Crithagra
Crithagra is a genus of small passerine birds in the finch family (Fringillidae). They live in Africa and Arabia.
Crithagra | |
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Male brimstone canary (Crithagra sulphurata sharpii) | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Fringillidae |
Subfamily: | Carduelinae |
Genus: | Crithagra Swainson, 1827 |
Type species | |
Loxia sulphurata[1] Linnaeus, 1766 | |
Species | |
See text |
The species in this genus were formerly assigned to the genus Serinus, but phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences found that the genus was polyphyletic.[2] It was therefore split into two monophyletic genera. Eight species, including the European serin (Serinus serinus), were retained in Serinus, while the other species were assigned to the resurrected genus Crithagra.[3]
Species
The genus was introduced in 1827 by the English ornithologist William John Swainson.[4] The type species was subsequently designated as the brimstone canary.[5] The name comes from the classical Greek krithē for "barley" and agra for "hunting".[6]
The genus contains 37 species:[3]
Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
---|---|---|---|
![]() | Príncipe seedeater | Crithagra rufobrunnea | São Tomé and Príncipe |
São Tomé grosbeak | Crithagra concolor | São Tomé | |
![]() | African citril | Crithagra citrinelloides | Ethiopia, Eritrea to western Kenya. |
![]() | Western citril | Crithagra frontalis | central Africa |
![]() | Southern citril | Crithagra hyposticta | South Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia and Malawi. |
![]() | Black-faced canary | Crithagra capistrata | Angola, Burundi, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, and Zambia. |
![]() | Papyrus canary | Crithagra koliensis | Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda |
![]() | Forest canary | Crithagra scotops | Cameroon, Congo, and Kenya. |
![]() | White-rumped seedeater | Crithagra leucopygia | Sudan |
![]() | Black-throated canary | Crithagra atrogularis | Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Kenya, Lesotho, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. |
Yellow-rumped seedeater | Crithagra xanthopygia | Eritrea, Kenya and Ethiopia. | |
![]() | Reichenow's seedeater | Crithagra reichenowi | eastern Africa |
![]() | Arabian serin | Crithagra rothschildi | western Saudi Arabia and Yemen |
Yellow-throated seedeater | Crithagra flavigula | Ethiopia. | |
![]() | Salvadori's seedeater | Crithagra xantholaema | Ethiopia. |
![]() | Lemon-breasted canary | Crithagra citrinipectus | Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. |
![]() | Yellow-fronted canary | Crithagra mozambica | Africa south of the Sahara Desert. |
![]() | White-bellied canary | Crithagra dorsostriata | Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. |
Ankober serin | Crithagra ankoberensis | Ethiopia | |
![]() | Yemen serin | Crithagra menachensis | Oman, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen. |
![]() | Cape siskin | Crithagra totta | South Africa. |
![]() | Drakensberg siskin | Crithagra symonsi | South Africa, |
Northern grosbeak-canary | Crithagra donaldsoni | Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia. | |
![]() | Southern grosbeak-canary | Crithagra buchanani | Kenya and Tanzania. |
![]() | Yellow canary | Crithagra flaviventris | southern Africa |
![]() | Brimstone canary | Crithagra sulphurata | central and southern Africa. |
![]() | Stripe-breasted seedeater | Crithagra striatipectus[7] | Sudan, Ethiopia, and Kenya. |
Reichard's seedeater | Crithagra reichardi | Zambia, Malawi and Tanzania | |
![]() | Streaky-headed seedeater | Crithagra gularis | southern Africa. |
West African seedeater | Crithagra canicapilla | Guinea, Sierra Leone, southern Mali and northern Ivory Coast across to southern Niger and northern Cameroon | |
![]() | Black-eared seedeater | Crithagra mennelli | Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. |
![]() | Brown-rumped seedeater | Crithagra tristriata | Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somalia. |
![]() | White-throated canary | Crithagra albogularis | Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, and South Africa. |
![]() | Thick-billed seedeater | Crithagra burtoni | Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. |
![]() | Streaky seedeater | Crithagra striolata | Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. |
Yellow-browed seedeater | Crithagra whytii | Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia. | |
Kipengere seedeater | Crithagra melanochroa | Tanzania | |
![]() | Protea canary | Crithagra leucoptera | South Africa. |
References
- "Fringillidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
- Zuccon, Dario; Prŷs-Jones, Robert; Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Ericson, Per G.P. (2012). "The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 62 (2): 581–596. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.002. PMID 22023825.
- Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Finches, euphonias". World Bird List Version 5.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
- Swainson, William (1827). "On several forms in ornithology not hitherto defined". Zoological Journal. 3: 348.
- Dickinson, E.C.; Christidis, L., eds. (2014). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 2: Passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. 329. ISBN 978-0-9568611-2-2.
- Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 122. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- "Species Updates – IOC World Bird List". Retrieved 2021-06-18.