Ringo R470

Ringo R-470 was a Brazilian clone of the Sinclair ZX81 by Ritas do Brasil Ltda. introduced in 1983.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] It featured a Z80A processor at 3.25 MHz, 8K ROM and 16 KB RAM.[9][10] It wasn't 100% compatible with the ZX81, and some BASIC tokens have alternate codings.[1]

Ringo R-470
DeveloperRitas do Brasil Ltda
TypeHome computer
Release date1983 (1983)
Introductory priceCr$ 449,950.00
Operating system8K Sinclair BASIC
CPUZ80 at 3.25 MHz
Memory16 KB
Removable storageAudio cassette
DisplayMonochrome TV; 32 x 24 characters, 64 x 48 using semigraphic symbols

The machine had a price of Cr$449,950,[9] higher than competitor computers like the TK85 that costed Cr$369,850,[9] and it was not successful.

This computer can be emulated on modern systems under EightyOne Sinclair Emulator or MAME.[11][12]

Keywords and Symbols

BASIC keywords and character mapping are slightly altered on Ringo R-470 compared to the ZX81. Entry is still accomplished per keyword token, obtained using diferent cursor modes and key combinations, but these are diferent from the ZX81. The following table shows the supported BASIC keyword tokens and symbols, and the key combinations needed to enter them.[1]

BASIC Keyword or Symbol Entered using
“ Left Shift + P
“” Left Shift + 2
$ Left Shift + O
( Left Shift + X
(edit mode) Left Shift + 1
(graphics mode) Left Shift + 9
) Left Shift + C
* Left Shift + G
** Left Shift + F
+ Left Shift + K
– Left Shift + J
/ Left Shift + H
: Left Shift + N
; Left Shift + M
< Left Shift + V
<= Left Shift + Y
<> Left Shift + U
= Left Shift + L
> Left Shift + B
>= Left Shift + I
? Left Shift + Z
ABS Left Control then G
ACS Left Control then R
AND Left Shift + A
ARCTAN Left Control then Y
ASN Left Control then W
AT Left Control then M
CHR$ Left Control then D
CLEAR Z
CLS X
CODE Left Control then C
CONT C
COPY Q
COS Left Control then E
DIM D
EXP Left Control then K
FAST Left Shift + R
FOR F
GOSUB H
GOTO G
IF W
INKEY$ Left Control then I
INPUT I
INT Left Control then H
LEN Left Control then X
LET K
LIST L
LLIST Left Shift + 4
LN Left Control then L
LOAD A
LPRINT Left Shift + 3
NEW M
NEXT N
NOT Left Control then N
OR Left Shift + Q
PAUSE E
PEEK Left Control then B
PLOT Y
POKE B
PRINT P
RAND O
REM T
RETURN J
RND Left Control then O
RUN R
SAVE S
SCROLL V
SGN Left Control then J
SIN Left Control then Q
SLOW Left Shift + E
SQR Left Control then F
STEP Left Shift + D
STOP Left Shift + S
STR$ Left Control then S
TAB Left Control then ,
TAN Left Control then T
THEN Left Shift + W
TO Left Shift + T
UNPLOT U
USR Left Control then U
VAL Left Control then V
π Left Control then P

References
  1. "Trying Out the Ringo R-470, a Brazilian ZX-81 Clone - Code, Strings, and Keys". 2021-09-22. Retrieved 2023-01-05.
  2. "O Ringo R-470". Datassette (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2018-11-12. Retrieved 2023-01-05.
  3. "Ringo R470". Spectrum Computing.
  4. Woodcock, Colin (2012-05-07). The ZX Spectrum on Your PC. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1-4716-9612-1.
  5. "Computadores & Comunicações". Jornal do Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). May 20, 1985. p. 15.
  6. "Micro R-470 Ringo - ZX81". COB-Clube Old Bits (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2005. Archived from the original on 2015-10-30. Retrieved 2023-01-11.
  7. 14.° CONEX - FORMAÇÃO E CATALOGAÇÃO DO ACERVO DO MUSEU DA COMPUTAÇÃO DA UEPG (PDF) (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2016. p. 5.
  8. Manual de Operação do Microcomputador R-470 Ringo (PDF) (1 ed.). Ritas do Brasil. 1983.
  9. "Ringo R470 advert". Micro Sistemas (in Brazilian Portuguese). May 1984. p. 43.
  10. "ZX81 Clones from Ritas do Brazil". Kio's Sinclair ZX Computers Archive. Retrieved 2023-01-11.
  11. "EightyOne Sinclair Emulator". SourceForge. Retrieved 2023-02-15.
  12. Motoschifo. "Ringo 470 - MAME machine". adb.arcadeitalia.net (in Italian). Retrieved 2023-02-15.


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