Sürmene

Sürmene (Greek: Σούρμενα, Sourmena; Ottoman Turkish: ﺳﻮرﻣﻨﻪ, romanized as Sürmena[/e]) is a small town and district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. In ancient times the town of Hyssus or Hyssos (Ancient Greek: Υσσός) was nearby.[3] The mayor is Rahmi Üstün (AKP).

Sürmene
Sürmene is located in Turkey
Sürmene
Sürmene
Coordinates: 40°54′51″N 40°06′45″E
Country Turkey
ProvinceTrabzon
Government
 • MayorRahmi Üstün (AKP)
 • KaymakamMustafa Özarslan
Area
[1]
 • District226.63 km2 (87.50 sq mi)
Elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2012)[2]
 • Urban
15,445
 • District
26,945
 • District density120/km2 (310/sq mi)
ClimateCfa
Websitewww.surmene.bel.tr
Memiş Ağa Mansion in Sürmene

Sürmene (Humurgan)[4] is situated some 40 km (25 mi) east of Trabzon. Known in antiquity also as Susarmia or Augustopolis, it lies on the River Kora (Manahoz Deresi) and is best known as the place where Xenophon and his Ten Thousand fell sick after eating wild honey, an event which was confirmed by the local people. In the village of Kastil, 5 km (3.1 mi) to the west of Sürmene, stands a ruined medieval castle as well as the impressively restored 18th-century Yakupoğlu Memiş Ağa Konağı mansion. This was formerly the seat of the Yakupoğlu family, who lived here as rulers (derebeys, hence its alternative name of Derebeyli Kale, the Castle of the Derebeys) of the surrounding region relatively free of interference from the Ottoman government in faraway Constantinople/Istanbul.

Economy

Historically, Sürmene produced small amounts of manganese. The area also had mineral springs, and shipped bottled water to Istanbul.[5]

Flora and fauna

According to WWF the largest amount of endemic flora is to be found in the Ağaçbaşı yayla (summer upland pasture) in Surmene.

See also

References
  1. "Area of regions (including lakes), km²". Regional Statistics Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. 2002. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
  2. "Population of province/district centers and towns/villages by districts - 2012". Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
  3. "An Overview of Rize's History". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  4. "Humurgan". T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  5. Prothero, W. G. (1920). Armenia and Kurdistan. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 73.
  6. "Çavuşpaşa.ni̇noğlu. Muhammetağa. Bölük.no.13.Öl. 1718".
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