting at Washington on June 1, 1865;[85] six days after the Trans-Mississippi Department was surrendered to Union authorities at New Orleans.
  23. Flanagin evacuated Little Rock before it fell to Union forces on September 10, 1863, leading a government in exile at Washington, Arkansas, until the end of the Civil War. Isaac Murphy was sworn in as provisional governor by occupation authorities on January 20, 1864, and elected in his own right under Lincoln's "ten percent plan" (taking office on April 18, 1864), thus causing an overlap in terms.
  24. On March 14, 1864, a new state constitution was ratified by Union men of Arkansas under President Lincoln's "ten percent plan" in an election supervised by Union occupation authorities; however, it had no effect on Flanagin's government in exile at Washington.[87]
  25. Murphy was chosen as provisional governor by the Unionist constitutional convention on January 20, 1864;[87] he refused to exercise power until the constitution was ratified and he was elected by popular vote. He was formally inaugurated on April 18.[88]
  26. Clayton resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate. He had delayed his resignation to prevent Lieutenant Governor Johnson from succeeding him; party machinations led to Johnson's resignation and acceptance of the office of secretary of state, so that Hadley, as president pro tempore of the senate, could act as governor for the remainder of the term.[95]
  27. Baxter was ousted by Joseph Brooks on April 15, 1874, triggering the Brooks–Baxter War. He was reinstated on May 19.[99]
  28. Baxter received the Democratic nomination, but declined.[100]
  29. This term was shortened to two years by the 1874 constitution.[35]
  30. Garland instead ran successfully for United States Senate.[104]
  31. Miller lost the Democratic nomination to Thomas James Churchill.[110]
  32. Hughes lost the Democratic nomination to James Philip Eagle.[121]
  33. Fishback was out of state for a period in 1893; during that time, Clay Sloan, president of the Senate, acted as governor.[125]
  34. Clarke instead ran unsuccessfully for nomination to the United States Senate.[131]
  35. Davis instead ran successfully for United States Senate.[136]
  36. Little resigned after suffering a nervous breakdown soon after taking office.[141]
  37. President of the Senate Moore acted as governor until the legislature adjourned,[143] at which time a new president pro tempore of the Senate was chosen, Pindall, who acted as governor until his senate term expired.[144] For the remaining three days of the gubernatorial term, Martin, the new president pro tempore of the Senate, acted as governor.[141] Further complicating the situation, Pindall was out of state from May 9 to May 14, 1908, during which time Allen Hamiter, speaker of the House, served as acting governor.[141]
  38. Donaghey lost the Democratic nomination to Joseph Taylor Robinson.[150]
  39. Robinson resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate.[152]
  40. Oldham acted as governor for six days before a new president of the senate was elected.[155] The new president, Futrell, acted as governor[157] until Hays was elected in a special election to fill the remainder of the term.[158] Conflict over whether or not Futrell could succeed Oldham as acting governor led to the Arkansas Supreme Court ruling that he could.[159]
  41. Terral lost the Democratic nomination to John Ellis Martineau.[173]
  42. Martineau resigned to be a judge on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas[178]
  43. Bailey lost the Democratic nomination to Homer Martin Adkins.[186]
  44. Adkins instead ran unsuccessfully for nomination to the United States Senate.[190]
  45. McMath lost the Democratic nomination to Francis Cherry.[194]
  46. Cherry lost the Democratic nomination to Orval Faubus.[197]
  47. Bumpers resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate.[206]
  48. Pryor resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate.[214]
  49. Represented the Democratic Party
  50. Clinton resigned to be President of the United States.[217]
  51. First term under a 1984 constitutional amendment, which lengthened terms to four years.[36]
  52. Tucker resigned after being convicted of mail fraud in the Whitewater controversy;[222]
  53. Represented the Republican Party
  54. Sanders' first term will expire January 12, 2027.

References
General
  • "Former Arkansas Governors". National Governors Association. Retrieved December 20, 2022.
  • "Governor, Office of the". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved December 20, 2022.
  • Herndon, Dallas Tabor (1922). Centennial History of Arkansas. Southern Historical Press. ISBN 978-0-89308-068-6. Retrieved August 3, 2010.
  • Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. I. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466015. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
  • McMullin, Thomas A. (1984). Biographical directory of American territorial governors. Westport, CT : Meckler. ISBN 978-0-930466-11-4. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
Constitutions
Specific
  1. Council of State Governments. "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries - 2016" (PDF). Retrieved August 21, 2019.
  2. AR Const. art. VI
  3. "Arkansas History Timeline (1819–1861)". Historic Arkansas Museum. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
  4. 3 Stat. 493
  5. Bird, Allen W. (May 21, 2019). "Robert Crittenden (1797–1834)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  6. McMullin pp. 57–59
  7. U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 15th Cong., 2nd sess., 3 March 1819, 184. Accessed January 31, 2023.
  8. Clements, Derek Allen (March 19, 2019). "James Miller (1776–1851)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  9. U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 17th Cong., 2nd sess., 3 January 1823, 318. Accessed February 19, 2023.
  10. Ledbetter, Cal (1988). "General James Miller: Hawthorne's Hero in Arkansas". The Arkansas Historical Quarterly. 47 (2): 109. doi:10.2307/40038144. ISSN 0004-1823.
  11. McMullin pp. 59–60
  12. U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 18th Cong., 2nd sess., 22 February 1825, 416. Accessed January 31, 2023.
  13. U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 18th Cong., 2nd sess., 3 March 1825, 426. Accessed January 31, 2023.
  14. Goodner, Wes (April 12, 2022). "George Izard (1776–1828)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  15. U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 20th Cong., 1st sess., 9 January 1828, 591. Accessed January 31, 2023.
  16. McMullin pp. 61–62
  17. U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 20th Cong., 2nd sess., 6 January 1829, 630. Accessed January 31, 2023.
  18. U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 21st Cong., special sess., 9 March 1829, 8–9. Accessed January 31, 2023.
  19. "John Pope Takes Office As Governor of Arkansas Territory". The Arkansas Gazette. June 3, 1829. p. 3. Retrieved January 31, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 22nd Cong., 1st sess., 23 March 1832, 231. Accessed January 31, 2023.
  21. McMullin pp. 62–64
  22. U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 23rd Cong., 2nd sess., 2 February 1835, 464. Accessed January 31, 2023.
  23. U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 23rd Cong., 2nd sess., 23 February 1835, 471. Accessed January 31, 2023.
  24. "none". Arkansas Times and Advocate. March 6, 1835. p. 2. Retrieved January 31, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  25. "The New Governor and Secretary". The Arkansas Gazette. March 24, 1835. p. 3. Retrieved January 31, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. "none". Arkansas Times and Advocate. March 27, 1835. p. 2. Retrieved January 31, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  27. "Fulton, William Savin". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
  28. Hempstead, Fay (1911). Historical Review of Arkansas: Its Commerce, Industry and Modern Affairs, Volume 1. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
  29. 5 Stat. 50
  30. "Secession Ordinances of 13 Confederate States". University of Houston. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  31. An Act to admit the State of Arkansas into the Confederacy Archived August 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, accessed July 8, 2015
  32. Dougan, Michael B. (December 6, 2022). "Harris Flanagin (1817–1874)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 2, 2023.
  33. 15 Stat. 72
  34. 1836 Const. art. V, § 4
  35. AR Const. art. VI, § 1
  36. AR Const. amendment 63
  37. Wickline, Michael R. (November 4, 2020). "2 issues on state ballot approved by voters". Arkansas Online.
  38. "State Term Limits". Retrieved October 11, 2016.
  39. 1836 Const. art. V, § 18
  40. 1861 Const. art. V, § 18
  41. 1864 Const. art. VI, § 19
  42. 1864 Const. art. VI, § 20
  43. 1864 Const. art. VI, § 23
  44. 1868 Const. art. VI, § 1
  45. AR Const. art. VI, § 12
  46. "About The Office – Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas". Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  47. Bryant v. English, 311 Ark. 187 (Arkansas Supreme Court 1992).
  48. "Office of the Governor". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  49. Sobel p. 63
  50. "James Sevier Conway". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
  51. William, C. Fred (June 24, 2022). "James Sevier Conway (1796–1855)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
  52. Sobel pp. 64–65
  53. "Archibald Yell". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
  54. Dougan, Michael B. (November 9, 2020). "Archibald Yell (1797?–1847)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
  55. Sobel pp. 64–65
  56. "Samuel Adams". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
  57. Manning, Jaci (January 26, 2022). "Samuel Adams (1805–1850)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
  58. Sobel p. 65
  59. "Thomas Stevenson Drew". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
  60. Roberts, Bobby (May 16, 2019). "Thomas Stevenson Drew (1802–1879)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
  61. "The Inaugural of the Governor". Weekly Arkansas Gazette. November 13, 1844. Retrieved February 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. Thomas S. Drew, our Governor elect, was installed into office, on last Saturday..."; "Saturday, Nov. 9: This day being set part for the inauguration of the Governor, nothing was done.
  62. Sobel pp. 65–66
  63. "Richard C. Byrd". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
  64. "none". The Arkansas Banner. January 16, 1849. p. 2. Retrieved February 1, 2023. The General Assemply adjourned sine die on Wednesday, the 10th inst., after accepting the resignation of Gov. Drew
  65. "none". The Arkansas Banner. July 1, 1851. p. 2. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
  66. Sobel p. 67
  67. Sobel p. 66
  68. "John Selden Roane". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
  69. Roberts, Bobby (April 27, 2021). "John Selden Roane (1817–1867)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
  70. Sobel pp. 67–68
  71. "Elias Nelson Conway". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
  72. Worthen, William B. (April 12, 2022). "Elias Nelson Conway (1812–1892)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
  73. Sobel pp. 68–69
  74. "Henry Massey Rector". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 2, 2023.
  75. Whayne, Jeannie; Dougan, Michael B.; Moore, Waddy W. (May 13, 2022). "Henry Massie Rector (1816–1899)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 2, 2023.
  76. "none". The Arkansian. November 24, 1860. p. 2. Retrieved February 1, 2023. Judge Henry M. Rector, Governor elect was inaugurated on Thursday the 15th inst., ...
  77. Hempstead, Fay (1911). Historical Review of Arkansas: Its Commerce, Industry and Modern Affairs, Volume 1. Lewis Publishing Company. p. 250. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
  78. 1861 Const. art. IV, § 8
  79. Sobel p. 69
  80. "no title". Weekly Arkansas Gazette. Little Rock, Arkansas. November 8, 1862. p. 2. Retrieved February 2, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  81. "no title". Weekly Arkansas Gazette. Little Rock, Arkansas. November 8, 1862. p. 2. Retrieved July 13, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  82. Sobel p. 70
  83. "Harris Flanagin". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  84. "Office of the Governor". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
  85. Minute Book of the Military Board of Arkansas, 1862-1865. Washington, Arkansas. p. 228.
  86. "Governor, Office of the". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved December 20, 2022.
  87. Miller, Adam (February 8, 2022). "Union Occupation of Arkansas". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  88. Sobel pp. 70–71
  89. "Isaac Murphy". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  90. Dougan, Michael B. (December 31, 2022). "Isaac Murphy (1799–1882)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  91. Herndon p. 287
  92. Sobel pp. 71–72
  93. "Powell Clayton". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  94. Moneyhon, Carl H. (September 2, 2021). "Powell Clayton (1833–1914)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  95. Dougan, Micahel B. (September 28, 2022). "Ozro Amander Hadley (1826–1915)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  96. Herndon p. 293
  97. Sobel p. 72
  98. "Ozra A. Hadley". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  99. Moneyhon, Carl H. (August 25, 2022). "Brooks-Baxter War". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  100. Sobel p. 73
  101. "Elisha Baxter". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  102. Dougan, Micahel B. (May 13, 2022). "Elisha Baxter (1827–1899)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  103. Herndon p. 306
  104. Sobel pp. 73–74
  105. "Augustus Hill Garland". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  106. Watkins, Beverly. "Augustus Hill Garland (1832–1899)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  107. Sobel pp. 74–75
  108. "William Read Miller". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  109. Dougan, Michael B. (March 19, 2019). "William Read Miller (1823–1887)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  110. "Miller loses nomination". Daily Arkansas Gazette. June 5, 1880. p. 4. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  111. Sobel pp. 75–76
  112. "Thomas James Churchill". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  113. Montgomery, Don (November 19, 2020). "Thomas James Churchill (1824–1905)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  114. Sobel p. 76
  115. "James Henderson Berry". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  116. Balogh, George W. (June 30, 2021). "James Henderson Berry (1841–1913)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  117. Sobel p. 77
  118. "Simon P. Hughes". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  119. Readnour, Harry W. (February 14, 2022). "Simon Pollard Hughes (1830–1906)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  120. "Simon H. Hughes Inaugurated". Vicksburg Evening Post. January 15, 1885. p. 1. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  121. "Hughes loses nomination". Daily Arkansas Gazette. June 6, 1888. p. 4. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  122. Sobel pp. 77–78
  123. "James Philip Eagle". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  124. Williams, C. Fred (October 12, 2022). "James Philip Eagle (1837–1904)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  125. Sobel p. 78
  126. Sobel p. 79
  127. "William Meade Fishback". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  128. Readnour, Harry W. (October 24, 2022). "William Meade Fishback (1831–1903)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  129. Sobel pp. 79–80
  130. "James Paul Clarke". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  131. Niswonger, Richard L. (July 1, 2021). "James Paul Clarke (1854–1916)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  132. Sobel p. 80
  133. "Daniel Webster Jones". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  134. Niswonger, Richard L. (March 19, 2019). "Daniel Webster Jones (1839–1918)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  135. Sobel pp. 80–81
  136. "Jefferson Davis". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  137. Arsenault, Raymond O. (October 25, 2022). "Jeff Davis (1862–1913)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  138. "Gov. Jeff Davis". Pine Bluff Daily Graphic. January 20, 1901. p. 4. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  139. Sobel pp. 81–82
  140. "John Sebastian Little". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  141. Gatewood, Willard B. (October 12, 2019). "John Sebastian Little (1851–1916)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  142. Sobel p. 82
  143. "John Isaac Moore". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  144. "Xenophon Overton Pindall". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  145. Sobel pp. 82–83
  146. Goodner, Wes (March 19, 2019). "Xenophon Overton Pindall (1873–1935)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  147. Sobel p. 83
  148. "George W. Donaghey". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  149. Ledbetter, Cal (May 21, 2019). "George Washington Donaghey (1856–1937)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  150. "Does Not Concede Donaghey's Defeat". Daily Arkansas Gazette. March 28, 1912. p. 1. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  151. Sobel p. 84
  152. "Joseph Taylor Robinson". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  153. Weller, Cecil Edward Jr. (October 13, 2022). "Joseph Taylor Robinson (1872–1937)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  154. Sobel pp. 84–85
  155. "William Kavanaugh Oldham". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  156. "Gov. Robinson's Busy Day". Baltimore Sun. March 10, 1913. Retrieved February 4, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. March 8: Gov. Joe T. Robinson today ... signed his own commission as United States Senator and completed the day's activity by sending his resignation as Governor...
  157. "Junius Marion Futrell". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  158. "George Washington Hays". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  159. Futrell v. Oldham, 107 Ark. 386 (Arkansas Supreme Court 1913).
  160. Sobel p. 85
  161. Dougan, Michael B. (January 19, 2023). "Junius Marion Futrell (1870–1955)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  162. Sobel p. 86
  163. Niswonger, Richard L. (March 4, 2022). "George Washington Hays (1863–1927)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  164. "Geo. W. Hays Now Governor". Newport Daily Independent. August 6, 1913. p. 1. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  165. Sobel pp. 86–87
  166. "Charles Hillman Brough". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  167. Dougan, Michael B. (December 5, 2022). "Charles Hillman Brough (1876–1935)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  168. "Brough Inaugurated Governor of State". The Newark Journal. January 11, 1917. p. 1. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  169. Sobel pp. 87–88
  170. "Thomas Chapman McRae". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  171. Clements, Derek Allen (October 25, 2022). "Thomas Chipman McRae (1851–1929)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  172. "Inauguration of Gov. Thomas C. M'Rae Held This Afternoon". Little Rock Daily News. January 12, 1921. p. 1. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  173. Sobel p. 88
  174. "Thomas Jefferson Terral". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  175. Clements, Derek Allen (October 13, 2022). "Thomas Jefferson Terral (1882–1946)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  176. "Terral Takes Oath As Arkansas Chief". The Atlanta Constitution. January 15, 1925. p. 18. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  177. Sobel p. 89
  178. "John Ellis Martineau". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  179. Miller, Leon C.; Moneyhon, Carl H. (October 13, 2022). "John Ellis Martineau (1873–1937)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  180. Sobel pp. 89–90
  181. "Harvey Parnell". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  182. Salamo, Pamela (October 13, 2022). "Harvey Parnell (1880–1936)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  183. "Martineau In As Judge". The Kansas City Times. March 15, 1928. p. 5. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  184. Sobel pp. 90–91
  185. "Carl Edward Bailey". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  186. Holley, Donald (October 13, 2022). "Carl Edward Bailey (1894–1948)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  187. Sobel p. 91
  188. "Homer Martin Adkins". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  189. Williams, Patrick G. (January 18, 2023). "Homer Martin Adkins (1890–1964)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  190. Barnes, Bart (February 10, 1995). "J.W. Fulbright, Outspoken Senator-Scholar, Dies". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
  191. Sobel p. 92
  192. "Benjamin Travis Laney". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  193. Forgey, Tom (May 21, 2019). "Benjamin Travis Laney Jr. (1896–1977)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  194. Sobel pp. 92–93
  195. "Sidney Sanders McMath". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  196. Williams, C. Fred (January 3, 2023). "Sid McMath (1912–2003)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  197. Sobel pp. 93–94
  198. "Francis Adams Cherry". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  199. Dougan, Michael B. (October 24, 2022). "Francis Adams Cherry (1908–1965)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  200. Sobel pp. 94–95
  201. "Orval Eugene Faubus". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  202. Reed, Roy (January 12, 2023). "Orval Eugene Faubus (1910–1994)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  203. Sobel pp. 95–96
  204. "Winthrop Rockefeller". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  205. Dillard, Tom W. (January 2, 2023). "Winthrop Rockefeller (1912–1973)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  206. Sobel p. 96
  207. "Dale Bumpers". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  208. Durning, Dan (July 6, 2022). "Dale Leon Bumpers (1925–2016)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  209. Sobel pp. 96–97
  210. Bass, Harold F. (December 21, 2022). "Bob Cowley Riley (1924–1994)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  211. Sobel pp. 97–98
  212. "David Hampton Pryor". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  213. Barth, Jay (November 9, 2022). "David Hampton Pryor (1934–)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  214. "Pryor Leaves Office to Take Senate Post". The Memphis Press-Scimitar. January 3, 1979. p. 25. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  215. Dumas, Ernest (October 6, 2022). "Joe Edward Purcell (1923–1987)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  216. "William Jefferson Clinton". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  217. Dumas, Ernest (January 19, 2023). "Bill Clinton". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  218. "Frank D. White". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  219. Dillard, Tom W. (July 1, 2022). "Frank Durward White (1933–2003)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  220. "Jim Guy Tucker". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  221. Whayne, Jeannie M. (February 24, 2021). "Jim Guy Tucker Jr. (1943–)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  222. Melton, R.H.; Haddigan, Michael (May 29, 1996). "Three Guilty in Arkansas Fraud Trial". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  223. "Mike Huckabee". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  224. Berry, Trey (December 15, 2022). "Mike Huckabee (1955–)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  225. "Mike Beebe". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  226. Barth, Jay (January 14, 2022). "Mickey Dale (Mike) Beebe (1946–)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  227. "Asa Hutchinson". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  228. Thomas, Felicia; Barth, Jay; Johnson, Ben F. III (December 12, 2022). "Asa Hutchinson (1950–)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  229. "Sarah Huckabee Sanders". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  230. Pruden, William H. III (January 30, 2023). "Sarah Huckabee Sanders (1982–)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
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