Carduelinae

The cardueline finches are a subfamily, Carduelinae, one of three subfamilies of the finch family Fringillidae, the others being the Fringillinae and the Euphoniinae. The Hawaiian honeycreepers are now included in this subfamily.[1] Except for the Hawaiian honeycreepers which underwent adaptive radiation in Hawaii and have evolved a broad range of diets, cardueline finches are specialised seed eaters, and unlike most passerine birds, they feed their young mostly on seeds, which are regurgitated.[2] Besides this, they differ from the other finches in some minor details of their skull.[2] They are adept at opening seeds and clinging to stems, unlike other granivorous birds, such as sparrows and buntings, which feed mostly on fallen seeds.[3] Some members of this subfamily are further specialised to feed on a particular type of seed, such as cones in the case of crossbills.[2] Carduelines forage in flocks throughout the year, rather than keeping territories, and males defend their females rather than a territory or nest.[4]

Carduelinae
male red crossbills
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Fringillidae
Subfamily: Carduelinae
Vigors, 1825
Genera

49, see text

The name Carduelina[e] for the subfamily was introduced by the Irish zoologist Nicholas Aylward Vigors in 1825.[5][6] Carduelinae is derived from the Latin name carduelis and the binomial name Carduelis carduelis for a goldfinch, one of the species in the subfamily.[7]

List of genera

The Carduelinae subfamily contains 186 species divided into 49 genera. Of the 186 species, 15 are now extinct; these are the Bonin grosbeak and 14 Hawaiian honeycreepers.[8]

  • Mycerobas contains four Asian grosbeaks
  • Hesperiphona contains two American grosbeaks, the evening grosbeak and the hooded grosbeak
  • Coccothraustes contains a single species, the hawfinch
  • Eophona contains the two oriental grosbeaks, the Chinese and the Japanese grosbeak
  • Pinicola contains a single species, the pine grosbeak
  • Pyrrhula contains the eight bullfinch species
  • Rhodopechys contains two species, the Asian crimson-winged finch and the African crimson-winged finch
  • Bucanetes contains the trumpeter and the Mongolian finch
  • Agraphospiza contains a single species, Blanford's rosefinch
  • Callacanthis contains a single species, the spectacled finch
  • Pyrrhoplectes contains a single species, the golden-naped finch
  • Procarduelis contains a single species, the dark-breasted rosefinch
  • Leucosticte contains six species of mountain and rosy finches
  • Carpodacus contains the 28 Palearctic rosefinch species
  • Hawaiian honeycreeper group (formerly a separate family, Drepanididae)
    • Melamprosops contains a single extinct species, the poo-uli
    • Paroreomyza contains three species, the Oahu alauahio, the Maui alauahio and the extinct kakawahie
    • Oreomystis contains a single species, the akikiki
    • Telespiza contains two species, the Laysan finch and the Nihoa finch
    • Loxioides contains a single species, the palila
    • Rhodacanthis contains two extinct species, the lesser and the greater koa finch
    • Chloridops contains a single extinct species, the Kona grosbeak
    • Psittirostra contains a single possibly extinct species, the ou
    • Dysmorodrepanis contains a single extinct species, the Lanai hookbill
    • Drepanis contains two extinct species, the Hawaii mamo and the black mamo, and the extant iiwi
    • Ciridops contains a single extinct species, the Ula-ai-hawane
    • Palmeria contains a single species, the akohekohe
    • Himatione contains two species, the apapane and the extinct Laysan honeycreeper
    • Viridonia contains a single extinct species, the greater amakihi
    • Akialoa contains six extinct species
    • Hemignathus contains five species, only one of which is extant, with two being possibly extinct
    • Pseudonestor contains a single species, the Maui parrotbill
    • Magumma contains a single species, the anianiau
    • Loxops contains five species, of which one is extinct and one possibly extinct
    • Chlorodrepanis contains three species, the Hawaii, Oahu and Kauai amakihi
    • Orthiospiza contains a single extinct species, the highland finch
    • Vangulifer contains two extinct species
    • Xestospiza contains two extinct species
  • Haemorhous contains the three North America rosefinches
  • Chloris contains the six greenfinches
  • Rhodospiza contains a single species, the desert finch
  • Rhynchostruthus contains the three golden-winged grosbeaks
  • Linurgus contains a single species, the oriole finch
  • Crithagra contains 37 species of canaries, serins and siskins from Africa and the Arabian Peninsula
  • Linaria contains four species including the twite and three linnets
  • Acanthis contains three redpolls
  • Loxia contains six crossbills
  • Chrysocorythus contains two species, the Indonesian serin and the Mindanao serin
  • Carduelis contains three species including the European goldfinch
  • Serinus contains eight species including the European serin
  • Spinus contains 20 species including the North American goldfinches and the Eurasian siskin

References

  1. Groth, 2001, pp. 552–553
  2. Newton, 1973, p. 31
  3. Groth, 2001, p. 557
  4. Groth, 2001, p. 558
  5. Bock, Walter J. (1994). History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History Issue 222. p. 264. hdl:2246/830.
  6. Vigors, Nicholas Aylward (1825). "Sketches in ornithology". Zoological Journal. 2 (7): 398.
  7. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  8. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Finches, euphonias". World Bird List Version 5.3. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 25 July 2015.

Literature cited

  • Groth, Jeffrey G. (2001). "Finches and Allies". In Elphick, Chris; Dunning, John B. Jr.; Sibley, David Allen (eds.). The Sibley Guide to Bird Life and Behavior. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 552–560. ISBN 978-1-4000-4386-6.
  • Newton, Ian (1973). Finches. The New Naturalist Library 55. New York: Taplinger. ISBN 0-8008-2720-1.
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