Sikhism by country

Most of the 25-30 million followers of Sikhism, the world's fifth-largest religion, live in the northern Indian state of Punjab, the only Sikh-majority administrative division on Earth,[2][3][4][5][6][7] but Sikh communities exist on every inhabited continent. Sizeable Sikh populations in countries across the world exist in India (21,668,524),[8] Canada (771,790),[9] England (520,092),[10] the United States (~269,986),[36] and Australia (210,400), while countries with the largest proportions of Sikhs include Canada (2.12%),[9] India (1.56%), Cyprus (1.1%)[37][38] and England (0.92%),[10][39] New Zealand (0.87%), and Australia (0.83%).

The Sikh diaspora and population centers as of 2004[1]
Sikhism
Khanda
Sikh gurus
Select revered saints
Philosophy
Practices
Scripture
Places and Takhts
General topics and terminology

Administrative divisions with significant proportions of Sikhs include Punjab, India (Sikhs account for 58 percent of the population), Chandigarh, India (13.1 percent), British Columbia, Canada (5.9 percent),[9] Haryana, India (4.9 percent), Delhi, India (3.4 percent), West Midlands, England (2.9 percent), Manitoba, Canada (2.7 percent),[9] Alberta, Canada (2.5 percent),[9] Uttarakhand, India (2.3 percent), and Ontario, Canada (2.1 percent).[9] Meanwhile, cities outside India with the largest Sikh populations are Brampton, Ontario, Canada (163,260),[40] Surrey, British Columbia, Canada (154,415),[41] and London, England (144,543).[42]

Countries

The figures on the table below are either based on each of the country's respective censuses or are calculated by specific organizations. Some of these figures are rounded off. In case of conflicting estimates, both the lowest and highest estimates are included.

Sikhs and Sikhism by country
Region Country No. of Sikhs Sikh %  % of all Sikhs
Central Asia Afghanistan Afghanistan 140[43] 0.0% 0.001%
South America Argentina Argentina 300[44] 0.001% 0.001%
Central Europe Austria Austria 9,000[45] 0.10% 0.04%
Oceania Australia Australia 210,400[46] 0.83% 0.87%
Western Asia Bahrain Bahrain 2,000[47] 0.11% 0.01%
South Asia Bangladesh Bangladesh 100[48] 0.0003% 0.0004%
Western Europe Belgium Belgium 10,000[49] 0.09% 0.04%
South America Brazil Brazil 300[50] <0.01% 0.001%
North America Canada Canada 771,790[9] 2.12% 3.2%
East Asia China People's Republic of China 7,500 <0.01% 0.03%
Southern Europe Cyprus Cyprus 13,280[37][38] 1.1% 0.06%
Northern Europe Denmark Denmark 4,000[51] 0.07% 0.02%
Northern Europe Faroe Islands Faroe Islands 3[51] <0.01% 0%
Oceania Fiji Fiji 2,577[52] 0.3% 0.01%
Western Europe France France 8,000[53] 0.0267% 0.03%
Western Asia Georgia (country) Georgia 1,500[54] 0.04% 0.01%
Central Europe Germany Germany 10,000–20,000[55] 0.03% 0.04%
Southern Europe Greece Greece 20,000 0.1% 0.08%
East Asia Hong Kong Hong Kong 15,000[56] 0.20% 0.06%
Western Europe Iceland Iceland 100[57] 0.03% 0.0004%
South Asia India India ~21,668,524[8] 1.56% 89.75%
Southeast Asia Indonesia Indonesia 15,000[62] <0.01% 0.06%
Western Europe Republic of Ireland Ireland 1,705[63] 0.04% 0.01%
Southern Europe Italy Italy 150,000[64][65][66] 0.26% 0.62%
East Africa Kenya Kenya 6,000[67] 0.01% 0.02%
Western Asia Kuwait Kuwait 10,000–20,000[68] 0.64% 0.04%
Southeast Asia Malaysia Malaysia 100,000[69] 0.44% 0.41%
Southern Africa Mauritius Mauritius 380[70] 0.0% 0.002%
North America Mexico Mexico 8,000 <0.01% 0.03%
South Asia Nepal Nepal 5,890[71] 0.02% 0.02%
Western Europe Netherlands Netherlands 10,000[72] 0.07% 0.04%
Oceania New Zealand New Zealand 40,908[73] 0.88% 0.17%
Northern Europe Norway Norway 4,080[74] <0.01% 0.02%
Northern Europe Oman Oman 35,540[75] 0.66% 0.15%
South Asia Pakistan Pakistan 6,146[76][77][78] 0.003% 0.03%
Central America Panama Panama 300 <0.01% 0.001%
Southeast Asia Philippines Philippines 50,000[79][80] 0.1% 0.21%
Europe Portugal Portugal 7,000[81] 0.07% 0.03%
Middle East Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 6,700[82] 0.02% 0.03%
Southeast Asia Singapore Singapore 12,000[83] 0.22% 0.05%
Southern Europe Spain Spain 26,000[84] 0.005% 0.11%
Northern Europe Sweden Sweden 4,000[84] 0.04% 0.02%
Southeast Asia Thailand Thailand 40,000[85] 0.13% 0.17%
Central America Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad 150[86] <0.005% 0.001%
Western Asia United Arab Emirates UAE 52,000[87] 0.57% 0.22%
East Africa Uganda Uganda 2,400[88] 0.006% 0.01%
Western Europe United Kingdom United Kingdom 524,140[10] 0.88% 2.17%
North America United States United States ~269,986[36] 0.08% 1.12%
Total 24,142,836[lower-alpha 1] 100%

Largest proportions
  1.  Canada 2.12%[9][89]
  2.  India 1.56%[8]
  3.  Cyprus 1.1%[37][90]
  4.  United Kingdom 0.88%[91]
  5.  New Zealand 0.88%[92]
  6.  Australia 0.83%[93][94]
  7.  Oman 0.66%[75]
  8.  Kuwait 0.60%[95][96]
  9.  UAE 0.57%[97]
  10.  Malaysia 0.44%[98]
    Depiction of early Sikh immigration to Canada (Whitehorse, Yukon). Circa 1906.

Largest populations
  1.  India 21,668,524[8]
  2.  Canada 771,790[9][89]
  3.  United Kingdom 524,000[99]
  4.  United States ~269,986[36]
  5.  Australia 210,397[93][94]
  6.  Italy 150,000[100][101][102]
  7.  Malaysia 120,000[103]
  8.  United Arab Emirates 52,000[104]
  9.  Philippines 50,000[105][106]
  10.  New Zealand 40,908[107]
  11.  Thailand 40,000[108]
  12.  Oman 35,540[75]
  13.  Spain 26,000[109]
  14.  Kuwait 15,000[96][110]
  15.  Germany 15,000[111]
  16.  Hong Kong 15,000[112]
  17.  Cyprus 13,280[37][113]
  18.  Singapore 12,000[114]
  19.  Indonesia 10,000[115]
  20.  Belgium 10,000[116]

Subnational divisions
Sikhs by administrative division
Administrative division 2021[9][42][119][120][lower-alpha 2]
Pop. %
Punjab 16,004,754 57.69%
Haryana 1,243,752 4.91%
Rajasthan 872,930 1.27%
Uttar Pradesh 643,500 0.32%
Delhi 570,581 3.4%
Ontario 300,435 2.14%
British Columbia 290,870 5.92%
Uttarakhand 236,340 2.34%
Jammu and Kashmir 232,585 1.9%
California 232,495 0.59%
Maharashtra 223,247 0.2%
West Midlands 172,398 2.9%
Madhya Pradesh 151,412 0.21%
London 144,543 1.64%
Chandigarh 138,329 13.11%
Alberta 103,600 2.48%
Victoria 91,745 1.41%

Himachal Pradesh

 79,896 1.16%
South East 74,348 0.8%
Jharkhand 71,422 0.22%
Chhattisgarh 70,036 0.27%
West Bengal 63,523 0.07%
Gujarat 58,246 0.1%
East Midlands 53,950 1.11%
New South Wales 47,165 0.58%
New York 44,999 0.22%
Manitoba 35,470 2.71%
Telangana 30,340 0.09%
Karnataka 28,773 0.05%
Washington 28,612 0.37%
Queensland 27,713 0.54%
New Jersey 26,484 0.29%
East 24,284 0.38%
Yorkshire and the Humber 24,034 0.44%
New Zealand Auckland 23,832 1.52%
Bihar 23,779 0.02%
Quebec 23,345 0.28%
Texas 23,044 0.08%
Odisha 21,991 0.05%
Assam 20,672 0.07%
Western Australia 18,583 0.7%
South Australia 17,259 0.97%
Tamil Nadu 14,601 0.02%
North West 11,862 0.16%
Maryland 11,042 0.18%
Andhra Pradesh 9,904 0.02%
Virginia 9,716 0.11%
Pennsylvania 9,529 0.07%
Massachusetts 9,197 0.13%
Michigan 9,127 0.09%
Saskatchewan 9,035 0.82%
Indiana 8,339 0.12%
Illinois 7,771 0.06%
South West 7,465 0.13%
North East 7,206 0.27%
North Carolina 6,929 0.07%
New Zealand Bay of Plenty 4,842 1.57%
Nova Scotia 4,730 0.49%
Missouri 4,589 0.07%
Australian Capital Territory 4,323 0.95%
Kansas 4,200 0.14%
New Zealand Waikato 4,074 0.89%
Kerala 3,814 0.01%
Arunachal Pradesh 3,287 0.24%
Meghalaya 3,045 0.1%
New Zealand Canterbury 2,973 0.5%
Ladakh 2,263 0.83%
Tasmania 2,208 0.4%
Nagaland 1,890 0.1%
Sikkim 1,868 0.31%
New Brunswick 1,780 0.23%
New Zealand Wellington 1,647 0.32%
Manipur 1,527 0.05%
Goa 1,473 0.1%
Northern Territory 1,401 0.6%
New Zealand Hawke's Bay 1,347 0.81%
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1,286 0.34%
Prince Edward Island 1,165 0.77%
Tripura 1,070 0.03%
Newfoundland and Labrador 850 0.17%
New Zealand Otago 510 0.23%
New Zealand Manawatū-Whanganui 447 0.19%
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu 389 0.07%
Yukon 385 0.97%
New Zealand Northland 315 0.18%
Puducherry 297 0.02%
Mizoram 286 0.03%
New Zealand Taranaki 234 0.2%
New Zealand Southland 210 0.22%
New Zealand Gisborne 171 0.36%
New Zealand Marlborough 123 0.26%
Northwest Territories 110 0.27%
New Zealand Nelson 102 0.2%
New Zealand Tasman 51 0.1%
New Zealand West Coast 33 0.1%
Nunavut 10 0.03%
Lakshadweep 8 0.01%

Historical Demographics

The Afghan Sikh population declined from between 200,000 and 500,000 (1.8% to 4.6% of the Afghan population) in the 1970s[123][124][125][126][127] to 45 in 2022 following decades of conflict.

Sikhism by country (2001−2021)
Country 2021 2011 2001 Change (2011-2021) Change (2001-2021)
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % ± +% ± +%
India India[121][128][129][60][130] 20,833,116 1.72% 19,237,391 1.87% 1,595,725 8.29%
Canada Canada[131][132][9] 771,790 2.12% 454,965 1.38% 278,410 0.94% 316,825 69.64% 176,555 63.42%
England England[10][133][134] 520,092 0.92% 420,196 0.79% 327,343 0.63% 99,896 23.77% 92,853 28.37%
United States United States[36][135][136][117] 269,986 0.08% 189,242 0.06% 119,740 0.04% 80,744 42.67% 69,502 58.04%
Australia Australia[120] 210,397 0.83% 72,296 0.34% 17,437 0.09% 138,101 191.02% 54,859 314.61%
New Zealand New Zealand[137][73] 40,908[lower-alpha 3] 0.87% 19,191[lower-alpha 4] 0.45% 5,199 0.14% 21,717 113.16% 13,992 269.13%
Fiji Fiji[138] 2,540[lower-alpha 5] 0.3% 3,067[lower-alpha 6] 0.4% -527 -17.18%

[139][140][60][141][142][131][132][9][133][134][36][120][122][143][lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 8][lower-alpha 9][lower-alpha 10][lower-alpha 11][lower-alpha 12][lower-alpha 13][146][147]

See also

General:

Notes
  1. Total of countries listed above. List last totaled in March 2023.
  2. 2011 census data for India,[121] 2018 census data for New Zealand[122]
  3. 2018 census
  4. 2013 census
  5. 2007 census
  6. 1996 census
  7. According to Singh, there were at least 2 lakh Sikhs and Hindus (in a 60:40 ratio) in Afghanistan until the 1970s.[123]
  8. “If you go through the evidence and data from the 1970s to date, you will be able to see how drastically their population has fallen,” says Ehsan Shayegan, an Afghan researcher with Porsesh Research and Studies Organization studying the minority religions of Kabul. “In the 70s, there were around 700,000 Hindus and Sikhs, and now they are estimated to be less than 7,000,” Shayegan says... “In 1992, they were a 220,000-strong community, just before the start of the civil war in Kabul. It was also around the same time that our problems started,” he says.[124]
  9. An investigation by TOLOnews reveals that the Sikh and Hindu population number was 220,000 in the 1980's. That number dropped sharply to 15,000 when the mujahideen was in power during the 1990's and remained at that level during the Taliban regime. It is now estimated that only 1,350 Hindus and Sikhs remain in the country.[126]
  10. In the late 1980s, there were about 500,000 Sikhs scattered across Afghanistan, many here for generations[127]
  11. “There were over two lakh (200,000) Sikhs just in Kabul in the 1980s,” Mr Singh says. Today, there are about 7,000 Sikhs and Hindus throughout the whole of Afghanistan.[125]
  12. Singh explained 800 of his community families still lived in Kabul, Kandahar, Ghazni, Helmand, Nangarhar, Kunduz and Balkh provinces.[144]
  13. Over the years, Afghan Sikhs and the Hindu population have dwindled from nearly 700,000 in the 1970s to less than a few hundred, today. “We are about 70 to 80 families who are left in all over Afghanistan. It used to be many more, but as of today, we are maybe 400 to 450 adults and about 100 to 200 children. So we are not more than a total of 700,” Sutaka said, trying hard to keep a steady tone.[145]

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