Foreign relations of Peru

Peru is an important first-tier state in South America,[1] Peru has been a member of the United Nations since 1949, and Peruvian Javier Pérez de Cuéllar served as UN Secretary General from 1981 to 1991. Former President Alberto Fujimori's tainted re-election to a third term in June 2000 strained Peru's relations with the United States and with many Latin American and European countries, mainly small countries like Yemen but relations improved with the installation of an interim government in November 2000 and the inauguration of Alejandro Toledo in July 2001.

Politics of Peru
Constitution
Executive
Legislature
Congress of the Republic
President
José Williams
Judiciary

Supreme Court of the Republic
President Elvia Barrios
Autonomies
Elections
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
flag Peru portal

Peru is planning full integration into the Andean Free Trade Area. In addition, Peru is a standing member of APEC and the World Trade Organization, and is an active participant in negotiations toward a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA).

Bilateral relations
Nations with which Peru has diplomatic relations.

Africa
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 AlgeriaSeptember 1966
 Angola6 September 1985
  • Angola and Peru established bilateral relations on 6 September 1985.
  • Angola is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[2]
 Benin22 November 2017
  • Peru and Benin established bilateral relations on 22 November 2017.
 BotswanaMay 5 1989
  • Peru and Botswana enjoy bilateral relations.
 Burkina FasoMarch 1966
  • Burkina Faso is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Washington, D.C.
  • Burkina Faso is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[2]
 Cameroon
  • Peru and Cameroon enjoy bilateral relations.
  • Cameroon is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasilia.[2]
 Cape Verde9 November 1988
  • Cape Verde and Peru enjoy bilateral relations.
 Central African Republic
  • Peru and the Central African Republic enjoy bilateral relations.
  • The Central African Republic is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Washington, D.C.
Congo-Brazzaville19 July 1975
  • The Republic of the Congo is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[2]
Congo-Kinshasa3 August 1975
  • The Democratic Republic of the Congo and Peru enjoy bilateral relations.
 Djibouti28 February 2018
  • Peru and Djibouti established bilateral relations on 28 February 2018.
 Egypt1952
 Equatorial Guinea28 April 1981
  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[2]
 Eswatini8 June 1989 and 5 August 2005 - Joint Communique
  • Eswatini and Peru enjoy bilateral relations.
 Ethiopia25 November 1967
  • Peru and Ethiopia enjoy bilateral relations.
 Ghana23 June 1987
 Guinea8 January 1975
  • Peru and Guinea enjoy bilateral relations.
 Guinea Bissau29 September 1986Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 September 1986[3]
  • Peru and Guinea Bissau enjoy bilateral relations.
 Ivory Coast18 August 1964
  • Ivory Coast is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[2]
 Kenya25 February 1976
  • Kenya is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.
  • Peru has a consulate in Nairobi. It formerly had an embassy from 1987 to 1990, which was serviced by Jesús Fortunato Isasi Cayo, the ambassador from its opening to its closure.[4]
 Lesotho21 July 1989
  • Lesotho and Peru enjoy bilateral relations.
 Libya25 April 1974
  • Libya is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[2]
  • Peru was accredited to Libya from its embassy in Algiers, and was also the first country to sever relations with Libya before the civil war.
 Mali16 July 1998
  • Mali is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[2]
 Mauritania19 June 1990
  • Mauritania is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[2]
  • Peru is accredited to Mauritania from its embassy in Rabat.
 Morocco18 June 1964
 MauritiusDecember 14 2005
  • Mauritius and Peru enjoy bilateral relations.
 Mozambique20 February 1986
  • Peru is accredited to Mozambique from its embassy in Pretoria.
 Namibia11 July 1990
  • Peru established relations with SWAPO, preceding Namibian independence.[5]
  • Namibia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[2]
 Niger17 November 1965
  • Niger and Peru enjoy bilateral relations.
 Nigeria6 July 1971
 Rwanda7 December 2017
  • Peru and Rwanda enjoy bilateral relations.
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic5 May 1987, broken 9 September 1996
8 September 2021, broken 18 August 2022
15 September 2022
  • The SADR has a mission and former embassy in Lima.
  • Peru established formal relations with the SADR in 1987, under Alan García, but recognition existed since 16 August 1984. Said relations expired on 9 September 1996, with Peru taking a neutral part in the Western Sahara conflict.[6][7][8]
  • On September 8, 2021, Peru and the SADR re-established their bilateral relations,[9] but the former again severed them on August 16, 2022,[10] renovating them one month later.[11]
 São Tomé and Príncipe4 May 1989
  • São Tomé and Príncipe and Peru enjoy bilateral relations.
 Senegal
  • Senegal is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[2]
  • Peru is accredited to Senegal from its embassy in Rabat.
 Seychelles15 January 1992
  • The Seychelles and Peru enjoy bilateral relations.
 Sierra Leone15 May 1989
  • Sierra Leone is accredited to Peru from its embassy in New York City.
 South Africa28 July 1993
  • Peru has an embassy in Pretoria. A Consulate was also maintained in Cape Town which closed in 1985.[12]
  • South Africa is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago.[2]
 SudanOctober 7 1988
  • Sudan is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[2]
 Tanzania11 August 1975Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 August 1975[13]
  • Tanzania is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[2]
 Togo18 December 2017
  • Peru and Togo established bilateral relations on 18 December 2017.
 TunisiaSeptember 1966
  • Peru is accredited to Tunisia from its embassy in Algiers.
  • Tunisia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.[2]
 Uganda4 June 2021
  • Peru and Uganda established bilateral relations on 4 June 2021.
 Zambia5 October 1970Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1970[14]
  • Peru is accredited to Zambia from its embassy in Pretoria.
  • Zambia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasilia.[2]
 ZimbabweMarch 1986
  • Peru is accredited to Zimbabwe from its embassy in Pretoria.
  • Zimbabwe is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasilia.[2]

Americas
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Antigua and Barbuda24 June 1985
  • Peru and Antigua and Barbuda enjoy bilateral relations.
 Argentina10 July 1822See Argentina–Peru relations
 BahamasSeptember 18 1985
  • Peru is accredited to the Bahamas from its embassy in Santo Domingo.
 Barbados29 February 1968
  • Peru is accredited to Barbados from its embassy in Washington D.C.
  • Barbados is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Caracas.[2]
 Belize27 November 1991
 Bolivia24 June 1826See Bolivia–Peru relations
  • Bolivia has an embassy in Lima.[2]
  • Peru has an embassy in La Paz.
 Brazil3 February 1827See Brazil–Peru relations
 Canada21 October 1944
Main article: Canada–Peru relations
 Chile13 October 1822 See Chile–Peru relations

In November 1999, Peru and Chile signed three agreements which put to rest the remaining obstacles holding up implementation of the 1929 Treaty of Lima, which officially ended the 1879 War of the Pacific. In December 1999, President Alberto Fujimori made the first visit ever to Chile by a Peruvian head of state.

Relations between the two nations have since mostly recovered. In 2005, the Peruvian Congress unilaterally approved a law which increased the stated sea limit with Chile. This law superseded the Peruvian supreme decree 781 for same purpose from 1947, which had autolimited its maritime border to geographical parallels only. Peru's position was that the border has never been fully demarcated, but Chile disagreed reminding on treaties in 1952 and 1954 between the countries, which supposedly defined seaborder. The border problem has still not been solved. However, Chile's Michelle Bachelet and Peru's Alan García have established a positive diplomatic relationship, and it is very unlikely any hostilities will break out because of the dispute.

Nevertheless, in early April 2007, Peruvian nationalistic sectors, mainly represented by left wing ex-presidential candidate Ollanta Humala decided to congregate at 'hito uno' right at the border with Chile, in a symbolic attempt to claim sovereignty over a maritime area known in Peru as Mar de Grau (Grau's Sea) just west of the Chilean city of Arica. Peruvian police stopped a group of nearly 2,000 people just 10 km from the border, preventing them from reaching their intended destination. Despite these incidents, the presidents of both Chile and Peru have confirmed their intentions to improve the relationships between the two countries, mainly fueled by the huge amount of commercial exchange between both countries' private sectors.

 Colombia6 June 1822See Colombia–Peru relations
 Costa Rica25 April 1852
 Cuba11 January 1905, broken 30 December 1960, restored 8 July 1972See Cuba–Peru relations
  • Peru had relations with Cuba prior to 1972, but broke them off in the 1960s.
  • Cuba has an embassy in Lima.[2]
  • Peru has an embassy in Havana.
 Dominica18 March 1986
  • Peru and Dominica established formal relations in 1986.[21]
 Dominican Republic6 April 1874[22]
 Ecuador26 September 1831See Ecuador–Peru relations
See also: Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute
  • In October 1998, Peru and Ecuador signed a peace accord which definitively resolved border differences which had, over the years, resulted in armed conflict. Peru and Ecuador are now jointly coordinating an internationally sponsored border integration project. The United States Government, as one of four guarantor states, was actively involved in facilitating the 1998 peace accord between Peru and Ecuador and remains committed to its implementation. The United States has pledged $40 million to the Peru-Ecuador border integration project and another $4 million to support Peruvian and Ecuadorian demining efforts along their common border.
  • In November 2009, Peru made an agreement with Ecuador in which Peru would export between 40 and 50 megawatts of electricity until April 2010 in order to help Ecuador with its energy crisis.[23] Rafael Correa, Ecuador's president, expressed his gratitude to Peru for its generous aid during Ecuador's energy crisis.[24]
  • Ecuador has an embassy in Lima.[2]
  • Peru has an embassy in Quito and a consulate in Guayaquil.
 El Salvador10 June 1857See El Salvador–Peru relations
 Grenada17 March 1983
  • Peru is accredited to Grenada from its embassy in Port-au-Spain.
  • Grenada is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Caracas.[2]
 Guatemala20 April 1857
See also: List of ambassadors of Peru to Guatemala
 Guyana17 July 1971
 Haiti1929
  • Peru is accredited to Haiti from its embassy in Santo Domingo, and has an honorary consulate in Port-au-Prince.
  • Haiti is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.[2]
 Honduras5 August 1856
 Mexico13 June 1822See Mexico–Peru relations

Peru and Mexico have historically had a unique relationship solidly based on that they share two of the most significant ancient cultures in the Americas. Both countries have expressed solidarity over the need to defend the recovery of cultural and archaeological heritage in the form of artifacts that have been illegally stolen from Peru and Mexico and which are to this date, illegally or legitimately kept in foreign locations. Peru's President Alan García and Mexico's Felipe Calderón signed a joint declaration in April 2011 aimed at deepening the two countries' friendship, cooperation, integration, trade, investments and the permanent fight against poverty and organized crime. The two countries aim to achieve a new model of integration within Latin America, and to represent a positive, realistic, and active example of integration amongst two "brotherly" nations.

 Jamaica29 April 1970
  • Jamaica has a consulate in Lima
  • Jamaica is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Caracas.[2]
 Nicaragua28 June 1850
 Panama2 March 1908
See also: List of ambassadors of Peru to Panama
 Paraguay2 May 1858
Main article: Paraguay–Peru relations
 Saint Kitts and Nevis
  • Peru is accredited to Saint Kitts and Nevis from its embassy in Santo Domingo.
 Saint Lucia1985
  • Peru is accredited to Saint Lucia through its embassy in Port of Spain.
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines5 May 1986
  • Peru is accredited to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines through its embassy in Port of Spain.
  • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines are accredited to Peru through its embassy in Washington, D.C.[2]
 Suriname23 June 1978
  • Peru is accredited to Suriname from its embassy in Caracas.[2]
 Trinidad and Tobago5 June 1968
Main article: Peru-Trinidad and Tobago relations
  • Peru has an embassy in Port of Spain.
  • Trinidad and Tobago is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela.[2]
 United States2 May 1826
Main article: Peru–United States relations
  • The U.S. maintains an embassy in Lima, Peru.[2] There is a U.S. Consular Agency in Cuzco, and the USAID building is located in Lima.
 Uruguay13 November 1858
Main article: Peru–Uruguay relations
 Venezuela17 February 1853

In October 2021, the leftist government of Peru re-established diplomatic relations with the leftist Venezuelan government of President Nicolas Maduro after four years.[30]

Asia
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Afghanistan Afghanistan27 September 2012, New YorkSee Foreign relations of Afghanistan
 Armenia20 April 1992[31] Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 April 1992.
 Azerbaijan 25 June 1996[32] See Azerbaijan-Peru relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Lima.[2]
  • Peru has an embassy in Baku.
 BahrainMay 1986[5]
22 September 2009
  • Bahrain is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.
 Bangladesh28 February 1983
  • Bangladesh is accredited to Peru from its embassy in New York City.[2]
  • Peru is accredited to Bangladesh from its embassy in Bangkok.
 Brunei1 June 1990
 Cambodia31 May 1976
  • Peru is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
  • Cambodia have no official accredited Resident to Peru.
China China 2 November 1971See China–Peru relations
Countries which signed cooperation documents related to the Belt and Road Initiative
Taiwan China (ROC)26 June 1874, broken 2 November 1971See China–Peru relations and Foreign relations of Taiwan
 India29 March 1963See India–Peru relations
 Indonesia12 August 1975See Indonesia-Peru relations
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Lima.[2]
  • Peru has an embassy in Jakarta.
 Iran20 November 1973
  • Iran is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Quito.[2]
  • Peru had an embassy in Tehran until 1978.
  • Peru is accredited to Iran from its non-resident embassy in New Delhi.
 Iraq11 October 1975 and 11 July 2012 renew diplomatic relations
  • Peru and Iraq agreed to renew their bilateral ties in 2012.
  • Iraq is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Caracas.[2]
 Israel20 August 1957
Main article: Israel–Peru relations
 Japan21 August 1873, broken 24 January 1942, restored 8 June 1952 See Japan–Peru relations
 Jordan21 October 1985[5]
  • Jordan is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[2]
  • Peru is accredited to Jordan from its embassy in Cairo.
 Kazakhstan6 February 1997
  • Peru and Kazakhstan established bilateral relations in 1997.
 North Korea15 December 1988
  • North Korea has an embassy in Lima.
  • Diplomatic relationships between both countries are suspended since 2017.
 South Korea1 April 1963[35]

The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the Republic of Peru started on 1 April 1963.[35]

 Kuwait1 December 1975
 Kyrgyzstan2 June 1999
  • Both countries established non-resident ties on 2 June 1999.
 Laos27 April 1989
  • Laos is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Havana.
  • Peru is accredited to Laos from its embassy in Bangkok.
 LebanonMay 1949
  • Peru is accredited to Lebanon from its embassy in Cairo.
  • Lebanon is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Bogotá.[2]
 Malaysia24 April 1986[5] See Malaysia–Peru relations
 Maldives6 February 1989
  • The Maldives are accredited to Peru from their embassy in New York City
  • Peru is accredited to the Maldives from its embassy in India.
 Mongolia30 May 1997
  • Mongolia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Havana.[2]
  • Peru is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing.
 Myanmar21 February 1989
  • Myanmar is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.
  • Peru is accredited to Myanmar from its embassy in Bangkok.
   Nepal28 January 1976
  • Nepal is accredited to Peru from its embassy in New York City.[2]
  • Peru is accredited to Nepal from its embassy in India.
 Oman14 May 1986[5]
  • Oman is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[2]
 Pakistan1 September 1974
  • Pakistan is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.[2]
  • Peru is accredited to Pakistan from its embassy in Beijing.
 Palestine30 April 2011
  • Peru recognized Palestine on 24 January 2011.[36]
  • Palestine has an embassy in Lima.[2]
 Philippines30 November 1974
Main article: Peru-Philippines relations
 Qatar7 November 1989At an official level, both countries began diplomatic relations in 1989.[37]
  • Peru has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Lima.[2]
 Saudi Arabia19 March 1986[5]
 Thailand10 November 1965
  • Peru has an embassy in Bangkok.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Lima.
 Singapore27 October 1980
  • Singapore is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Singapore.[2]
  • Peru has an embassy in Singapore.
 Sri Lanka17 March 1975
  • Sri Lanka is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[2]
 Syria16 August 1975
  • Syria is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago.[2]
 Tajikistan21 January 2000
  • Peru and Tajikistan established bilateral relations on 21 January 2000.
 Timor-Leste30 September 2002
  • Peru and East Timor established bilateral relations on 30 September 2002.
  • Peru is accredited to East Timor from its embassy in Jakarta.
 Turkey1952[38]See Peru–Turkey relations
  • Peru has an embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul.[38]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Lima.[2][38]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$250 million in 2019 (Peruvian exports/imports: 72.6/177.4 million USD).[38]
 Turkmenistan7 May 1997
 United Arab Emirates17 June 1986
 Uzbekistan22 December 1999
  • Peru and Uzbekistan established bilateral relations on December 22 1999.
 Vietnam14 November 1994See Peru–Vietnam relations
 Yemen
  • Peru is accredited to Yemen from its embassy in Riyadh.

Europe
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Albania6 December 1971[39]
  • Peru and Albania established formal relations in 1971.
  • Albania is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[2]
  • Peru is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Athens. Until its dissolution, Peru was accredited from its embassy in Yugoslavia.
 Andorra3 June 1997
  • Andorra does not hold an embassy in Peru.
  • Peru is accredited to Andorra from its embassy in Madrid, Spain.
 Austria2 November 1949[40]
  • Austria has an embassy in Lima, and honorary consulates in Cuzco, Trujillo, Iquitos, and Arequipa.[2]
  • Peru has an embassy in Vienna, and consulates in Innsbruck and Salzburg. [41]
 Belarus19 February 1997
  • Belarus is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.[2]
  • Peru is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow.
 Belgium1 April 1852
  • Belgium has an embassy in Lima.[2]
  • Peru has an embassy in Brussels.
 Bosnia and Herzegovina23 January 1998
  • Peru is accredited to Bosnia and Herzegovina from its embassy in Budapest.
 Bulgaria18 April 1969 See Bulgaria–Peru relations
 Croatia12 January 1993
 Cyprus19 September 1966
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1966.[43] On October of the same year, relations were elevated to embassy level.[44]
  • Cyprus is represented in Peru through its embassy in Brasilia, Brazil.[2][45]
  • Peru is accredited to Cyprus from it missions in Italy.
 Czech Republic11 July 1922, broken 4 October 1957, restored 27 December 1968 ( with Czech Republic from 2 January 1993)
Denmark
 Estonia27 July 1995
  • Estonia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Helsinki.[2]
  • Peru is accredited to Estonia from its embassy in Helsinki.
 Finland25 January 1963
See also: List of ambassadors of Peru to Finland
 European Union2000[47]
  • The European Union has a consulate in Lima.[2]
  • Peru has a section of its Ministry of Foreign Affairs dedicated to the European Union, as well as diplomatic relationships with its members.
 France1826See France–Peru relations
  • France has an embassy in Lima.[2]
  • Peru has an embassy in Paris.
 Georgia14 January 2010
  • Georgia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[2]
  • Peru has an honorary consulate in Tbilisi.
 Germany28 June 1951
(Federal Republic)
28 December 1972–1990
(Democratic Republic)		See Germany–Peru relations
 Greece3 December 1965 See Greece–Peru relations
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1966.[48]
  • Greece has an embassy in Lima.[2]
  • Peru has an embassy in Athens.
 Hungary16 April 1969
  • Peru has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Lima.[2]
 Iceland14 November 1967
  • Iceland is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Oslo.[2]
  • Peru is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Oslo.
 Ireland27 June 1999
  • Ireland is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Mexico City and maintains an honorary consulate in Lima.[2]
  • Peru has an embassy in Dublin. Until 2017, the ambassador resided in London.
 Italy1874-12-23 See Italy–Peru relations
 Latvia23 July 1996
  • Latvia is accredited to Peru through its embassy in Berlin.
  • Peru is accredited to Latvia through its embassy in Helsinki.
 Liechtenstein5 July 1996
  • Liechtenstein does not have an embassy accredited to Peru.
  • Peru is accredited to Liechtenstein from its embassy in Bern.
 Lithuania9 June 1997
  • Peru is accredited to Lithuania from its embassy in Helsinki.
 Luxembourg14 June 1962
  • Luxembourg is accredited to Peru through its embassy in Berlin.
  • Peru is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in Brussels.
 Malta29 April 1977
 Moldova11 August 1995
  • Peru is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Bucharest.
 Monaco13 October 2010
  • Monaco is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Paris, and it has a consulate in Lima.[2]
  • Peru is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris.
 Montenegro12 September 2006
  • Peru is accredited to Montenegro from its embassy in Bucharest.
 Netherlands1 February 1826
  • Netherlands has an embassy in Lima.[2]
  • Peru has an embassy in The Hague and a consulate-general in Amsterdam.
 North Macedonia29 June 2005
  • Peru is accredited to North Macedonia from its embassy in Bucharest.
 Norway3 August 1923
  • Peru has an embassy in Oslo.
  • Norway has a consulate-general in Lima and is accredited from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.[2]
 Poland6 September 1923 to 29 December 1945, Re-established diplomatic relations 14 April 1969See Peru–Poland relations
 Portugal26 March 1853
  • Peru has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy in Lima.[2]
 Romania10 October 1939, broken 5 March 1942, Re-established diplomatic relations 9 November 1968
  • Romania has an embassy in Lima and an honorary consulate in Arequipa.[2]
  • The Republic of Peru has an embassy and an honorary consulate, both in Bucharest.

Diplomatic relations' level:

  • Legation: October 10, 1939 – March 5, 1942
  • Embassy: since November 9, 1968

Diplomatic relations' timeline:

  • October 10, 1939 – March 5, 1942
  • since November 9, 1968
 Russia16 May 1874 to 1918
1 February 1969
26 December 1991		 See Peru–Russia relations
 San Marino24 February 2005
  • San Marino is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Rome.[2]
  • Peru is accredited to San Marino from its missions in Italy.
 Serbia10 December 1968
See also: Peru–Yugoslavia relations and List of ambassadors of Peru to Yugoslavia
 Slovakia1 January 1993
  • Slovakia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.[2]
  • Peru is accredited to Slovakia from its embassy in Vienna.
 Slovenia9 September 1992
  • Slovenia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.[2]
  • Peru is accredited to Slovenia from its embassy in Vienna.
 Sovereign Military Order of Malta15 April 1953
  • The Sovereign Military Order of Malta has an embassy in Lima.[2]
  • Peru is accredited to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from its embassy in the Holy See.
 Spain14 August 1879See Peru–Spain relations
 Sweden11 February 1938 See Peru–Sweden relations
  • Peru has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.[56]
 Switzerland16 September 1884
  • Peru has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Lima.[2]
 Ukraine7 May 1992
  • Peru was accredited to Ukraine from its embassy in Warsaw, Poland. It was formerly accredited from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Lima.[2]
 United Kingdom1827
  Vatican City1 November 1852See Holy See–Peru relations

Oceania
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Australia1 March 1963

Both countries have an expanding relationship in all areas. In February 2018 trade ministers from both Peru and Australia signed a free trade agreement.[57] Until 2019, the Peruvian ambassador was also accredited to New Zealand.[58]

 Cook Islands5 October 2017[59][60]
  • Peru is accredited to the Cook Islands from its embassy in Canberra.
  • The Cook Islands are accredited to Peru from the Australian embassy in Lima.
 Fiji1983[61]
 Kiribati29 October 1983[61]
  • Peru and Kiribati enjoy bilateral relations.[62][61]
 Marshall Islands14 November 1991
  • Peru and the Marshall Islands established formal relations on 14 November 1991.
 Micronesia7 May 1992
  • Peru and Micronesia established formal relations on 7 May 1992.
 Nauru1984
  • Peru and Nauru enjoy bilateral relations.[63][61]
 New Zealand1 August 1972See New Zealand–Peru relations
  • New Zealand is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago, Chile and maintains an honorary consulate in Lima.[2]
  • Peru has an embassy in Wellington.
 Niue3 July 2020
  • Peru and Niue established relations on 3 July 2020.
 Palau14 February 2019
  • Peru and Palau established formal relations on 14 February 2019.
 Papua New Guinea14 September 1983
  • Peru is accredited to Papua New Guinea from its consulate-general in Sydney.
 Samoa23 January 1984
  • Peru and Samoa established relations on 23 January 1984.
 Solomon Islands14 March 2012
  • Peru and the Solomon Islands established relations on 14 March 2012[64]
 Tuvalu29 March 2012
  • Peru and Tuvalu established diplomatic relations on 29 March 2012.[65]
 Tonga20 January 1984
  • Peru and Tonga enjoy diplomatic relations.
 Vanuatu30 May 1986[66]
  • Peru and Vanuatu established relations on 30 May 1986.[66]

Transnational issues

Illicit drugs

Until recently the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru has reduced the area of coca under cultivation by 24% to 387 km2 at the end of 1999; most of cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia, Bolivia, and Brazil for processing into cocaine for the international drug market, but exports of finished cocaine are increasing by maritime conveyance to Mexico, US, and Europe.

See also

References
  1. Schenoni, Luis (2017) "Subsystemic Unipolarities?" in Strategic Analysis, 41(1): 74-86
  2. Directorio de misiones extranjeras en Perú - Guia Diplomática (PDF) (in Spanish). Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-12-28. Retrieved 2022-12-28.
  3. Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens - Issues 2134-2146 (in French). 1986. p. 2559.
  4. "La Llegada a Kenia: El Primer Paso al Este del África Subsahariana". Cumanana (XIV): 1. 2022-05-21.
  5. Muñoz, Heraldo (1987). Las Políticas exteriores de America latina y el Caribe: continuidad en la crisis (in Spanish). Grupo Editor Latinoamericano. p. 278. ISBN 9789509432864. En lo que respecta al Africa sahariana y el Medio Oriente, además de la reapertura de la Embajada del Perú en Marruecos, se han establecido relaciones diplomáticas con Arabia Saudita en abril de 1986, con Bahrein y Oman en mayo de 1986 y con los Emiratos Árabes Unidos en junio de 1986. Además, se han establecido relaciones con el Reino Hachemita de Jordania en octubre de 1985, con Malasia en abril de 1986 y finalmente con la SWAPO, Movimiento de Liberación del pueblo de Namibia.
  6. "Establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre el Perú y la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática" (in Spanish). Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores del Perú. Archived from the original on September 8, 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-24.
  7. Ricardo Sánchez Serra (2011-11-28). "Los saharauis y el Perú" (in Spanish).
  8. Ricardo Sánchez Serra (2008-12-11). "El estoicismo del pueblo saharaui" (in Spanish). La Razón.
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