Portal:Finland

The Finland Portal

Location of Finland

Finland (Finnish: Suomi [ˈsuo̯mi] (listen); Swedish: Finland [ˈfɪ̌nland] (listen)), officially the Republic of Finland (Finnish: Suomen tasavalta; Swedish: Republiken Finland (listen to all)), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, across from Estonia. Finland covers an area of 338,455 square kilometres (130,678 sq mi) with a population of 5.6 million. Helsinki is the capital and largest city. The vast majority of the population are ethnic Finns. Finnish and Swedish are the official languages, Swedish is the native language of 5.2% of the population. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to the boreal in the north. The land cover is primarily a boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes.

Finland was first inhabited around 9000 BC after the Last Glacial Period. The Stone Age introduced several different ceramic styles and cultures. The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterized by contacts with other cultures in Fennoscandia and the Baltic region. From the late 13th century, Finland became a part of Sweden as a consequence of the Northern Crusades. In 1809, as a result of the Finnish War, Finland became part of the Russian Empire as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland, during which Finnish art flourished and the idea of independence began to take hold. In 1906, Finland became the first European state to grant universal suffrage, and the first in the world to give all adult citizens the right to run for public office. After the 1917 Russian Revolution, Finland declared independence from Russia. In 1918, the fledgling state was divided by the Finnish Civil War. During World War II, Finland fought the Soviet Union in the Winter War and the Continuation War, and Nazi Germany in the Lapland War. It subsequently lost parts of its territory, but maintained its independence. (Full article...)

Selected article -

The Orthodox Church of Finland or Finnish Orthodox Church (Finnish: Suomen ortodoksinen kirkko, lit. 'Finnish Orthodox Church'; Swedish: Ortodoxa kyrkan i Finland, lit. 'Orthodox Church in Finland') is an autonomous Eastern Orthodox archdiocese of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. The church has a legal position as a national church in the country, along with the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland.

With its roots in the medieval Novgorodian missionary work in Karelia, the Orthodox Church of Finland was a part of the Russian Orthodox Church until 1923. Today the church has three dioceses and 54,895 members in Finland, accounting for almost one percent of the native population of Finland. The parish of Helsinki has the most adherents. There are also 2,700 members living abroad. (Full article...)

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Selected image -

Helsinki Cathedral

Photograph credit: Joaquim Alves Gaspar

Helsinki Cathedral is an Evangelical Lutheran cathedral of the Diocese of Helsinki, located in the centre of Helsinki, Finland. Designed by Carl Ludvig Engel to form the focal point of Senate Square, it was built from 1830 to 1852 in the Neoclassical style. The church's plan forms a Greek cross (a square centre and four equilateral arms), symmetrical in each of the four cardinal directions. The cathedral is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Helsinki, with more than half a million visitors in 2018.

Did you know (auto-generated)

... that Meeri Kalavainen, Finland's first minister of culture, helped end a schism in the women's branch of the Social Democratic Party?
... that the University of Oulu renamed an institute after Finnish politician Kerttu Saalasti in 2017, six decades after she introduced the bill that established the university?
... that Domus Litonii is the only remaining 19th-century residential building in the entire centre of Helsinki?
... that a song about an esports team went viral in Finland?
... that Finland became a member state of the International Labour Organization 100 years ago today?
... that Mika Kares returned to Finland to perform the title role of Boito's opera Mefistofele at the Savonlinna Opera Festival?

Wikiprojects

You are invited to participate in Finland WikiProject, a WikiProject dedicated to developing and improving articles about Finland.

More did you know -

...the Finnish Air Force selected the Saab 91 Safir as its primary trainer aircraft over the domestic Valmet Tuuli III?
...that the Kaleva, a Finnish passenger plane carrying diplomatic post, was shot down by Soviet bombers in an act of aggression?
...that the majority of Assyrians in Finland live in Oulu, the sixth largest city in the country?
...that Finland was close to becoming an independent kingdom in 1742?
...that the Saint Petersburg–Hiitola railroad was completed by 1917, but a year later the Finnish Civil War caused traffic to stop, with a mile of track removed?

Good article -

This is a Good article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.

Thomas (Finnish: Tuomas) is the first known bishop of Finland. Only a few facts are known about his life. He resigned in 1245 and died in Visby three years later. (Full article...)

List of Good articles

General images

The following are images from various Finland-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Wehrmacht soldiers with a local Sámi reindeer herder, Lappland, Sodankylä, Finland 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 2Stone Age dwelling named Kierikki 5000–3000 BC (from History of Finland)
Image 3Apocalyptica's Perttu Kivilaakso playing metal music live (from Culture of Finland)
Image 42007 Formula One World Champion Kimi Räikkönen celebrating victory at the 2007 Brazilian Grand Prix (from Culture of Finland)
Image 5A smoke sauna (savusauna) in Enonkoski (from Culture of Finland)
Image 6Erkki Karu, one of the pioneers of the Finnish cinema, with cinematographer Eino Kari in 1927 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 7A reconstruction of a 12th-century Perniö costume (from History of Finland)
Image 8In the sauna, by Pekka Halonen, 1925 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 9Grand Duchy of Finland, 75 kopek assignat (1824) (from History of Finland)
Image 10Kreeta Haapasalo Playing the Kantele in a Peasant Cottage (1868), by Robert Wilhelm Ekman (from History of Finland)
Image 11A peasant girl and a woman in traditional dress from Ruokolahti, eastern Finland, as depicted by Severin Falkman in 1882 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 12Imagery collage of Birger Jarl conquering Häme and the construction of Häme Castle (from History of Finland)
Image 13Winter War Monument in Suomussalmi, Kainuu, Finland (from History of Finland)
Image 14Pieces of the Antrea Net (8,300 BC), the oldest-known fishing net in the world. (from History of Finland)
Image 15Mikael Agricola hands over the Finnish Translation of the New Testament to King Gustav Wasa. (from History of Finland)
Image 16Women in sauna with Vihtas
Image 17The first government of independent Finland. P. E. Svinhufvud, the first Prime Minister of Finland, sitting at the head of the table. (from History of Finland)
Image 18The part of Finland controlled by the Reds at its largest in February–March 1918 (from History of Finland)
Image 19Memorial of the Mannerheim Cross Knights of Parikkala, Finland (from History of Finland)
Image 20This 1825 map of the Grand Duchy of Finland is from a larger work, geographical atlas of the Russian Empire. (from History of Finland)
Image 21Paavo Nurmi at the 1920 Summer Olympics (from Culture of Finland)
Image 22President K. J. Ståhlberg in his office in 1919 (from History of Finland)
Image 23S/S Urania in Hanko harbor in 1893, with 509 emigrants on board on their way to America (from History of Finland)
Image 24Pekka Halonen's painting "against persecutors" from 1896 depicts the warfare of the ancient Finns. (from History of Finland)
Image 25Janne Ahonen is considered one of the best and most successful currently active ski jumpers. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 26The Swedish empire at its largest. Most of present-day Finland was part of Sweden proper, rike, shown in dark green. (from History of Finland)
Image 27The decision of the Soviet of the People's Comissars' to recognise Finnish independence, signed by Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Grigory Petrovsky, Joseph Stalin, Isaac Steinberg, Vladimir Karelin, and Alexander Schlichter (from History of Finland)
Image 28Northern Europe in 814 (from History of Finland)
Image 29Map of Finnish areas ceded to the Soviet Union in 1944, after the Continuation War (from History of Finland)
Image 30The Finno-Soviet Treaty (from History of Finland)
Image 31In 2011 figure skater Kiira Korpi was ranked 4th in the world. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 32Jean Sibelius at work in his study (from History of Finland)
Image 33Midsummer bonfire (kokko) in Mäntsälä (from Culture of Finland)
Image 34The ruins of Vammala burned by the Reds, during the Civil war (from History of Finland)
Image 35Ancylus Lake covered major part of Finland (7,500–6,000 BC) (from History of Finland)
Image 36Alvar Aalto, Viipuri Library (1927–35) (from Culture of Finland)
Image 37People gathered in the Senate Square for a demonstration against the February Manifesto in March 1899. (from History of Finland)
Image 38The Finnish composer Jean Sibelius (1865–1957), a significant figure in the history of classical music (from Culture of Finland)
Image 39Eero Järnefelt, Burning the Brushwood, 1893 (from History of Finland)
Image 40President Urho Kekkonen's funeral procession in 1986 (from History of Finland)
Image 41Kalmar Union in 1400s (from History of Finland)
Image 42An old drawing of the city of Turku in the 18th century (from History of Finland)
Image 43Marshal of Finland Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim visit in Germany, 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 44A triptych by Akseli Gallen-Kallela, depicting the Aino Story of Kalevala on three panes (from Culture of Finland)
Image 45Homann's map of the Scandinavian Peninsula and Fennoscandia with their surrounding territories: northern Germany, northern Poland, the Baltic region, Livonia, Belarus, and parts of Northwest Russia. Johann Baptist Homann (1664–1724) was a German geographer and cartographer; map dated around 1730. (from History of Finland)
Image 46Painting of Lalli killing Henry. Painting by C. A. Ekman. (from History of Finland)
Image 47A group of Finnish soldiers operating a Bofors gun during the Continuation War in 1943 (from History of Finland)
Image 48Battle of Valkeala was part of the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790). (from History of Finland)
Image 49Karjalanpiirakka, a traditional Finnish pastry (from Culture of Finland)
Image 50Stone Age stone axe engraved with human face found from Kiuruvesi. (from History of Finland)
Image 51Helsinki Accords Treaty (from History of Finland)
Image 52A summer cottage (mökki) on a lake island (from Culture of Finland)
Image 53A view of Pohjoisesplanadi in the center of Helsinki in 1891 (from History of Finland)
Image 54Three Finnish Romani women in Helsinki, Finland, in 1930s (from Culture of Finland)
Image 55Identification document and tag of a Finnish war child (from History of Finland)
Image 56Battle of Gangut (Hanko) was part of the Great Northern War during 1700–1721. (from History of Finland)
Image 57Turku Cathedral and its surroundings from 1814 (from History of Finland)
Image 58The area controlled by Finland at its largest, in 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 59Finnish Guards' Rifle Battalion, 1850s (from History of Finland)
Image 60The area of Finland in the years 1920–1940. The 1935 county and municipality division on the map. (from History of Finland)
Image 61Finland Ostrobothnia regiment uniforms in 1705 (from History of Finland)
Image 62Signing the Helsinki Accords are the West German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, East Germany's leader Erich Honecker, US president Gerald Ford and the Austrian chancellor Bruno Kreisky (from History of Finland)
Image 63Kastelli Giant's Church in Pattijoki by Pöljä culture (from History of Finland)
Image 64Badge of the Finnish White/Civil Guard (from History of Finland)
Image 65Captain Aarne Juutilainen at the front at Kollaa during the Winter War (from History of Finland)
Image 66Students on Helsinki's Esplanadi wearing their caps on Vappu (from Culture of Finland)
Image 67Finnish folk dancers in a 1907 postcard sent from Mustamäki, Finland (from Culture of Finland)
Image 68Prehistoric red ochre painted rock art of moose, human figures, and boats in Astuvansalmi, Finland, from ca. 3800–2200 BC (from Culture of Finland)
Image 69(1809 Diet of Porvoo) The sovereign's pledge, printed in Finnish (from History of Finland)
Image 70Linus Torvalds, a famous Fennoswede software engineer, best known for initiating the development of the Linux kernel (from Culture of Finland)

In the news

11 May 2023 –: Twenty-four people are injured when a temporary pedestrian bridge collapses in Espoo, Finland. (AP) (Yle)
16 April 2023 – Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant: After 18 years under construction, the Olkiluoto 3 reactor in Finland, Europe's most powerful nuclear power plant unit at 1.6 GW, begins delivering regular electrical output. (Reuters) (Bloomberg)
4 April 2023 – Enlargement of NATO: Finland–NATO relations; Finland officially joins NATO, becoming the 31st member of the military alliance and expanding NATO's border with Russia by 1,300 kilometres (810 mi). (Time) (BBC News)
2 April 2023 – 2023 Finnish parliamentary election: Finns head to the polls to elect the 200 members of the parliament. Centre-right National Coalition Party wins the most votes at 20.7%, while the ruling Social Democratic Party places third with 19.9%. (Euronews 1) (Euronews 2)
30 March 2023 – Enlargement of NATO, Finland–NATO relations: Finland–Turkey relations

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Selected panorama -

View of Lake Pielinen in Koli National Park

Panorama of Lake Pielinen from a hill in Koli National Park, Finland

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This is a list of recognized content, updated weekly by JL-Bot (talk · contribs). There is no need to edit the list yourself. If an article is missing from the list, make sure it is tagged (e.g. {{WikiProject Finland}}) or categorized correctly. See WP:RECOG for configuration options.

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Albert Edelfelt - Louis Pasteur - 1885
Anefo 932-2378 Keke Rosberg, Zandvoort, 03-07-1982 - Restoration
Eero-Saarinen (cropped)
FIN-A36b-Finlands Bank-20 Markkaa (1862)
Hankopan
Helsinki July 2013-27a
Kaleva Church 4
Lutheran Cathedral Helsinki edit
Neste Oil Rally 2010 - Jari-Matti Latvala in shakedown
Nils Torvalds MEP, Strasbourg - Diliff
Rally Finland 2010 - shakedown - Nasser Al-Attiyah 1
Scandinavia.TMO2003050
Silja Serenade in Stockholm
VR Sr1 3015 Kuopio Drawbridge
Vexi Salmi

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Albert Edelfelt - Louis Pasteur - 1885
Anefo 932-2378 Keke Rosberg, Zandvoort, 03-07-1982 - Restoration
FIN-A36b-Finlands Bank-20 Markkaa (1862)
Hankopan
Helsinki July 2013-27a
Kaleva Church 4
Lutheran Cathedral Helsinki edit
Neste Oil Rally 2010 - Jari-Matti Latvala in shakedown
Nils Torvalds MEP, Strasbourg - Diliff
Rally Finland 2010 - shakedown - Nasser Al-Attiyah 1
Scandinavia.TMO2003050
Silja Serenade in Stockholm
Vexi Salmi

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