Eurovision Song Contest 1994

The Eurovision Song Contest 1994 was the 39th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Dublin, Ireland, following the country's victory at the 1993 contest with the song "In Your Eyes" by Niamh Kavanagh. It was the first time that any country had hosted the contest two years in a row. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ), the contest was held at the Point Theatre on 30 April 1994. It was presented by Irish television and radio presenters Cynthia Ní Mhurchú and Gerry Ryan. This remains the last time that the contest has been held in a month other than May.

Eurovision Song Contest 1994
Dates
Final30 April 1994
Host
VenuePoint Theatre,
Dublin, Ireland
Presenter(s)Cynthia Ní Mhurchú
Gerry Ryan
Musical directorNoel Kelehan
Directed byPatrick Cowap
Executive supervisorChristian Clausen
Executive producerMoya Doherty
Host broadcasterRadio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ)
Websiteeurovision.tv/event/dublin-1994
Participants
Number of entries25
Debuting countries
Returning countriesNone
Non-returning countries
Participation map
  • A coloured map of the countries of Europe
         Participating countries     Countries that participated in the past but not in 1994
Vote
Voting systemEach country awarded 12, 10, 8-1 point(s) to their 10 favourite songs
Nul points Lithuania
Winning song Ireland
"Rock 'n' Roll Kids"

Twenty-five countries participated in the contest, equalling the record of the 1993 edition. A total of seven countries took part in the contest for the first time; Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia and Slovakia. To cope with the increasing number of countries wishing to participate in the contest, the EBU ruled that the seven lowest-placed countries from the preceding year's contest could not participate. Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Israel, Luxembourg, Slovenia and Turkey were therefore relegated based on these new rules. However, due to the withdrawal of Italy, Cyprus avoided relegation. Italy would not return to the contest until three years later.[1] On the other hand, Luxembourg will not return to the contest for the next 30 years, until 2024.[2]

For the third time in a row Ireland won the contest with the song "Rock 'n' Roll Kids", performed by Paul Harrington and Charlie McGettigan, and written by Brendan Graham. Never before had a country won 3 times in a row in the history of the contest. At the same time, it was also a record sixth win, cementing Ireland as the country with the most wins in Eurovision history. Poland, Germany, Hungary and Malta rounded out the top five. Poland achieved the best result for a debut entry since 1957, and would remain as the record holder in that regard until 2007.

For the first time in Eurovision history, voting was done via satellite instead of by telephone, and as a result, viewers could see the spokespeople onscreen.[3]

Location
The Point Theatre, Dublin – host venue of the 1994 contest.

Ireland hosted the contest for the fifth time after winning the 1993 contest in Millstreet. Dublin was chosen to be the host city, making it the fourth time that the Eurovision Song Contest was staged in the Irish capital. For the first time, the venue for the contest was the Point Theatre located on the North Wall Quay of the River Liffey, amongst the Dublin Docklands.

Contest overview

The contest opened with a brief film starring Macnas, a popular street group celebrating Walpurgis Night, with a replica Viking longboat sailing through the river Liffey with stars floating in water, fireworks and various caricatures dancing around various central Dublin locations. The cameras then went live to the venue itself, where dancers dressed in white and wearing caricatured heads of well-known Irish figures, arrived on stage carrying European countries’ flags. The presenters entered the stage spectacularly from a bridge which descended from the roof of the theatre.

This year's video postcards had a literary theme, showing contestants reading, fishing and doing other activities around Ireland while others doing in a separate studio (i.e. singing their snippet from their songs, doing photoshoots and others). The stage, by Paula Farrell, was four times larger than the Millstreet stage, and its design which included a city scene of skyscrapers and video screens plus a backdrop of an ever-changing night sky was based upon the concept of what a futuristic Dublin might look like with one remaining constant being the river Liffey. The floor was painted with dark blue reflective paint to give a watery effect resembling Dublin bay.

During the dress rehearsal, Polish representative Edyta Górniak broke the contest's rules by singing her song in English. The dress rehearsal is the performance shown to the juries who would select the winner. Only six countries demanded that Poland should be disqualified, though the rules required thirteen countries to complain before Poland could be removed from the competition.[4] The proposed removal did not occur and Poland went on to come 2nd in the contest, the highest placing that any country's debut song had ever achieved until 2007 (the winner in 1956 was Switzerland's second song of the night).[5][6]

When the voting started, Hungary took the lead from the first six juries and were well ahead of all the other countries. However, Ireland powered their way through the score board ending up the winners with a 60-point lead over second-placed Poland.

The interval act was the first-ever performance of the Irish dancing spectacular Riverdance, a then-unknown Irish act which combines folk music with modern dance. After being featured in the contest, Riverdance became a global phenomenon, arguably even eclipsing the popularity of the winning song and remaining popular to this day.[7]

Participating countries

Qualification

In order to allow new countries to participate in the contest, a relegation system was announced by the EBU in summer of 1993. The bottom seven countries from the 1993 contest were prevented from participating to allow seven new countries to make their debut. As the seven countries to place the lowest the previous year, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Israel, Luxembourg, Slovenia and Turkey were the countries to take part in the first relegation, to make room for entries from Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia and Slovakia.[7][8] Italy subsequently declined to participate in the 1994 contest, allowing Cyprus, as the highest-placed relegated country in 1993, to be readmitted.[8]

Conductors

With the exception of Ireland, each performance had a conductor who directed the orchestra.[9][8] Ireland's Noel Kelehan, the musical director and a Eurovision veteran, conducted the songs from three countries, but not his home country's song.[lower-alpha 1]

Returning artists
Artist Country Previous year(s)
Evridiki  Cyprus 1983 (backing singer for Stavros and Constantina), 1987 (backing singer for Alexia), 1992
Sigga  Iceland 1990 (part of Stjórnin), 1992 (member of Heart 2 Heart)
Elisabeth Andreasson (with Jan Werner Danielsen)  Norway 1982 (for  Sweden, member of Chips), 1985 (member of Bobbysocks!)
Marie Bergman (with Roger Pontare)  Sweden 1971 and 1972 (member of Family Four)
Rhonda Heath (backing vocalist for MeKaDo)  Germany 1977 (member of Silver Convention)

Participants and results
R/O Country Artist Song Language[10][11] Points Place[12]
1  Sweden Marie Bergman and Roger Pontare "Stjärnorna" Swedish 48 13
2  Finland CatCat "Bye Bye Baby" Finnish[lower-alpha 2] 11 22
3  Ireland Paul Harrington and Charlie McGettigan "Rock 'n' Roll Kids" English 226 1
4  Cyprus Evridiki "Ime anthropos ki ego" (Είμαι άνθρωπος κι εγώ) Greek 51 11
5  Iceland Sigga "Nætur" Icelandic 49 12
6  United Kingdom Frances Ruffelle "We Will Be Free (Lonely Symphony)" English 63 10
7  Croatia Tony Cetinski "Nek' ti bude ljubav sva" Croatian 27 16
8  Portugal Sara Tavares "Chamar a música" Portuguese 73 8
9  Switzerland Duilio "Sto pregando" Italian 15 19
10  Estonia Silvi Vrait "Nagu merelaine" Estonian 2 24
11  Romania Dan Bittman "Dincolo de nori" Romanian 14 21
12  Malta Moira Stafrace and Christopher Scicluna "More than Love" English 97 5
13  Netherlands Willeke Alberti "Waar is de zon" Dutch 4 23
14  Germany Mekado "Wir geben 'ne Party" German[lower-alpha 2] 128 3
15  Slovakia Martin Ďurinda and Tublatanka "Nekonečná pieseň" Slovak 15 19
16  Lithuania Ovidijus Vyšniauskas "Lopšinė mylimai" Lithuanian 0 25
17  Norway Elisabeth Andreasson and Jan Werner Danielsen "Duett" Norwegian 76 6
18  Bosnia and Herzegovina Alma and Dejan "Ostani kraj mene" Bosnian 39 15
19  Greece Kostas Bigalis and the Sea Lovers "To trehandiri (Diri Diri)" (Το τρεχαντήρι (Ντίρι Ντίρι)) Greek 44 14
20  Austria Petra Frey "Für den Frieden der Welt" German 19 17
21  Spain Alejandro Abad "Ella no es ella" Spanish 17 18
22  Hungary Friderika Bayer "Kinek mondjam el vétkeimet?" Hungarian 122 4
23  Russia Youddiph "Vechny strannik" [n 1] (Вечный странник) Russian 70 9
24  Poland Edyta Górniak "To nie ja!" Polish 166 2
25  France Nina Morato "Je suis un vrai garçon" French 74 7

Notes:

  1. "Vechny strannik" was performed under the title "Eternal Wanderer"

Detailed voting results

Jury voting was used to determine the points awarded by all countries.[13] The announcement of the results from each country was conducted in the order in which they performed, with the spokespersons announcing their country's points in English or French in ascending order.[14] The detailed breakdown of the points awarded by each country is listed in the tables below.

Detailed voting results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1994[13][15][16]
Total score
Sweden
Finland
Ireland
Cyprus
Iceland
United Kingdom
Croatia
Portugal
Switzerland
Estonia
Romania
Malta
Netherlands
Germany
Slovakia
Lithuania
Norway
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Greece
Austria
Spain
Hungary
Russia
Poland
France
Contestants
 Sweden 48272365510512
Finland 11110
Ireland 226107812101212121085121261012101010101288
Cyprus 51103525124253
Iceland 498166331336144
United Kingdom 631568852432413353
Croatia 2710125
Portugal 7355888513127416
Switzerland 15825
Estonia 22
Romania 14626
Malta 9746102174671013107127
Netherlands 44
Germany 128635677101031247417281277
Slovakia 15123
Lithuania 0
Norway 76731014318472161558
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3924787110
Greece 4424126415442
Austria 19173215
Spain 175282
Hungary 122121212102514421078383127
Russia 70434512135663466101
Poland 1668716128710127281041268128612
France 7432456688727106

12 points

The below table summarises how the maximum 12 points were awarded from one country to another. The winning country is shown in bold.

Distribution of 12 points awarded at the Eurovision Song Contest 1994[15][16]
N. Contestant Nation(s) giving 12 points
8  Ireland Croatia,  Germany,  Iceland,  Netherlands,  Norway,  Portugal,  Russia,  Switzerland
5  Poland Austria,  Estonia,  France,  Lithuania,  United Kingdom
4  Hungary Ireland,  Finland,  Poland,  Sweden
2  Germany Hungary,  Romania
1  Croatia Slovakia
 Cyprus Greece
 Greece Cyprus
 Malta Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Portugal Spain
 Slovakia Malta

Spokespersons

Each country nominated a spokesperson who was responsible for announcing, in English or French, the votes for their respective country.[17] For the first time the spokespersons were connected via satellite rather than through telephone lines, allowing them to appear in vision during the broadcast.[7][13] Spokespersons at the 1994 contest are listed below.[14]

  1.  Sweden – Marianne Anderberg[18]
  2.  Finland – Solveig Herlin
  3.  Ireland – Eileen Dunne[19]
  4.  Cyprus – Anna Partelidou
  5.  Iceland – Sigríður Arnardóttir
  6.  United Kingdom – Colin Berry[13]
  7.  Croatia – Helga Vlahović[20]
  8.  Portugal – Isabel Bahia
  9.  Switzerland – Sandra Studer
  10.  Estonia – Urve Tiidus[21]
  11.  Romania – Cristina Țopescu
  12.  Malta – John Demanuele[22]
  13.  Netherlands – Joop van Os[23]
  14.  Germany – Carmen Nebel
  15.  Slovakia – Juraj Čurný
  16.  Lithuania – Gitana Lapinskaitė[24]
  17.  Norway – Sverre Christophersen
  18.  Bosnia and Herzegovina – Diana Grković-Foretić
  19.  Greece – Fotini Giannoulatou
  20.  Austria – Tilia Herold
  21.  Spain – María Ángeles Balañac
  22.  Hungary – Iván Bradányi
  23.  Russia – Irina Klenskaya
  24.  Poland – Jan Chojnacki
  25.  France – Laurent Romejko

Broadcasts

Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants". Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers.[25] Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.

Broadcasters and commentators in participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref(s)
 Austria ORF ORF 1 Ernst Grissemann [26][27][28]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina RTVBiH Unknown Unknown [29]
 Croatia HRT HRT 1 Aleksandar Kostadinov [30][31][32]
 Cyprus RIK Unknown Evi Papamichail [33][34]
 Estonia ETV Vello Rand [35][36][37]
 Finland YLE TV1 Erkki Pohjanheimo and Kirsi-Maria Niemi [38][39]
Riksradion Unknown
 France France Télévision France 2 Patrice Laffont [40][41]
 Germany ARD Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen Jan Hofer [27][42]
 Greece ERT Unknown Dafni Bokota [43][44]
 Hungary MTV MTV2 István Vágó [45][46]
 Iceland RÚV Sjónvarpið Jakob Frímann Magnússon [47][48]
 Ireland RTÉ RTÉ 1 Pat Kenny [49][50][51]
RTÉ Radio 1 Larry Gogan
 Lithuania LRT LTV Unknown [52][53]
 Malta PBS TVM Unknown [54][55]
 Netherlands NOS Nederland 3 Willem van Beusekom [56][57][58]
 Norway NRK NRK Fjernsynet, NRK P1 Jostein Pedersen [59][60][61]
 Poland TVP TVP1 Artur Orzech [53][62][63]
 Portugal RTP RTP Canal 1 Eládio Clímaco [64][65][66]
 Romania TVR TVR1 Gabriela Cristea [67][68][69]
 Russia RTR RTR Sergey Antipov [70][71]
 Slovakia STV Unknown Unknown [72]
 Spain TVE La Primera José Luis Uribarri [73][74][75][76]
 Sweden SVT Kanal 1 Pekka Heino [18][60][77]
SR SR P3, SR P4 Claes-Johan Larsson and Lisa Syrén [18]
 Switzerland SRG SSR SF DRS Bernard Thurnheer [27][41][78]
TSR Chaîne nationale Jean-Marc Richard
TSI Canale nazionale Unknown
 United Kingdom BBC BBC1 Terry Wogan [79][80][81][82]
BBC Radio 2 Ken Bruce
Broadcasters and commentators in non-participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref(s)
 Australia SBS SBS TV[lower-alpha 3] Terry Wogan [83]
 Belgium BRTN TV2 André Vermeulen [57][58][84]
RTBF RTBF1 Jean-Pierre Hautier [58][85]
 Denmark DR DR TV Jørgen de Mylius [86]
 Slovenia RTV SLO SLO 1 Unknown [87]
 Turkey TRT TRT 1 Unknown [88]

Notes and references

Notes
  1. Both Irish commentator Pat Kenny and British commentator Terry Wogan credited Kelehan as the conductor of the Irish entry, but Kenny specified that he only led a minimal arrangement of drums and bass. Nevertheless, he didn't take the traditional conductor's bow, and virtually no drum or bass accompaniment could be heard during the performance.
  2. Contains some words in English
  3. Deferred broadcast on 1 May at 20:30 AEST (10:30 UTC)[83]

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Bibliography
  • O'Connor, John Kennedy (2010). The Eurovision Song Contest: The Official History (2nd ed.). London: Carlton Books. ISBN 978-1-84732-521-1.
  • Roxburgh, Gordon (2020). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Four: The 1990s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84583-163-9.
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