Fyappiy

The Fyappiy[note 2] (Ingush: Фаьппий, romanized: Fäppiy;[note 3] Hалhьa (ГIалгIай), romanized: Ghalghaai[5]), exonym: Kists/Nearby Kists, were an Ingush society.[note 4] The centre of the society was the aul of Metskhal,[28] after which it was simultaneously called Metskhalin society and the inhabitants Metskhalins in the 2nd half of the 19th century.[29] The region of historical settlement of Fyappiy was Fyappiy Mokhk.[23]

Fäppiy
Фаьппий
Kistin (Fyappiy) society (1838)
Total population
1269 (1858)[note 1][1]
Regions with significant populations
 Russia?
     Ingushetia?
     Dagestan?
Languages
Ingush
Religion
Sunni Islam
Related ethnic groups
Bats people

Etymology

The name Fyappiy in their native Ingush language is "Фаьппий",[30][31][32] written as "Fäppij" in old Ingush latin writing system.[2][3][4] According to some authors, it means "inhabitants of the western part of the country (Ingushetia)".[33] Historically the Fyappins were mentioned as Nearby Kists or just simply Kists (exonym). Later the meaning of this ethnonym expanded and covered all Nakh peoples, despite originally being the ethnonym of Fyappins.[34] The Kist ethnonym was replaced by the ethnonym "Metskhalins" and the Kistin society became known as the "Metskhalin society" respectively, after the chancellery of the society was transferred to Metskhal.[14] According to German academic J. A. Güldenstädt the district of Fyappins (Fyappiy Mokhk) was called Makal by Circassians and Ossetians.[35]

History
Wapi (or Fapi[36]) on the map of Julius Klaproth, 1823.

In the 17th century, the Fyappiy society was divided: some of its representatives went to Georgia, and some to Aukh. According to M. M. Zyazikov, the cultural center of the Aukh Vyappiy (Fyappiy) is the village of Erzi in Ingushetia.[37]

The historical area where the "Kists" lived was called "Kistetia", as well as "Kistia" or "Kistinia". The Georgian prince, historian and geographer of the 18th century Vakhushti Bagrationi localizes it along the gorge of the Armkhi river (historical "Kistinka"), that is in mountainous Ingushetia.[38][39][40] In 1733 fearing the expansion of Ottoman Turks, Kists (Fyappiy) wrote Vakhtang VI a letter requesting for alliance, in which 16 Fyappin representatives from different surnames signed the letter.[41]

The German academian J. A. Güldenstädt who in 1770s visited the Caucasus mentioned Fyappiy as part of the Big Ingush.[6] Another German researcher Julius von Klaproth had also mentioned the Fyappiy as Ingush[7] and claimed that Durdzuketi was located on the river Makaldon (Armkhi).[42]

In January 8 1811, foremen of 13 Kistin (Fyappiy) villages[note 5] made act of oath for the Russian Empire.[43] However it is worth saying that even after the oath of individual Ingush society or clans, the former Russian-Ingush relations remained the same. In fact, both sides took these type of oaths as a conclusion union treaties.[44]

Caucasian War

In 1830 after the punitive expedition of Baron Abkhazov to mountainous Ingushetia, the Kists (Fyappiy) were briefly subdued by Russia.[45]

General Pavel Grabbe reported in March 30, 1840 that Kists are either in great agitation or they openly participate on the side of Caucasian Imamate:

"Whole Greater Chechnya was transferred to him, as well as the Michik and Ichkerin residents and many Aukhites; the Kachkalyks are kept in obedience only by the presence of our detachment. Some of the Karabulak and Ingush villages, all the Galgai and Kists are also in great agitation and are secretly or openly assisting the rebel."[46]

As a part of Russian Empire

After the end of Caucasian War in the west region of Caucasus, the Kist (Fyappiy) society, as part of Ingushetia, was part of the, the Ossetian-Military Okrug,[47][48] Ingushskiy Okrug,[49][50] Vladikavkazsky Okrug,[51][52] Sunzhensky Otdel[53] and Nazranovskiy Okrug.[54]

Composition

Torshkhoy, Korakhoy.

Surnames:

  • Dzhabagiyevs
  • Tarshkhoevs (Torshkhoevs)
  • Sautievs
  • Yevkurovs
  • Yandievs
  • Mamilovs
  • Aldaganovs
  • Matievs
  • Beshtoevs
  • Gazikovs
  • Gutsarievs (Mikhail Gutseriev)
  • Garakoevs
  • Chileans
  • Didigovs
  • Karakhoevs
  • Tankievs
  • Kodzoevs (historian N. D. Kodzoev)
  • Kotievs
  • Loshkhoevs
  • Mankievs
  • Kushtovs
  • Dodovs
  • Shankhoevs
  • Itazovs
  • Dudarovs and others

Demographics

In 1874, 1883, 1890 and 1914 censuses, the population of the whole Fyappiy (Kistin or Metskhalin) society consisted entirely of ethnic Ingush people.[51][52][53][54]

Notable people

Aukh Fyappiy

Fyappiy, Vyappiy (Ingush: Фаьппий, romanized: Fäppiy, Chechen: Ваьппий, romanized: Väppiy) — Ingush and Chechen teip[55] living in Aukh, a region in Dagestan. The cultural center of the Vyappiy (Fyappiy) was Ärzi, located in Ingushetia.[37] According to the teptar of the Vyappiy, they once lived in the village Tyarsh, located in Ingushetia.[56]

Notes
  1. This is statistics of only the amount of Fyappiy living in the mountainous region, not lowland.
  2. Also known as Fappiy, Fapi, Feappi, Feppi, Fepi, Feppins etc.
  3. Мальсагов 1963, p. 144; Куркиев 2005, p. 413; Барахоева, Кодзоев & Хайров 2016, p. 62;
     • In the old Ingush latin writing system – "Fäppij".[2][3][4]
  4. Fyappiy were mentioned as an Ingush society by J. A. Güldenstädt,[6] Klaproth,[7] S. M. Bronevsky,[8] "Overview of the political state of the Caucasus in 1840",[9] "Caucasian Territory // Military Statistical Review of the Russian Empire, 1851",[10] Bulletin of the Caucasian Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society,[11] V. A. Volkonsky,[12] V. Chudinov,[13] G. A. Vertepov,[14] Tersky Sbornik,[15] I. Pantyukhov,[16] P. I. Kovalevsky,[17] Dmitry Milyutin,[18] Gorepekin,[19] G. K. Martirosian,[20] E. I. Krupnov,[21] N. G. Volkova,[22][23] Alexandre Bennigsen, S. Enders Wimbush,[24] Dagestani branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union,[25] V. A. Kuznetsov[26] and O. S. Pavlova.[27]
  5. The 13 villages: Arzi, with 50 households, Tarsh – 29, Big Ulay (Upper Khuli) – 29, Small Ulay (Lower Khuli) – 20, Khorp (Kharp) – 18, Kashkuye (Koshke) – 15, Morosho (Morch) – 10, Gorokay (Garak) – 28, Mertskhlemi (Metskhal) – 10, Fitkhal (Falkhan) – 30, Bayn (Beyni) – 20, Lazukin (Lyazhgi) – 30, Aratay (Furtoug) – 29.

    References
    1. Берже 1858, p. 6.
    2. Мальсагов 1925, p. 149.
    3. Ужахов 1927, p. 62.
    4. Генко 1930, p. 696.
    5. Старчевскій 1891, p. 164.
    6. Волкова 1974, p. 159.
    7. Klaproth 1814a, p. 350.
    8. Броневскій 1823, p. 165.
    9. "Обзор политического состояния Кавказа 1840 года" [Overview of the political state of the Caucasus in 1840]. www.vostlit.info (in Russian). (ЦГВИА Ф. ВУА, Д.6164, Ч.93, лл. 1-23.):
      "V. Племя ингуш: 1) Назрановцы, 2) Галаши, 3) Карабулаки, 4) Галгаи, 5) Кистины или Кисты Ближние, 6) Джерахи, 7) Цори, 8) Дальние Кисты"
    10. Кавказский край // Военно-статистическое обозрение Российской империи 1851, p. 137:
      "Къ племени Ингушей, занимающихъ плоскость и котловины Кавказских горъ съ правой стороны Терека до верхних частей Аргуна и до теченія Фартанги, принадлежатъ: 1) Назрановцы с Комбулейскимъ обществомъ, 2) Джераховцы, 3) Карабулаки, 4) Цоринцы, 5) Ближніе Кистинцы с небольшимъ обществомъ Малхинцевъ вновь покорившимся, 6) Галгай, 7) Галашевцы, 8) дальніе Кисты…"
    11. Кавказскій отдѣл Императорскаго русскаго географическаго общества 1885, p. 102.
    12. Волконскій 1886, p. 54:
      "Ингушевское племя состояло изъ слѣдующихъ обществъ: кистинскаго, джераховскаго, назрановскаго, карабулакскаго (впослѣдствіи назвавшегося галашевскимъ), галгаевскаго, цоринскаго, акинскаго и мереджинскаго; всѣ эти общества вмѣстѣ имѣли свыше тридцати тысячъ душъ."
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    41. "Б. м. Письма старшин горных провинций Гудамакари, Мтиулети, Кистетии, Тагаури и Хеви к царю Вахтангу VI, с изъявлением своей верноподданности" [B. m. Letters from the elders of the mountainous provinces of Gudamakari, Mtiuleti, Kistetia, Tagauri and Khevi to King Vakhtang VI, declaring their allegiance]. www.vostlit.info (in Russian). 1733-05-14. // АВПР, ф. 110, оп. 1, 1733, д. 1, лл. 22-27. Подлинник перевода с грузинского.
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    Bibliography
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