Political party strength in Nebraska
The following table indicates the party of elected officials in the U.S. state of Nebraska (including its time as a territory):
- Governor
- Lieutenant Governor
- Secretary of State
- Attorney General
- State Auditor of Public Accounts
- State Treasurer
The table also indicates the historical party composition in the:
- State Legislature (technically non-partisan since 1937)
- State delegation to the U.S. Senate
- State delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives (including non-voting delegate)
For years in which a presidential election was held, the table indicates which party's nominees received the state's electoral votes.
Pre-statehood (1853–1866)
Year | Executive offices | Legislature | United States Congress |
---|---|---|---|
Governor | Delegate | ||
1853 | William Walker (I)[lower-alpha 1] | no legislature | Napoleon Bonaparte Giddings (D) |
1854 | Francis Burt (D) | ||
1855 | Mark W. Izard (D) | Territorial legislature | Bird Beers Chapman (D) |
1856 | |||
1857 | Fenner Ferguson (D) | ||
1858 | William Alexander Richardson (D) | ||
1859 | Samuel W. Black (D) | Experience Estabrook (D) | |
1860 | Samuel Gordon Daily (R) | ||
1861 | Alvin Saunders (R) | ||
1862 | |||
1863 | |||
1864 | |||
1865 | Phineas Hitchcock (R) | ||
1866 | |||
Year | Governor | Legislature | Delegate |
Executive offices | United States Congress |
1867–1936
Year | Executive offices | State Legislature | United States Congress | Electoral votes | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Governor | Lieutenant Governor | Secretary of State | Attorney General | Auditor | Treasurer | Senate | House | U.S. Senator (Class I) | U.S. Senator (Class II) | U.S. House | ||
1867 | David Butler (R)[lower-alpha 2] | no such office | Thomas P. Kennard House (R) | Champion S. Chase (R) | John Gillespie (R) | Augustus Kountze (R) | R maj. | R maj. | Thomas Tipton (R) | John Milton Thayer (R) | Turner M. Marquett (R) | |
John Taffe (R) | ||||||||||||
1868 | Grant/ Colfax (R) ![]() | |||||||||||
1869 | Seth Robinson (R) | James Sweet (R) | ||||||||||
1870 | ||||||||||||
1871 | William H. James (R) | George H. Roberts (R) | Henry A. Koenig (R) | Phineas Hitchcock (R) | ||||||||
William H. James (R)[lower-alpha 3] | ||||||||||||
1872 | Grant/ Wilson (R) ![]() | |||||||||||
1873 | Robert Wilkinson Furnas (R) | John J. Gosper (R) | Joseph R. Webster (R) | Jefferson B. Weston (R) | Lorenzo Crounse (R) | |||||||
1874 | ||||||||||||
1875 | Silas Garber (R) | Bruno Tzschuck (R) | George H. Roberts (R) | J. C. McBride (R) | Algernon Paddock (R) | |||||||
1876 | Hayes/ Wheeler (R) ![]() | |||||||||||
1877 | Othman A. Abbott (R) | Alvin Saunders (R) | Frank Welch (R)[lower-alpha 4] | |||||||||
1878 | ||||||||||||
Thomas Jefferson Majors (R) | ||||||||||||
1879 | Albinus Nance (R) | Edmund C. Carns (R) | S. J. Alexander (R) | C. J. Dilworth (R) | F. W. Liedtke (R) | George M. Bartlett (R) | Edward K. Valentine (R) | |||||
1880 | Garfield/ Arthur (R) ![]() | |||||||||||
1881 | John Wallichs (R) | Charles Van Wyck (R) | ||||||||||
1882 | ||||||||||||
1883 | James W. Dawes (R) | Alfred W. Agee (R) | Edward P. Roggen (R) | Isaac Powers, Jr. (R) | Phelps D. Sturdevant (D/A-Mo) |
D/A-Mo maj.[lower-alpha 5] | R maj. | Charles F. Manderson (R) | 3R | |||
1884 | Blaine/ Logan (R) ![]() | |||||||||||
1885 | Hibbard H. Shedd (R) | William Leese (R) | H. A. Babcock (R) | Charles H. Willard (R) | R maj. | R maj. | ||||||
1886 | ||||||||||||
1887 | John Milton Thayer (R)[lower-alpha 6] | Gilbert L. Laws (R)[lower-alpha 7] | Algernon Paddock (R) | 2R, 1D | ||||||||
1888 | Harrison/ Morton (R) ![]() | |||||||||||
1889 | George de Rue Meiklejohn (R) |
Thomas H. Benton (R) | John E. Hill (R) | 3R | ||||||||
1890 | Benjamin R. Cowdery (R)[lower-alpha 8] | |||||||||||
1891 | Thomas Jefferson Majors (R) |
John Clayton Allen (R) | George H. Hastings (R) | Pop maj. | Pop maj. | 2Pop, 1D | ||||||
1892 | James E. Boyd (D)[lower-alpha 6] | Harrison/ Reid (R) ![]() | ||||||||||
1893 | Lorenzo Crounse (R) | Eugene Moore (R) | Joseph S. Bartley (R) | D/Pop maj. | D/Pop maj.[lower-alpha 9] | William V. Allen (Pop) | 3R, 2Pop, 1D | |||||
1894 | ||||||||||||
1895 | Silas A. Holcomb (D/Pop) | Robert E. Moore (D/Pop) | Joel A. Piper (R) | Arthur S. Churchill (R) | R maj. | R maj. | John M. Thurston (R) | 5R, 1Pop | ||||
1896 | 4 – Bryan/ Sewall (D/Sv) ![]() 4 – Bryan/ Watson (Pop) ![]() | |||||||||||
1897 | James E. Harris (D/Pop) | William F. Porter (D/Pop) | Constantine Joseph Smyth (D/Pop) |
John F. Cornell (D/Pop) | John B. Meserve (D/Pop) | D/Pop/SvR maj. | D/Pop/SvR maj.[lower-alpha 10] | 4Pop, 2R | ||||
1898 | ||||||||||||
1899 | William A. Poynter (D/Pop) | Edward A. Gilbert (R) | R maj. | R maj. | Monroe Hayward (R)[lower-alpha 4] | 3Pop, 2R, 1D | ||||||
1900 | William V. Allen (Pop)[lower-alpha 11] | McKinley/ Roosevelt (R) ![]() | ||||||||||
1901 | Charles H. Dietrich (R)[lower-alpha 12] | Ezra P. Savage (R) | George W. Marsh (R) | Frank N. Prout (R) | Charles Weston (R) | William Stuefer (R) | Joseph Millard (R) | 2D, 2Pop, 2R | ||||
Ezra P. Savage (R)[lower-alpha 13] | vacant | Charles H. Dietrich (R) | ||||||||||
1902 | ||||||||||||
1903 | John H. Mickey (R) | Edmund G. McGilton (R) | Peter Mortensen (R) | 5R, 1D | ||||||||
1904 | Roosevelt/ Fairbanks (R) ![]() | |||||||||||
1905 | A. Galusha (R) | Norris Brown (R) | Edward N. Searle Jr. (R) | Elmer Burkett (R) | 6R | |||||||
1906 | ||||||||||||
1907 | George L. Sheldon (R) | Melville R. Hopewell (R)[lower-alpha 4] | George C. Junkin (R) | William T. Thompson (R)[lower-alpha 14] | L. G. Brian (R) | Norris Brown (R) | 5R, 1D | |||||
1908 | Bryan/ Kern (D) ![]() | |||||||||||
1909 | Ashton C. Shallenberger (D) | Silas Reynolds Barton (R) |
D maj. | D maj. | 3D, 3R | |||||||
1910 | Arthur F. Mullen (D)[lower-alpha 8] | |||||||||||
1911 | Chester Hardy Aldrich (R) | Addison Wait (R) | Grant G. Martin (R) | Walter A. George (R) | Gilbert Hitchcock (D) | |||||||
1912 | vacant | Wilson/ Marshall (D) ![]() | ||||||||||
1913 | John H. Morehead (D) | Samuel Roy McKelvie (R) | W. B. Howard (R) | R maj. | D maj. | George W. Norris (R) | ||||||
1914 | ||||||||||||
1915 | James Pearson (D) | Charles W. Pool (D) | Willis E. Reed (D) | William H. Smith (D) | George E. Hall (D) | D maj. | D maj. | |||||
1916 | ||||||||||||
1917 | Keith Neville (D) | Edgar Howard (D) | ||||||||||
1918 | ||||||||||||
1919 | Samuel Roy McKelvie (R) | Pelham A. Barrows (R) | Darius M. Amsberry (R) | Clarence A. Davis (R) | George W. Marsh (R) | Daniel B. Cropsey (R) | R maj. | R maj. | 6R | |||
1920 | Harding/ Coolidge (R) ![]() | |||||||||||
1921 | ||||||||||||
1922 | ||||||||||||
1923 | Charles W. Bryan (D) | Fred Gustus Johnson (R) | Charles W. Pool (D) | Ora S. Spillman (R) | Charles D. Robinson (R) | Robert B. Howell (R)[lower-alpha 4] | 3D, 3R | |||||
1924 | Coolidge/ Dawes (R) ![]() | |||||||||||
1925 | Adam McMullen (R) | George A. Williams (R) | ||||||||||
1926 | ||||||||||||
1927 | Frank Marsh Sr. (R) | L. B. Johnson (R) | W. M. Stebbins (R) | 4D, 2R | ||||||||
1928 | Hoover/ Curtis (R) ![]() | |||||||||||
1929 | Arthur J. Weaver (R) | Christian A. Sorensen (R) | 4R, 2D | |||||||||
1930 | ||||||||||||
1931 | Charles W. Bryan (D) | Theodore W. Metcalfe (R) | George W. Marsh (R) | Truman W. Bass (R) | 4D, 2R | |||||||
1932 | Roosevelt/ Garner (D) ![]() | |||||||||||
1933 | Walter H. Jurgensen (D) | Harry R. Swanson (D) | Paul F. Good (D) | William B. Price (D)[lower-alpha 15] | George E. Hall (D)[lower-alpha 16] | D maj. | D maj. | 5D | ||||
William H. Thompson (D)[lower-alpha 11] | ||||||||||||
1934 | ||||||||||||
Richard C. Hunter (D) | ||||||||||||
1935 | Robert Leroy Cochran (D) | William H. Wright (D) | Edward R. Burke (D) | 4D, 1R | ||||||||
Fred C. Ayres (D)[lower-alpha 8] | ||||||||||||
1936 | George W. Norris (I)[lower-alpha 17] | |||||||||||
H. J. Murray (D)[lower-alpha 8] | ||||||||||||
Year | Governor | Lieutenant Governor | Secretary of State | Attorney General | Auditor | Treasurer | Senate | House | U.S. Senator (Class I) | U.S. Senator (Class II) | U.S. House | Electoral votes |
Executive offices | State Legislature | United States Congress |
1937–present
Year | Executive offices | State Legislature | United States Congress | Electoral votes | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Governor | Lieutenant Governor | Secretary of State | Attorney General | Auditor | Treasurer | U.S. Senator (Class I) | U.S. Senator (Class II) | U.S. House | |||
1937 | Robert Leroy Cochran (D) | Walter H. Jurgensen (D) | Harry R. Swanson (D) | Richard C. Hunter (D) | William H. Price (D) | Walter H. Jensen (D) | 43NP[lower-alpha 18] (22R, 21D) |
Edward R. Burke (D) | George W. Norris (I) | 4D, 1R | |
1938 | |||||||||||
Nate M. Parsons (D) | |||||||||||
1939 | William E. Johnson (R) | Walter R. Johnson (R) | Ray C. Johnson (R) | Truman W. Bass (R)[lower-alpha 19] | 43NP (24R, 19D) |
3R, 2D | |||||
John Havekost (D)[lower-alpha 8] | |||||||||||
1940 | Willkie/ McNary (R) ![]() | ||||||||||
1941 | Dwight Griswold (R) | Frank Marsh Sr. (R)[lower-alpha 20] | L. B. Johnson (R) | 43NP (26R, 17D) |
Hugh A. Butler (R)[lower-alpha 4] | ||||||
1942 | |||||||||||
1943 | Roy W. Johnson (R) | Carl G. Swanson (R)[lower-alpha 21] | 43NP (26R, 13D; 4 not reported) |
Kenneth S. Wherry (R)[lower-alpha 4] | 4R | ||||||
1944 | 43NP (25R, 13D; 5 not reported) |
Dewey/ Bricker (R) ![]() | |||||||||
1945 | 43NP (28R, 7D; 8 not reported) | ||||||||||
1946 | Edward Gillette (R)[lower-alpha 22] | ||||||||||
1947 | Val Peterson (R) | Robert B. Crosby (R) | 43NP (20R, 9D; 14 not reported) | ||||||||
1948 | Dewey/ Warren (R) ![]() | ||||||||||
1949 | Charles J. Warner (R)[lower-alpha 4] | James Hodson Anderson (R)[lower-alpha 23] |
43NP (22R, 5D; 16 not reported) |
3R, 1D | |||||||
1950 | Clarence S. Beck (R)[lower-alpha 22] | 43NP (23R, 5D; 15 not reported) | |||||||||
1951 | James S. Pittenger (R)[lower-alpha 8] | Frank B. Heintze (R) | 43NP (25R, 5D, 1I; 12 not reported) |
4R | |||||||
1952 | Fred A. Seaton (R)[lower-alpha 11] | Eisenhower/ Nixon (R) ![]() | |||||||||
Dwight Griswold (R)[lower-alpha 4] | |||||||||||
1953 | Robert B. Crosby (R) | Frank Marsh (R) | 43NP (26R, 5D, 1I; 11 not reported) | ||||||||
1954 | 43NP (26R, 4D, 1I; 12 not reported) | ||||||||||
Samuel W. Reynolds (R)[lower-alpha 11] | Eva Bowring (R)[lower-alpha 11] | ||||||||||
Roman Hruska (R) | Hazel Abel (R) | ||||||||||
1955 | Victor E. Anderson (R) | Ralph W. Hill (R)[lower-alpha 24] | 43NP (23R, 8D, 2I; 10 not reported) |
Carl Curtis (R) | |||||||
1956 | vacant | ||||||||||
1957 | Dwight W. Burney (R) | 43NP (25R, 13D, 1I; 4 not reported) | |||||||||
1958 | Bertha I. Hill (R)[lower-alpha 8] | ||||||||||
1959 | Ralph G. Brooks (D)[lower-alpha 4] | Richard R. Larsen (D) | 43NP (31R, 9D, 3I) |
2D, 2R | |||||||
1960 | Nixon/ Lodge (R) ![]() | ||||||||||
Dwight W. Burney (R)[lower-alpha 13] | |||||||||||
1961 | Frank B. Morrison (D) | Clarence A. H. Meyer (R) | Clarence L. E. Swanson (R)[lower-alpha 25] | 43NP (26R, 11D, 3I; 3 not reported) |
4R | ||||||
1962 | 43NP (27R, 10D, 3I; 3 not reported) | ||||||||||
1963 | 43NP (29R, 12D, 2I) |
3R | |||||||||
1964 | P. Merle Humphries (R)[lower-alpha 8] | 43NP (28R, 13D, 2I) |
Johnson/ Humphrey (D) ![]() | ||||||||
1965 | Philip C. Sorensen (D) | Fred Sorensen (D) | 49NP[lower-alpha 26] (31R, 12D, 2I; 4 not reported) |
2R, 1D | |||||||
1966 | |||||||||||
1967 | Norbert Tiemann (R) | John E. Everroad (R) | Wayne R. Swanson (R) | 49NP (33R, 12D, 2I; 2 not reported) |
3R | ||||||
1968 | Nixon/ Agnew (R) ![]() | ||||||||||
1969 | 49NP (36R, 11D; 2 not reported) | ||||||||||
1970 | |||||||||||
1971 | J. James Exon (D) | Frank Marsh (R) | Allen J. Beermann (R) | Ray A. C. Johnson (R) | 49NP (36R, 12D, 1I) | ||||||
1972 | |||||||||||
1973 | 49NP (33R, 15D, 1I) | ||||||||||
1974 | |||||||||||
1975 | Gerald T. Whelan (D) | Paul L. Douglas (R)[lower-alpha 23] | Frank Marsh (R)[lower-alpha 23] | ||||||||
1976 | Ford/ Dole (R) ![]() | ||||||||||
1977 | 49NP (30R, 17D, 2I) |
Edward Zorinsky (D)[lower-alpha 4] | 2R, 1D | ||||||||
1978 | 49NP (28R, 19D, 2I) | ||||||||||
1979 | Charles Thone (R) | Roland A. Luedtke (R) | 49NP (25R, 22D, 2I) |
J. James Exon (D) | |||||||
1980 | Reagan/ Bush (R) ![]() | ||||||||||
1981 | Kay A. Orr (R)[lower-alpha 22] | 49NP (30R, 17D, 2I) |
3R | ||||||||
1982 | 49NP (31R, 16D, 2I) | ||||||||||
1983 | Bob Kerrey (D) | Donald McGinley (D) | 49NP (30R, 17D, 2I) | ||||||||
1984 | 49NP (29R, 19D, 1I) | ||||||||||
1985 | Robert M. Spire (R)[lower-alpha 22] | 49NP (26R, 22D, 1I) | |||||||||
1986 | 49NP (25R, 23D, 1I) | ||||||||||
1987 | Kay A. Orr (R) | William E. Nichol (R) | Frank Marsh (R) | 49NP (26R, 22D, 1I) | |||||||
David Karnes (R)[lower-alpha 27] | |||||||||||
1988 | 49NP (27R, 21D, 1I) |
Bush/ Quayle (R) ![]() | |||||||||
1989 | 49NP (28R, 20D, 1I) |
Bob Kerrey (D) | 2R, 1D | ||||||||
1990 | 49NP (29R, 19D, 1I) | ||||||||||
1991 | Ben Nelson (D) | Maxine Moul (D)[lower-alpha 28] | Don Stenberg (R) | John Breslow (D) | Dawn Rockey (D) | 49NP (27R, 21D, 1I) | |||||
1992 | 49NP (26R, 22D, 1I) |
Bush/ Quayle (R) ![]() | |||||||||
1993 | |||||||||||
Kim M. Robak (D)[lower-alpha 22] | |||||||||||
1994 | 49NP (25R, 23D, 1I) | ||||||||||
1995 | Scott Moore (R)[lower-alpha 29] | John Breslow (R)[lower-alpha 30] | Dave Heineman (R)[lower-alpha 31] | 49NP (26R, 22D, 1I) |
3R | ||||||
1996 | Dole/ Kemp (R) ![]() | ||||||||||
1997 | 49NP (27R, 21D, 1I) |
Chuck Hagel (R) | |||||||||
1998 | 49NP (26R, 21D, 2I) | ||||||||||
1999 | Mike Johanns (R)[lower-alpha 32] | David Maurstad (R)[lower-alpha 33] | Kate Witek (R) | 49NP (28R, 19D, 2I) | |||||||
2000 | 49NP (29R, 18D, 2I) |
Bush and Cheney (R) ![]() | |||||||||
2001 | John A. Gale (R)[lower-alpha 22] | 49NP (31R, 16D, 2I) |
Ben Nelson (D) | ||||||||
Dave Heineman (R)[lower-alpha 22] | Lorelee Hunt Byrd (R)[lower-alpha 22][lower-alpha 34] | ||||||||||
2002 | |||||||||||
2003 | Jon Bruning (R) | 49NP (34R, 13D, 2I) | |||||||||
2004 | Ron Ross (R)[lower-alpha 27] | ||||||||||
2005 | Dave Heineman (R)[lower-alpha 35] | Rick Sheehy (R)[lower-alpha 22][lower-alpha 23] | 49NP (32R, 15D, 2I) | ||||||||
2006 | Kate Witek (D)[lower-alpha 36] | ||||||||||
2007 | Mike Foley (R) | Shane Osborn (R) | 49NP (30R, 17D, 2I) | ||||||||
2008 | 4 – McCain/ Palin (R) ![]() 1 – Obama/ Biden (D) ![]() | ||||||||||
2009 | 49NP (31R, 18D) |
Mike Johanns (R) | |||||||||
2010 | 49NP (30R, 19D) | ||||||||||
2011 | Don Stenberg (R) | 49NP (32R, 17D) | |||||||||
2012 | Romney/ Ryan (R) ![]() | ||||||||||
2013 | Lavon Heidemann (R)[lower-alpha 8][lower-alpha 23] | 49NP (29R, 19D, 1I) |
Deb Fischer (R) | ||||||||
2014 | |||||||||||
John E. Nelson (R)[lower-alpha 11] | |||||||||||
2015 | Pete Ricketts (R) | Mike Foley (R) | Doug Peterson (R) | Charlie Janssen (R) | 49NP (34R, 14D, 1I) |
Ben Sasse (R) | 2R, 1D | ||||
2016 | 49NP (35R, 13D, 1I) |
Trump/ Pence (R) ![]() | |||||||||
2017 | 49NP (31R, 16D, 1L, 1I) |
3R | |||||||||
2018 | |||||||||||
2019 | Bob Evnen (R) | John Murante (R)[lower-alpha 38] | 49NP (30R, 18D, 1I) | ||||||||
2020 | 4 – Trump/ Pence (R) ![]() 1 – Biden/ Harris (D) ![]() | ||||||||||
2021 | 49NP (32R, 17D) | ||||||||||
2022 | |||||||||||
2023 | Jim Pillen (R) | Joe Kelly (R) | Mike Hilgers (R) | Mike Foley (R) | Pete Ricketts (R)[lower-alpha 8] | ||||||
Tom Briese (R)[lower-alpha 8] | 49NP (32R, 16D, 1I) | ||||||||||
2024 | |||||||||||
Year | Governor | Lieutenant Governor | Secretary of State | Attorney General | Auditor | Treasurer | State Legislature | U.S. Senator (Class I) | U.S. Senator (Class II) | U.S. House | Electoral votes |
Executive offices | United States Congress |
- Provisional
- Impeached and removed from office for misappropriation of state funds; the impeachment was expunged six years later.
- As state secretary of state, acted as governor for unexpired term.
- Died in office.
- The Coalition elected an Anti-Monopolist as Senate President Pro Tempore.[1]
- James E. Boyd won the 1890 election and was sworn in on January 8, 1891. However, due to a question of his U.S. citizenship and eligibility for the office, he did not take office until February 8, 1892.
- Resigned on November 20, 1889 to take an elected seat in the United States House of Representatives.
- Appointed to fill vacancy.
- A Republican was elected as Senate President Pro Tempore, but the chamber was organized by the coalition of Democrats and Populists.[2]
- A Silver Republican was elected as Senate President Pro Tempore, and the Silver Republicans were in coalition with the Democrats and Populists in organizing both chambers.[3]
- Appointed to fill vacancy; did not seek election.
- Resigned on May 1, 1901 to take an elected seat in the United States Senate.
- As lieutenant governor, acted as governor for unexpired term.
- Resigned in 1910 to take office as Solicitor of the United States Treasury.
- Died in office on August 19, 1935.
- Died in office on December 21, 1936.
- Changed party affiliation from Republican to Independent in 1936.
- Due to a constitutional amendment passed in 1934, effective with the 1936 election, the Nebraska Legislature became a non-partisan unicameral body with 43 elected members.
- Died in office on August 21, 1939.
- Died in office on February 9, 1951.
- Resigned on December 31, 1945.
- Appointed to fill vacancy; subsequently elected.
- Resigned.
- Died in office on July 13, 1958.
- Died in office on April 5, 1964.
- Due to the mandate of "one man, one vote" in Baker v. Carr and Reynolds v. Sims in redistricting, the Legislature expanded to 49 members.
- Appointed to fill vacancy; lost election to a full term.
- Resigned on October 4, 1993 to take office as director of the Nebraska Department of Economic Development.
- Resigned on December 15, 2000 to take a position with Union Pacific Railroad.
- Changed party affiliation from Democratic to Republican in November 1994 after winning reelection as a Democrat.
- Resigned on October 1, 2001 to take office as Lieutenant Governor.
- Resigned on January 20, 2005 to take office as United States Secretary of Agriculture.
- Resigned on October 1, 2001 to take office as director of Federal Emergency Management Agency Region VIII.
- Resigned on January 6, 2004.
- As lieutenant governor, acted as governor for unexpired term and was later elected in his own right.
- Changed party affiliation from Republican to Democratic in August 2006.
- McCain and Palin received the state's two at-large votes and one vote each in the First and Third Congressional Districts while Obama and Biden received one vote in the Second District.
- Resigned on September 18, 2023 to lead the Nebraska Public Employees Retirement Systems.
- Trump and Pence received the state's two at-large votes and one vote each in the First and Third Congressional Districts while Biden and Harris received one vote in the Second District.
References
- "Senate journal of the Legislature of the State of Nebraska. 1883". HathiTrust. p. 14. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
- "Senate journal of the Legislature of the State of Nebraska. 1893". HathiTrust. p. ii, viii–x. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
- "Senate journal of the Legislature of the State of Nebraska. 1897". HathiTrust. p. vi, viii. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
See also
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