Australian nationalism
Australian nationalism is the ideology, movement and sentiment that emphasizes the identity, culture, and interests of Australia as a nation-state, asserting the identity of Australians as a distinct nation.[1] It encompasses a range of beliefs and values that are often rooted in Australia's history, geography, and socio-political context.[2] Key elements of Australian nationalism include a sense of national pride, attachment to Australian symbols such as the flag and national anthem, and a focus on promoting Australia's sovereignty and independence.[3]
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Historically, Australian nationalism emerged during the late 19th and early 20th centuries as Australia moved towards federation and gained independence from British colonial rule,[1][4] developing itself in three pivotal historical traditions: the labour movement, the republican movement and the native-nationalist movement.[5] It was shaped by factors such as the experiences of early settlers and the desire for a distinct Australian identity separate from British influence.[1][6]
History
Pre-Federation
By the early 19th century, Australia was governed as a series of six largely self-governing colonies that were spread across the continent and were part of the British Empire.[7] Attempts to coordinate governance had failed in the 1860s due to a lack of popular support and lack of interest from the British government, but by the 1880s, and with the rise of nationalist movements in Europe, the efforts to establish a federation of the Australian colonies began to gather momentum. The British government supported federation as a means to cement British influence in the South Pacific.[8]
Post-Federation
Nationalistic sentiments increased as a result of Australia's participation in the First and Second World Wars, with concepts such as "mateship" becoming a cornerstone of Australian nationalism.[9]
Australian nationalist parties
Current
- Liberal Party of Australia (National Right Faction)
- Australia First Party
- Australian Protectionist Party
- Katter's Australian Party
- Pauline Hanson's One Nation
- The Great Australian Party
Defunct
- Advance Australia Party
- Australian Nationalist Party
- Centre Party
- Fraser Anning's Conservative National Party
- Love Australia or Leave
- Nationalist Party
- Reclaim Australia: Reduce Immigration
- Rise Up Australia Party
Australian nationalist movements and groups
Active
- National Socialist Network
- Antipodean Resistance
- Australian League of Rights
- True Blue Crew
- Lads Society
Prominent Australian Nationalists
Historical
- Frank Anstey
- William Baylebridge
- Ben Chifley
- John Gorton
- Rex Ingamells
- William Lane
- Jack Lang
- John Dunmore Lang
- Henry Lawson
- Norman Lindsay
- Alexander Rud Mills
- John Monash
- Ian Mudie
- Banjo Patterson
- Percy Stephenson
- William Wentworth
- Gough Whitlam
Contemporary
See also
- Australian patriotism
- Culture of Australia
- Anzac spirit
- Reclaiming Patriotism
- Federation of Australia
- Foreign relations of Australia
Flags
Flags used by Australian Nationalists
Australian red ensign.svg.png.webp)
Older variations of the Australian flag
Australian federation flag
"The Men From Snowy River" flag used during World War I snowball marches
References
- "Nationalism in Australia". Archived from the original on 1 September 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
- "Surrendering nationalism". Griffith Review. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
- Christopher Scanlon (25 January 2014). "Australia Day: is nationalism really so bad?". The Conversation. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
- John Bradley Hirst (2009). Sense and Nonsense in Australian History. Black Inc. ISBN 9781921825408.
- Pascale, Carmela (2022). History, Territory and Sovereignty: Celebrating Settler Nationalism in South Australia, 1900–1968 (PhD thesis). The University of Adelaide. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
- Crisp, Leslie (1949). The Parliamentary Government of the Commonwealth of Australia. Adelaide: Longmans, Green & Co. Lotd. pp. 2.
- Trainor, Luke (1 January 1994). British Imperialism and Australian Nationalism: Manipulation, Conflict and Compromise in the Late Nineteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. pp. 3–4. ISBN 9780521436045.
- Trainor, Luke (1 January 1994). British Imperialism and Australian Nationalism: Manipulation, Conflict and Compromise in the Late Nineteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. p. 4. ISBN 9780521436045.