Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas

The Indigenous peoples of the Americas Portal

The Indigenous peoples of the Americas are the inhabitants of the Americas before the arrival of the European settlers in the 15th century, and the ethnic groups who now identify themselves with those peoples.

Many Indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are, but many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. While some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting, and gathering. In some regions, the Indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, city-states, chiefdoms, states, kingdoms, republics, confederacies, and empires. Some had varying degrees of knowledge of engineering, architecture, mathematics, astronomy, writing, physics, medicine, planting and irrigation, geology, mining, metallurgy, sculpture, and gold smithing. (Full article...)

Selected article

The American Indian Movement (AIM) is a Native American advocacy group in the United States, founded in July 1968 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. AIM was initially formed to address American Indian sovereignty, treaty issues, spirituality, and leadership, while simultaneously addressing incidents of police harassment and racism against Native Americans forced to move off of reservations and away from tribal culture by the 1950s era federal government termination policies, created in the 1930s but never enforced. "As independent citizens and taxpayers, without good education or experience, most 'terminated' Indians were reduced within a few years to widespread illness and utter poverty, whether or not they were relocated to cities" from the reservations. The various specific issues concerning Native American urban communities like Minneapolis, also known as "red ghettos", are high unemployment levels, racism, police harassment, poverty, and substandard housing. Aim's overriding objective is to create "real economic independence for the Indians". From its beginnings in Minnesota, AIM soon attracted members from across the United States and Canada.

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Selected image

Miniconjou Lakota Sioux Chief Spotted Elk lies dead in the snow, victim of the Wounded Knee massacre

image credit: National Archives and Records Administration

General images

The following are images from various Indigenous peoples of the Americas-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Quechua woman and child in the Sacred Valley, Cuzco Region, Peru (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 2Principal component analysis showing the Native American cluster in the context of other Eurasian populations. (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 3The domesticated plant species that were cultivated by the Indigenous peoples have greatly influenced the crops that were produced globally. Despite not being acknowledged for their contributions, they are still highly influential in the agricultural industry. (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 4A Warao family from Venezuela traveling in their canoe (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 5Drawing accompanying text in Book XII of the 16th-century Florentine Codex (compiled 1540–1585), showing Nahuas of conquest-era central Mexico suffering from smallpox (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 6Tunumiit Inuit couple from Kulusuk, Greenland (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 7Some Inuit on a traditional qamutiik (dog sled) in Cape Dorset, Nunavut, Canada (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 8The West Indies in relation to the continental Americas (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 9Indigenous Salvadoran Pipil women dancing in the traditional Procession of Palms, Panchimalco in El Salvador (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 10Diné boy, in the desert of Monument Valley, Arizona, United States of America. The Three Sisters buttes are visible in the background. (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 11Main indigenous language families of South America and Panama (except Quechua, Aymaran, and Mapudungun (Mapuche´ languague)) (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 12Indigenous woman in traditional dress, near Cochabamba, Bolivia (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 13Language families of Indigenous peoples in North America: shown across present-day Canada, Greenland, the United States, and northern Mexico (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 14Indigenous man playing a panpipe, antara or siku (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 15Indigenous man of Terena tribe from Brazil (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 16Choctaw artist from Oklahoma (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 17Owners of a roadside cafe near Cachi, Argentina (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 18Bill Reid's sculpture The Raven and the First Men (collection of the Museum of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver). The Raven represents the Trickster figure common to many mythologies. (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 19Chimu culture feather pectoral, feathers, reed, copper, silver, hide, cordage, ca. 1350–1450 CE (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 20The Kogi, descendants of the Tairona, are a culturally-intact, largely pre-Columbian society. The Tairona were one of the few indigenous American tribes that were not fully conquered. (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 21Rarámuri marathon in Urique (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 22Ancient mesoamerican engraving of maize, National Museum of Anthropology, Mexico (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 23Wayúu artisan women, in the Colombian-Venezuelan Guajira (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 24Cultural areas of North America at time of European contact (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 25Mayan women in Antigua Guatemala (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 26Shaman of the Cofán people from the Ecuadorian Amazon Ecuador Amazonian forest (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 27Maya women from Guatemala (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 28Textile art by Julia Pingushat (Inuk, Arviat, Nunavut, Canada), wool, embroidery floss, 1995 (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 29Tenejapa Carnival with Tzeltal people, Chiapas (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 30Schematic illustration of maternal (mtDNA) gene-flow in and out of Beringia, from 25,000 years ago to present
Image 31Maya glyphs in stucco at the Museo de sitio in Palenque, Mexico (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 32Mapuche man in Chile (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 33Quechua women in festive dress, on the island of Taquile (Lake Titicaca) (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 34A bison hunt depicted by George Catlin (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 35Members of an uncontacted tribe encountered in the Brazilian state of Acre in 2009 (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 36"The Maiden", one of the discovered Llullaillaco mummies. A Preserved Inca human sacrifice from around the year 1500. (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 37Mapuche man and woman. The Mapuche make up about 85% of Indigenous population that live in Chile. (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 38Indigenous people at a Brazilian farm plantation in Minas Gerais ca. 1824 (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 39Wixarika (Huichol) woman from Zacatecas (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 40A Mayan woman (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 41A Navajo man on horseback in Monument Valley, Arizona (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 42Evo Morales (Aymara), former President of Bolivia (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 43The map shows the origin of the first wave of humans into the Americas. Involved are the ANE (Ancestral Northern Eurasian, which represent a distinct Paleolithic Siberian population, and the NEA (Northeast Asians, which are an East Asian-related group). The admixture happened somewhere in Northeast Siberia. (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 44Guambía people relaxing in Colombia (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)

Selected biography

Geronimo

Geronimo (Chiricahua: Goyaałé, "one who yawns"; often spelled Goyathlay or Goyahkla in English) (June 16, 1829 – February 17, 1909) was a prominent Native American leader of the Chiricahua Apache who fought against Mexico and the United States for their expansion into Apache tribal lands for several decades during the Apache Wars.

Goyahkla (Geronimo) was born to the Bedonkohe band of the Apache, near Turkey Creek, a tributary of the Gila River in the modern-day state of New Mexico, then part of Mexico, but which his family considered Bedonkohe land. His grandfather (Mako) had been chief of the Bedonkohe Apache. He had three brothers and four sisters.

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Did you know…

... that the Cascajal Block, a serpentinite slab from the Olmec civilization, was dated to the which early first millennium BCE and may represent the earliest writing system in the Americas?
... that Jim Thorpe (Sac and Fox) won the 1912 Olympic gold medals for the pentathlon and decathlon?
...that underwater panthers were creatures appearing in the mythology of a number of Native American traditions, which combined the features of mountain lions or lynx with those of snakes, and were believed to inhabit the deepest parts of lakes and rivers?

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Machu Picchu

image credit: Martin St-Amant

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Avañe'ẽ (Warani) · Aymar aru (Aymara) · ᏣᎳᎩ (Cherokee) · Chahta (Choctaw) · ᐃᔨᔫ (Cree) · ᐃᓄᒃ (Inuktitut) · Iñupiak · Kalaallisut (Greenlandic Inuit) · Mvskoke (Muscogee) · Nahuatlahtolli · Diné bizaad (Navajo) · Qhichwa Simi · Tsêhesenêstsestôtse (Cheyenne)

Indigenous languages in Wikimedia Incubators: Alabama · Blackfoot · Chinook Jargon · Choctaw · Creek · Lakota · Micmac · Mohawk · Nheengatu · Northwestern Ojibwa · O'odham · Shoshoni · Unami-Lenape · Wüne pakina (Mapudungun) · Yucatec Maya · Central Alaskan Yup'ik · Zuni

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