Offa, Nigeria

Offa is a city in Kwara State of Nigeria, with a population of about 166,112 inhabitants,[2] which makes the town to be one of the most populated town in the state.[3] The town is noted for its weaving and dyeing trade, using vegetable dyes made from locally grown indigo and other plants.[4] Offa is well known for cultivation of sweet potatoes and maize which also formed part of the favourite staple foods of the indigenes in the town.[5][6] Cattle, goats and sheep are also raised in the environment. The main religions practiced in the town are Islam, Christianity and traditional religions.

Offa
Olalomi
City
Offa is located in Nigeria
Offa
Offa
Location in Nigeria
Coordinates: 8°9′N 4°43′E
Country Nigeria
StateKwara State
LGA(s)Offa
Population
 (2006)
 • Total88,975 [1]
Time zoneUTC+1 (WAT)

The ancient tradition for which the town is known is wrestling.[7][8] Offa's rich history is comprehensively documented in a book written by James Bukoye Olafimihan an educationist and clergyman titled 'Iwe Itan Offa', literally translated The Book of the History of Offa.[9]

Offa was founded by Olalomi Olofa-gangan; a crown prince from Oyo, and a direct descendant of king Oranmiyan in Ile-Ife, around 1395. He was a renowned hunter reputed for his dexterity as an archer. Offa is the traditional headquarters of Ibolo dialect of the Yoruba speaking people of Kwara and Osun States.[10]

Iye Iru Okin (Iyeru Okin)
Offa Mascot - Peacock

Offa is on the railway line from Lagos, the former capital of Nigeria, and Offa served as the railway terminus before the line was extended north to Kano and Nguru. Offa is the second largest town in Kwara state, located in central Nigeria with geographic coordinates o itf 8’9N 4’43E.[11] Offa was founded towards the end of the 14th century by a Yoruba prince from Oyo. The traditional head is the Olofa, who is assisted by prominent knighted chiefs including Essa, Ojomu, Balogun, Shawo and Asalofa. The praise name of Offa is "Ijakadi loro Offa", a Yoruba phrase meaning "wrestling is our game".[8] The city's mascot is the peacock bird which is one of the most prominent exotic avian species in the region and also because the town is a beautiful place.[11] Offa has more recently become well known in Nigeria for being home to Adesoye College, one of the most prominent private schools in Nigeria.[12] Offatedo in Osun state, Iyana Offa in Oyo State, Offa in Côte d'Ivoire were established by the people from Offa.

Offa is centrally located in the midst and middle of many neighboring towns like Erin Ile in the south, Ijagbo in the north, Igosun and Ipee in the east and Ilemona, Irra, Ikotun and Ojoku in the west.

There is a big market located within the city centre, known as " Owode market". The market which is the only major market in the Offa Local Government has existed for nearly 40 years. The market serve both the members of the community and its neighboring towns.[13]

Ido-Osun in the history of Offa

Oba Okunoye reigned for five years before he died in the war. His successor, Oba Adegboye, fought for four years before leaving town. Balogun Agidiako, who was appointed by Okunoye, became an instrument of treachery to the Offa people, leading to the Jalumi War. Oba Okunoye requested assistance from Ibadan, but died in 1882 before the war ended. Oba Adegboye succeeded him and continued the war for another five years.[14]

The return to Offa-Ile

Oba Adegboye of Offa ruled for 25 years, including the years he spent in Offatedo. Emir Monmon and Sule pleaded with him to return home, but the offer was rejected. Captain Bower approached Oba Adegboye and he reconsidered and returned home. When he arrived in Offa, he found Otakogbaiye or Arookan on the throne, so he had to leave and settle in Okoku for a year. but after continuous plead, he reconsidered and returned home, with the promise from Ilorin that Offa people would no longer be disturbed.[15]

Traditional institutions

The supreme traditional ruler (king[16]) of the town is the Olofa who is assisted by five High Chiefs namely Asalofa, Essa, Ojomu, Sawo, and Balogun.

The present Olofa[17] of Offa is Oba Alhaji Mufutau Mohammed Gbadamosi Okikiola Esuwoye II.

The prominent knighted chiefs of Offa include Esa, Ojomu, Sawo and Balogun.

There are two hundred and five thousand traditional households. Since the founding of the town in late 14th century, twenty four Kings (Olofas) have ruled. They are as follows;[18][19]

List of Olofas in Order of Succession

1. Olalomi Olafagangan – the founder of Offa who came from Oyo through Ile-Ife (1392–1442)

2. Olutide – 1442 -1491

3. Olugesinde – 1491-1526

4. Oluwole – 1526-1567

5. Okunmolu – 1567-1624

6. Olusanle – 1624-1679

7. Olusanmi – 1679-1726

8. Olugbense – 1726-1786

9. Bamgbola Arojojoye – 1786-1800

10. Amodu Agaka – 1800-1803

11. Olumorin Anilelerin – 1803-1832

12. Alade Alebiosu – 1832-1844

13. Ariyibi Omolaoye – 1844-1850

14. Morounfolu Okunoye – 1850-1882

15. Adegboye Atoloyetele – 1882–1887, and 1901–1906

16. Arokan Otaogbaye – 1887-1901

17. Oyediran Ariwajoye I – 1906-1917

18. Adeyeye Arojojoye – 1917-1920

19. Abioye – 1921-1926

20. Esuwoye I – 1926-1936

21. Wuraola Isioye – 1936-1957

22. Mustapa Keji – 1957-1969

23. Mustapha Olanipekun Ariwajoye II – 1970–2010

24. Mufutau Gbadamosi Esuwoye II – 2010–present [9]

List Of Past Ojomu[20] Of Offa

1)  Chief Ojomu Gedegbe

2)   Chief Ojomu Ojo Wanabori

3)   Chief Ojomu Tomoloku Arojo

4)   Chief Ojomu Asasina

5)   Chief Ojomu Orisasona

6)   Chief Ojomu Orisagunwa

7)   Chief Ojomu Oyewo

8)   Chief Ojomu Asadoyin

9)   Chief Ojomu Babarinde

10)  Chief Ojomu Adewoye

11)  Chief Ojomu Adetoyi

12)  Chief Ojomu Adesoye

13)  Chief Ojomu Dada

14)  Chief Ojomu Jacob Adekanye

15)  Chief Ojomu James opadokun..

16)  Chief Ojomu Alhaji yunus oloyede

17)  Chief (Alh) Kadir Kolawole Bello

18)  Chief Joseph Akinola[21]

List Of Past and Present Essa Of Offa
  1. Chief Essa Idowu Atagisoro
  2.     Chief Essa Ajibola Igbaraoola
  3.     Chief Essa Isioluda
  4.     Chief Essa Olajode
  5.     Chief Essa Onifade
  6.     Chief Essa Olabooye I
  7.     Chief Essa Kelani Oyeleke I
  8.     Chief Essa Busari Oyewale
  9.     Chief Essa Kola Olabooye II
  10.     Chief Essa Mohammad Oyeleke II
  11.     Chief Essa Yunusa Oyewale
List Of Past and Present Balogun Of Offa
  1. Balogun Ajayi Asegbe
  2. Balogun Agidiako
  3. Balogun aiyefemi
  4. Baloguns Lawoyin
  5. Balogun Ero
  6. Balogun Otunla
  7. Balogun Adewole
  8. Balogun Okulola
  9. Balogun Alabi Oyeboade
  10. Balogun Abudu
  11. Balogun Aliyu Onaolapo
  12. Balogun Shittu Olaniran Ayo Olayale
  13. Balogun Oseni Olaniyi
  14. Balogun Almaroof Olaniyi
List Of Past and Present Shawo Of Offa
  1. Chief Sawo Adefila Akubiado
  2. Chief Sawo Bunmileyi
  3. Chief Sawo Edun
  4. Chief Sawo Olarewaju
  5. Chief Sawo Bamitale
  6. Chief Sawo Ilugbohun
  7. Chief Sawo Gbadamosi Opoola
  8. Chief Sawo Oyeleke
  9. Chief Sawo Mustapha Opoola
  10. Chief Sawo Alhaji Salaudeen Olaoye
  11. Chief Sawo Alhaji Tajudeen Oyeniyi
  12. Chief Sawo Sikirulah Kola Olabooye

Past Councils Chairman In Offa L.G.A
  1. Alh Hassan Oyeleke [22]    1991-1993
  2. Alh .H.B. Ibiyeye            1994-1996
  3. Mallam Mudashir Lawal 1996-1997
  4. Mallam Isiaka Shittu         1997-1998
  5. Alh A.A. Muazu                 1998-1999
  6. Alh. Raheem Jide Oyewumi  1999-2002
  7. Deacon Taye Opaleke   2002-2002
  8. Mr kunle Adesiyun (Offa North)2002-2003
  9. Barr. Bashir Ijaya (Offa South) 2002-2003
  10. Alh Hassan Oyeleke [23]    2003-2003
  11. Alhaja Afusat Oyekanmi  2003-2003
  12. Alh S.S. Mohammed           2003-2003
  13. Alh Tajudeen Aro Folaranmi 2003-2006
  14. Chief Barr. Olusegun Olawoyin [24]2007-2007
  15. Chief Barr. Olusegun Olawoyin 2007-2010
  16. Prince Saheed Popoola[25]  2011-2013
  17. Alh isiaka Abubakar(Sole Administration)  2013-2013
  18. Prince Abdulwaheed Segun Olanipekun[26] Sept 2013
  19. Hon Jare Olatundun (TIC)[27]

Socio-cultural organizations

Offa Descendants Union
Image of offa Descendants Union entrance
Image of offa Descendants Union entrance

The umbrella of the socio-cultural organisation in Offa is Offa Descendants Union,which was founded in Lagos, Nigeria by Offa indigenes on 13th of October, 1935.[28] All other socio-cultural groups in the town are affiliates of ODU. The union has branches in all states of Nigeria and abroad.[29][30] It has been involved in development efforts like the establishment of secondary schools, encouragement of investors, medical outreaches, supporting artisans, and other professional bodies.[31][32][33]

List Of Co-founders Of Offa Descendants Union
  1. O. Bilewu of Esho Oke’s Compound, Offa.
  2. Joseph Oyebanji of Afobara’s Compound, Offa.
  3. Theophilus O. Olanrewaju of Oloyi’s Compound, Offa.
  4. Samuel Ade Akintoye of Gedegbe’s Compound, Offa.
  5. S.O. Oyawoye of Elemosho’s Compound, Offa.
  6. J.A. Oyawoye of Elemosho’s Compond, Offa.
  7. Jimoh Bukoye of Otenuadieboko’s Compound, Offa.
  8. Yesufu Alalikirani of Sahwo Elerin’s Compoound, Offa.
  9. James Omotekun of Olouyi’s Compound, Offa.
  10. Abraham Adesoye of Ola-Isale’s Compound, Offa.
  11. Salami Olagunju (popularly known as Salami Atike) of Ojude’s Compound.
  12. Buraimo
  13. h Moradeyo of Aba’s Compound, Offa.
  14. Moses Oyetoke of Alagure’s Compound, Offa.
  15. Busari Alabi of Agbopa’s Compound, Offa.
  16. Lawani Anjorin of Agbopa’s Compound, Offa.
  17. Shittu Anjorin of Agbopa’s Compound, Offa.
  18. James Awojobi of Gedegbe’s Compound, Offa.
  19. Gbadamosi Omowale of Ganifa’s Compound, Offa.
  20. Sunmonu Adedeji of Asanlu’s Compound, Offa.[34]

Past O.D.U Administrative Secretaries

1. Chief J. S. Olawoyin (late): 1953 - 1974 2. Alh. Azeez Oleyede: 1987 - 1993 3. Alhaji Muritala Popoola: 1994 - 1998 4. Prince A. A. Oloyede: 1999 - 2007 5. Hon. Abdulganiyu Sesan Agboola: 2008 - 2021[34]

History of Christianity in Offa

The Christian religion came to Offa from Osogbo through Reverend A.W. Smith {who later became a Bishop} and his wife. They both belonged to the Church Missionary Society {C.M.S} and it was this society they founded in Offa. Reverend Smith and his wife came to Offa from Osogbo in 1907. They staged a mobile film show for the people at the present site of Offa Central Mosque. They stayed in Offa for two days before they returned to Osogbo. They were lodged at Elemona compound on this visit.

First Baptist Church Offa picture
First Baptist Church Offa

Nothing was heard again about these Missionaries until the year 1909 when Reverend Smith and his wife came on another visit to Offa. When they came on this visit, they erected their camp at a place where a man named Fasanu used to have his abode.

Educational institutions
Lens polytechnic offa
An image showing Federal Polytechnic Offa permanent site
Federal Polytechnic Offa permanent site

Offa indigenes are educated and the town has over one hundred professors in varied academic fields[35] with the Ijaiya family having 10 professors.[36]There are Primary Schools, secondary schools,[37]three polytechnics, and a university. The first primary school is St. Mark's (Anglican) Primary School and was established in the year 1912, by the Church Missionary Society[38][39],[40] and Offa Grammar School which is the first community secondary school in defunct Northern Nigeria was established in 1943.[41] [42] The Federal Polytechnic,Offa was established in 1992.[43] Other tertiary institutions include The Kwara State College of Health Technology, Offa was also established earlier in 1976. The Navy School of Health Sciences, Pan Africa College of Education[44] Graceland Polytechnic,[45] Lens Polytechnic[46][47] and Summit University, Offa (the University of Ansarudeen Society of Nigeria). The Summit University was established in 2015 and commenced academic activities in 2017.[48] In 2020, it obtained full accreditation from the National Universities Commission for all its academic Courses.[49] University of Offa, (UNIOFFA) Offa, Kwara State, was founded in 2021, is a Tertiary Institution with some programs accredited by the National Universities Commission, (NUC).[50]

Commerce
Owode Merket sign board
Owode Merket sign board
Image of owode market entrance
Image of owode market entrance

Owode Market in Offa Kwara State, started over 40 years ago, it is held in every five days. It is a key driver of economic development for the neighborhood as well as the nearby towns and villages of Ijagbo, Erin-ile, Ojoku, Ikotun, Igosun, Ilemona, Irra, Inisha, and others.[51]

On the 5th of April 2018, The Offa robbery, occurred and claimed the lives of 18 people, including nine police officers and eight civilians, Owode Market was also a victim of this robbery.[52][53]

Offa Descendants Union, the community’s leading social and cultural group prior to support from the state government, stepped in to help market customers, opening the way for the construction of the Owode Ultra Modern Market, which cost millions of Naira. This includes the market being rebuilt and renovated with the help of other well-wishers and donors from the neighborhood to match the national standards. The Owode market has changed significantly since then.

Offa is also well known for the Owode market, the foremost market and pivot of economic activities not only for Offa and its environment but also for Kwara and neighboring states.[54]

Cultural ceremonies
Queen moremi Statue image
Queen moremi Statue

"Offa" means arrow in the Yoruba language, and the founder of the town was known as "Olofagangan" the warrior with a sharp arrow. Offa is the cultural headquarters of the Ibolo[55] people, which was regarded as an integral part of the old Oyo Empire.[56] The Ibolos are also found in the present Osun State.[55][20] The major traditional ceremony is 'Onimoka', which is an annual event to celebrate the memory of Queen Moremi an Offa indigene who saved the Ile-Ife kingdom from invaders.[57] During the ceremony, wrestling contests are held in which the traditional Chiefs including the Olofa will engage in mock wrestling contests (Ijakadi).[57][58] According to the Olofa, during the eight editions of the festival in December 2019, the festival demonstrates Offa people's "love for equity, justice, and fairness as well as the resilience and unity of the community .[57][59]

Queen Moremi

Moremi Ajasoro, Princess of the Yoruba, was a figure of high significance in the history of the Yoruba peoples. She was a member-by-marriage of the royal family of Emperor Oduduwa and was the wife of King Oranmiyan of Ife. She was a brave and beautiful woman who offered anything she had to give in sacrifice to the Spirit of the river Esimirin to discover the strength of her nation's enemies. She was taken as booty to the Igbo King and soon won the trust and affection of the King and people in Igbo land. The Igbo people of Ife were freed from the terrors of these previously invincible warriors when Princess Oluorogbo escaped and returned to her first husband, King Oramiyan of Ife.[60]

She sacrificed her only son Oluorogbo to fulfill her promise to Esimirin and was held in the highest esteem of any women in the Kingdom.

The Edi Festival[61] was started to celebrate her sacrifice, and public places are named after her in contemporary Nigeria.[62]

Population

The provincial figure for the population of Offa Local Government Area by the National population Commission (FRN official Gazette no24 of May, 2007 Government Notice) is 46,266 males and 43,428 females, altogether 89,674. Offa has the reputation of being the home of sweet potatoes.[10][63]

Ijakadi Festival

The people of Offa celebrate a host of annual festivals including Onimoka and Egungun.

Onimoka, the most famous of these festivals is celebrated by Offa people, gathered at the town square, to witness a blindfolded man slice a yam tuber into two equal parts, with miraculous precision. A high point during the festival is a ceremonial wrestling contest between the Olofa and Eesa – one of the chiefs.

Another important aspect of the Onimoka festival is the celebration of Moremi deity. Legend has it that Moremi was married to the Ooni of Ife from conquest. Olofa offer prayers for peace and prosperity, perform rituals, and make offerings to the spirit of Moremi.

Egungun (Masquerades) festival is celebrated with youths in colorful masks and robes entertaining the people by making rounds at various locations in the town. They are rewarded with cash gift for the performance.

The Egunguns also offer prayers and blessing to their benefactors and the town in general.[64]

Transportation in Offa

Offa’s transportation system allows easy movement of products and services across Offa and its surroundings using the roads such as (Okada, koropé, keke napep and taxi) and Rail such as train as transit modes.[65]

Brief History Of Railway in Offa
the Railway track in offa pictures
the Railway track in offa
Train Station Offa picture
Train Station Offa

Offa railway station was constructed by the British colonial government in 1896 with an interstate train station.[66] Offa serves as the beginning point for train travel to Lagos and other regions of the nation as one of the major stations along the Lagos-Ibadan-Ilorin rail route. In contrast to Ibadan terminus, which the general people referred to as a district, Offa terminus was constructed as the first terminal following Ibadan. Subsequently, Offa served as the administrative center for Oshogbo and Ilorin, both of which are currently state capitals in Nigeria. Offa attracted a lot of experts from around the globe due to its administrative position in control of Osogbo,Insha,Okuku, Erin-Ile, Ijagbo and Ilorin[67]

Sports
Offa Volleyball Club Logo
Offa Volleyball Club Logo

Offa offers a variety of sports, including football, volleyball, boxing, wrestling, taekwondo, and more.[68]

Football in Offa

The town has numerous football clubs, including Offa football Club, Offa United, Abiola Babes Football Academy, Unity Soccer Football Academy, Asenal Fc, and others, Offa possesses Olofa Township Stadium to hold sporting events and activities within the town and its surroundings.[69]

Volleyball Club
image showing Offa volleyball club pitch
OVC plaing ground

Offa volleyball Club is one of the well-grounded volleyball Clubs in Nigeria it has won several awards and gain national recognition during the last Nigeria Volleyball Premier League 2022[70]

Boxing

Boxing is one of the most well-known sports in the world, and it has drawn the interest and resources of many people in Offa. There are already boxing clubs, including "Offa Golden Stars Boxing Club," which competes at the municipal and state levels.[71]

Local Wrestling

Wrestling is a sport that is well-known in the sporting world and is significant to the people of Offa since it is a part of their local culture and has been practiced up until this point in Offa and other parts of Nigeria, which the government can encourage[72]

Hotels and Reservations Centres in Offa

The Avalon Hotel[73]

Salaudeen Adetoyi Avenue, Near Federal Poly

Awrab Suites Limited[74]

Rabiat Ibilola Ajeigbe Street, Olorunshogo Off Ojoku Road, Lamodi Area, Offa Kwara State.

Adlag Hotels[75]

Osogbo Road . Opposite Fed. Poly, Offa Gate, Offa, Kwara State.

Offa Central Hotel[76]

13 Olofa Way, Offa Kwara State.

Surkad Hotel

SukardHotel Along Igosun Road After Adesoye College Offa Kwara State

Royal Peacock Guest Inn[77]

Oba Adegboye Street, Offa Kwara State.

The Big Club Hotel[78]

Tipper Garage Area Kwara State.

Jobba Guest House[79]

Along IgoSUN Road, Offa, Offa, Nigeria

Heritage Guest House[80]

5, Iyanlaje Street, Oke- Agun Off Ipe Road

Modern City Guest House[81]

Alheri Sawmill Area Kwara State.

Rashma Guest Inn[82]

Off Secretariat Area behind Olorun Kushe House in Offa, Kwara State.

Metro Suite Hotel[83]

Metro Close Offa Kwara State.

Rash Guest House[84]

No. 27, Ikotun Road, Offa Kwara State.

Freedom Hotel Plc[85]

13, Irra Road, Offa Kwara State.

Ramola Hotel[86]

Noble Brewery Road in Offa Kwara State..

Goodies Patio[87]

is situated close to Federal Polytechnic; Offa in Kwara State.

Famsud Nigeria Limited[88]

Along Igosun Road, Adjacent Adesoye College, Offa, Nigeria

Hospitals and Healthcare centres in Offa
  • Offa General Hospital, Taiwo road, opposite UBA Bank Offa, Kwara State.
  • Abogunugu Health Centre Ile film
  • Igbo Oro Health Centre behind Olofa Palace Offa, Kwara State
  • Oluyemo Health Centre Oke Agun along Igosun road Offa,Kwara State
  • Lamodi Health Centre Isale Owode market
  • Onome Hospital Ijakadi area, Offa, Kwara State
  • Olalomi hospital along Irra road, Offa, Kwara State
  • Olanipekun Hospital insyd GRA offa, Offa, Kwara State
  • Giwa Hospital along Ipee road Offa Kwara State
  • Navy hospital inside Navy premises
  • Wale hospital Osunte area Offa, Kwara State
  • Muslim hospital No.1 Junction off Thomade House Offa, Kwara State
  • Jibiye Hospital @ Atan Oba area Offa, Kwara State
  • Efunlola Memorial Hospital along Federal Polytechnic Offa, Kwara State
  • Afolabi Hospital Unity junction, Offa kwara State
  • Gentle Man Abdulsalam Hospital Oke Agun, Offa kwara State
  • Al-Ikhlas Clinic and Maternity, Avalon Street, Offa Kwara State

Offa Anthem

Offa'O Aye;e Offa'OO...x2

Iyeru Okin Omo Abi lofa nile Olalomi

Olalomi Omo abi lofa ni'ilu Anama

Kukunduku se ewe geru loriki Anama

Offa'O ayele Offa'O....!!!

Bi mo ba wa'aye ni'igba egbeje

Nba wa'aye ni'gba egbefa

Olalomi baba mi nio tu mi bi...!!! [89]

Pledge

Nio tun mi bi ooo… X2

Olalomi baba mi nio tun mi bi………!!! [90]

The list of Towns and Villages in Offa Local Government


Ago Offa

Ahogbada

Ajegunle

Ajelanwa

Ajoko

Alabanle

Alabere

Alagi

Alao

Alase

Alaya

Alayin

Alayin Aleyin

Alebale

Aleniboro





[91]

Commercial Institutions in Offa
  1. UNITY BANK, OFFA
  2. UNION BANK PLC, OFFA
  3. U.B.A BANK,OFFA
  4. G.T. BANK, OFFA
  5. FIRST BANK, OFFA
  6. SKYE BANK, OFFA
  7. OCEANIC BANK, OFFA
  8. AFRI BANK, OFFA
  9. ZENITH BANK, OFFA
  10. OURS MICROFINANCE BANK,OFFA
  11. SINCERE MICROFINANCE BANK, OFFA
  12. IBOLO COMMUNITY BANK, OFFA
  13. OLALOMI COMMUNITY BANK, OFFA
  14. PEOPLE’S BANK OF NIGERIA PLC, OFFA

Bibiliography
  • Olafimihan, James Bukoye: Iwe Itan Offa (The Book of the History of Offa).

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