Dezful
Dezful (Persian: دزفول, pronounced [dɛzˈfuːl], Dezfuli dialect: Desfil, pronounced [desˈfiːl]) also Romanized as Dezfūl and Dezfool; also known as Dīzfūl[2] and Ab I Diz[3] is a city and capital of Dezful County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2011 census, its population was 420,000 people in 105,000 families.[4] In 2006, the city had 228,507 inhabitants.[5][6]
Dezful
دزفول | |
|---|---|
City | |
   | |
| Nicknames: دسفیل ,دژپل, desfeal, dezhpoll | |
  Dezful | |
| Coordinates: 32°22′57″N 48°24′07″E | |
| Country | Iran |
| Province | Khuzestan |
| County | Dezful |
| Bakhsh | Central |
| Elevation | 150 m (490 ft) |
| Population (2016 Census) | |
| • Urban | 264,709 [1] |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
| Area code | 061 |
Dezful is located 721 kilometers away from the national capital of Tehran and 155 kilometres away from the provincial capital of Ahvaz. The city is located 300 kilometres from the Persian Gulf and is at an altitude of 143 meters.
The city is located at the foot of the Zagros Mountains and has a history that dates back to the Sassanian era. The area around Dezful has been home to civilizations for 5000 years.[7]
Located in an area with a history that extends back to ancient civilization, the city houses a bridge that dates back to 300 AD.[8]
Etymology
The name Dezful has been derived from the two words diz (fortress) + pul (bridge), which in combination could stand for 'the bridge to the fortress' or 'fortified bridge' in Persian language.[9][10] The original name of the city was Dezhpul, but after the Muslim conquest of Persia, the city was renamed Dezful,[9] since the Arabic language does not have 'p' and 'zh' sounds.
History
Dezful is one of the oldest cities in the Khuzestan province. According to Walther Hinz excavations, Awan (capital of the first Elam empire) was located in Dezful. The bridge was built during the reign of Shapur I who used Roman prisoners of war after the Battle of Edessa to build the bridge.[11]
People
The people of Dezful, known as Dezfuli, Dezfoolians or Dezfulians, speak Dezfuli – a dialect distinct to Dezful – and Shushtari, which is sometimes considered the most archaic of Persian dialects.[12]
Geography
Dezful sits close to the foothills of the Zagros Mountains on the main north-south highway from Tehran to Ahvaz, the provincial capital of Khuzestan. The main rail line from Tehran to the Persian Gulf is 15 km (9 mi) from Dezful, on the opposite side of the Dez River.
Climate
Dezful has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh) with extremely hot summers and mild winters. Rainfall is higher than most of southern Iran, but is almost exclusively confined to the period from November to April, though on occasions it can exceed 250 millimetres (9.8 in) per month or 600 millimetres (24 in) per year.[13]
| Climate data for Dezful | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 28.0 (82.4) |
29.0 (84.2) |
36.0 (96.8) |
40.5 (104.9) |
46.5 (115.7) |
50.7 (123.3) |
53.6 (128.5) |
52.0 (125.6) |
48.0 (118.4) |
43.0 (109.4) |
35.0 (95.0) |
29.0 (84.2) |
53.6 (128.5) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 17.2 (63.0) |
19.6 (67.3) |
24.1 (75.4) |
30.0 (86.0) |
37.5 (99.5) |
43.7 (110.7) |
46.0 (114.8) |
44.9 (112.8) |
41.7 (107.1) |
34.8 (94.6) |
26.2 (79.2) |
19.3 (66.7) |
32.1 (89.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.8 (51.4) |
13.2 (55.8) |
17.3 (63.1) |
22.8 (73.0) |
29.9 (85.8) |
35.1 (95.2) |
37.0 (98.6) |
35.8 (96.4) |
32.0 (89.6) |
25.6 (78.1) |
17.9 (64.2) |
12.5 (54.5) |
24.2 (75.5) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 5.3 (41.5) |
6.8 (44.2) |
10.0 (50.0) |
14.7 (58.5) |
20.5 (68.9) |
23.8 (74.8) |
26.2 (79.2) |
25.5 (77.9) |
21.1 (70.0) |
16.2 (61.2) |
10.8 (51.4) |
6.8 (44.2) |
15.6 (60.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −9 (16) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−2 (28) |
3.0 (37.4) |
10.0 (50.0) |
16.0 (60.8) |
19.0 (66.2) |
16.5 (61.7) |
10.0 (50.0) |
6.0 (42.8) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−2 (28) |
−9 (16) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 100.6 (3.96) |
60.0 (2.36) |
50.2 (1.98) |
34.5 (1.36) |
9.2 (0.36) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.2 (0.01) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
7.4 (0.29) |
39.1 (1.54) |
83.2 (3.28) |
384.4 (15.14) |
| Average rainy days | 9.9 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 6.5 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 6.2 | 8.0 | 52 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 75 | 68 | 59 | 49 | 32 | 22 | 24 | 28 | 29 | 40 | 59 | 73 | 47 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 131.6 | 158.4 | 192.3 | 217.7 | 272.5 | 325.6 | 322.7 | 317.0 | 291.3 | 234.8 | 158.2 | 121.9 | 2,744 |
| Source: NOAA (1961-1990) [14] | |||||||||||||
Transportation
There are direct flights from Tehran to Dezful (and reverse) at least twice a day. There are also weekly flights from Dezful to Mashhad (mawhad or mašhad). Dezful can also be reached by the Iranian railways.
Buses are available from almost all Iranian major cities to Dezful or one of its adjacent cities. Trains of the Trans-Iranian Railway serve the neighboring town of Andimeshk.
See also
- Battle of Dezful
- Morteza Ansari, a famous Shia jurisprudent
- Gholam Ali Rashid, Iranian commander from Dezful
References
- "Statistical Center of Iran > Home".
- Dezful can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3061127" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 04 (11th ed.). 1911.
- "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)". Islamic Republic of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 2016-10-06.
- Census85 Archived 2007-06-01 at the Wayback Machine - (Statistical Center of Iran (in Persian))
- Population and Housing Census Archived 2007-10-06 at the Wayback Machine
- ""دزفول" شهری از سپیده دم تاریخ".
- سايت اداره ميراث فرهنگي ، صنايع دستي و گردشگري شهرستان دزفول Archived 2008-10-13 at the Wayback Machine
- "اخبار استان های ایران". www.dezfulshenasi.mihanblog.com. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
- Everett-Heath, John (2019-10-24). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780191882913.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-188291-3.
- Hartung, Fritz; Kuros, Gh. R. (1987), "Historische Talsperren im Iran", in Garbrecht, Günther (ed.), Historische Talsperren, vol. 1, Stuttgart: Verlag Konrad Wittwer, pp. 221–274 (232), ISBN 3-87919-145-X
- "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica".
- "اداره کل هواشناسی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری". www.chaharmahalmet.ir. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
- "Dezful Climate Normals 1961-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 28, 2012.
- "خبرگزاری صداوسیما | IRIB News". Archived from the original on 2015-06-10. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
Sources
External links
- Persian Language and Dezful Tourism
- Azarkish Dezful
- Dezful Tourism
- Dezful News Network
- Dezful Magazine
- Dezful Unofficial Website
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