to

to

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Tongan.

• (dialectal) ter
• (contraction) t'
• (abbreviation) 2

From Middle English to, from Old English tō, from Proto-Germanic *tō ~ *ta, from Proto-Indo-European *de ~ *do (“to”). Cognate with Scots tae, to (“to”), North Frisian to, tö, tu (“to”), Saterland Frisian tou (“to”), Low German to (“to”), Dutch toe (“to”), German zu (“to”), West Frisian ta (“to”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian ndaj (“towards”), Irish do (“to, for”), Breton da (“to, for”), Welsh i (“to, for”), Russian до (do, “to”). Doublet of too.

Stressed

• (UK) IPA^(key): /tuː/, [tʰu̟ː], enPR: to͞o

• Audio (Southern England)

  (file)

• (US) IPA^(key): /tu/, [tʰu̟], enPR: to͞o

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA^(key): /tʉː/, [tʰʉː]
• Rhymes: -uː
• Homophones: too, two

Unstressed

• (before a consonant) IPA^(key): /tə/

• Audio (Southern England)

  (file)

  • (US, after a vowel) IPA^(key): [ɾə]
• (before a vowel) IPA^(key): /tʊ/
  • (US, after a vowel) IPA^(key): [ɾʊ]

to

1. A particle used for marking the following verb as an infinitive.

   I want to leave.

   He asked me what to do.

   I have places to go and people to see.

   To err is human.

   Who am I to criticise? I've done worse things myself.

   • 1709, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Criticism, London: […] W. Lewis […], published 1711, →OCLC:

     To err, is human; to forgive, divine.

   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

     To be, or not to be: that is the question: / […]

   • 2010 July, Associated Press, headline :

     Odds are, BP to get new CEO this year

   • 2011 April 10, Alistair Magowan, “Aston Villa 1 - 0 Newcastle”, in BBC Sport‎:

     To that end, the home supporters were in good voice to begin with, but it was Newcastle who started the game in the ascendancy, with Barton putting a diving header over the top from Jose Enrique's cross.

2. As above, with the verb implied.

   "Did you visit the museum?" "I wanted to, but it was closed."

   If he hasn't read it yet, he ought to.

3. Used to indicate an obligation on the part of, or a directive given to, the subject.

   You are to go to the store and buy a bottle of milk.

4. (expressing purpose) In order to.

   I went to the shops to buy some bread.

to

1. Indicating destination: In the direction of, so as to arrive at.

   We are walking to the shop.

   • 2013 September 28, Kenan Malik, “London Is Special, but Not That Special”, in New York Times, retrieved 28 September 2013:

     Driven by a perceived political need to adopt a hard-line stance, Mr. Cameron’s coalition government has imposed myriad new restrictions, the aim of which is to reduce net migration to Britain to below 100,000.

2. Used to indicate the target or recipient of an action.

   I gave the book to him.

   I spoke to him earlier.

   He devoted himself to education.

   They drank to his health.

3. Used to indicate result of action.

   His face was beaten to a pulp.

4. Used to indicate a resulting feeling or emotion.

   To everyone's great relief, the tuneless carol singers finally ceased their warbling.

5. Used after an adjective to indicate its application.

   similar to ..., relevant to ..., pertinent to ..., I was nice to him, he was cruel to her, I am used to walking.

6. Denotes the end of a range.

   It takes 2 to 4 weeks to process typical applications.

7. (obsolete) As a.

   With God to friend (with God as a friend);   with The Devil to fiend (with the Devil as a foe);   lambs slaughtered to lake (lambs slaughtered as a sacrifice);   took her to wife (took her as a wife);   was sold to slave (was sold as a slave).

8. Used to indicate a ratio or comparison; compared to, as against.

   one to one = 1:1

   ten to one = 10:1.

   I have ten dollars to your four.

   • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene iii:

     The hoſt of Xerxes, which by fame is ſaid
     To drinke the mightie Parthian Araris,
     Was but a handfull to that we will haue.

   • 2012 April 22, Sam Sheringham, “Liverpool 0-1 West Brom”, in BBC Sport‎:

     In total, the Reds had 28 shots to their opponent's nine, and 15 corners to the Baggies' three.

9. (arithmetic) Used to indicate that the preceding term is to be raised to the power of the following value; indicates exponentiation.

   Three squared or three to the second power is nine.

   Three to the power of two is nine.

   Three to the second is nine.

10. (time) Preceding the next hour.

    What's the time? – It's quarter to four in the afternoon (or 3:45 pm).

    Antonym: past

    1. (informal) Often used without the hour

       It’s quarter to (3:45, or 4:45, or whatever time ending in 45 would make the most sense)

11. Used to describe what something consists of or contains.

    Anyone could do this job; there's nothing to it.

    There's a lot of sense to what he says.

    The name has a nice ring to it.

12. According to.

    Our holiday did not go to plan.

13. (Canada, Cornwall (UK), Newfoundland, Wales, West Midlands (UK)) At.

    Stay where you're to and I'll come find you, b'y.

    Where are you to?

In the sense of "as a", it is a fossil word (Standard English only), found usually only in obsolete set phrases like: "to take a woman to wife", "to have someone to friend", "to have something to birthright" etc. In northern dialects, where it is rare but still in common use, it is often used in combination with with.

• at

to (not comparable)

1. (regionalism) Toward a closed, touching or engaging position.

   Please push the door to.

   • 1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, “chapter 12”, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:

     He went in his room, pushed the door to, without fastening the latch.

2. (nautical) Into the wind.
3. Misspelling of too.

The sense "toward a closed, touching or engaging position" is a regionalism found in various parts of the UK and US.

• (toward a closed, touching or engaging position): closed, shut

• (toward a closed, touching or engaging position): open, ajar

• come to
• heave to
• lean-to
• set-to
• to and fro

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:to.

• Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Spatial particles of orientation", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8

• OT, ot-

to

1. sago (tree)

From Latin tuus.

to (epicene, plural tos)

1. your

• tuyu

to

1. water

• Sharon Hargus, Wisuwit’en Grammar: Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology (2007), page 43

to

1. water

• Naoyoshi Ogawa, English-Favorlang vocabulary (2003)
• S. Tsuchida, A Comparative Vocabulary of Austronesian Languages of Sinicized Ethnic Groups in Taiwan, Part I: Western Taiwan, Memoirs of the Faculty of Letters, No. 7 (1982)

From Proto-Bahnaric *tɔʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *tɔʔ. Cognates include Vietnamese đó, Khmer ដ៏ (dɑɑ).

• IPA^(key): /tɔː/

to

1. that, there

to

1. stiff porridge

First attested 1575, borrowed from Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos)[1].

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈtɔ/

to m (plural tons)

1. (music) tone (specific pitch)
2. (linguistics) tone (pitch of a word)
3. tone or shade of a color

• entonar
• semitò

• “to” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “to” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “to” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Inherited from Old Czech to.

• IPA^(key): [ˈto]

• audio

  (file)

to n

1. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of ten: it, this, that

• to in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• to in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

From Latin tuus. Compare Italian tuo, Romanian tău, Friulian to, French ton, Spanish tu.

to m (feminine toa)

1. your; second-person masculine singular possessive pronoun

• mi
• nuester
• vestro

From Old Norse tveir, from Proto-Germanic *twai, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”).

The modern Danish form is a merger of the original East Old Norse accusative masculine twā and the nominative/accusative feminine twāʀ (West tvær). The neuter tū (West tvau) is preserved in the adverb itu.

• IPA^(key): [ˈtˢoˀ]

to

1. two

From Old Norse þvá (“wash”), from Proto-Germanic *þwahaną.

• IPA^(key): [ˈtˢoˀ]

to (imperative to, infinitive at to, present tense tor, past tense toede, perfect tense har toet)

1. (dated) wash

• Audio

  (file)

• IPA^(key): [to]
• Hyphenation: to

to (accusative singular to-on, plural to-oj, accusative plural to-ojn)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter T.

• (Latin-script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo

to

1. antelope
2. (anatomy) ear
3. father-in-law
4. mortar
5. mountain

to

1. to crush
2. to pound

Abbreviation of torstai ("Thursday").

• IPA^(key): /ˈto/, [ˈt̪o̞]
• Rhymes: -o
• Syllabification^(key): to

to

1. Thu (abbreviation of Thursday)

From Latin tuus.

to (second-person singular possessive of masculine singular, of feminine singular tô, of masculine plural tiei, of feminine plural tôs)

1. (used attributively) your, thy; of yours, of thine

   che al sedi santifiât il to nom, che al vegni il to ream, — "Your kingdom come, your will be done," (third and fourth sentences of Lord's Prayer)

2. (used predicatively) yours, thine
3. (used substantively) yours, thine; the thing belonging to you/ thee

• lôr
• gno
• nestri
• so
• vuestri

to

1. in, at, to

• Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.

• IPA^(key): [ˈtɔː]

to

1. interjection used to call dogs or cattle
   • 1820, B. A. Fandiño, El Heráclito Español y Demócrito Gallego:

     Meu señor santo Tomé,
     tendes dous nomes nun só,
     sodes castrón polo mé,
     é sodes cán polo tó.

     My good sir Santo Tomé:
     You have two names in just one,
     You are a ram with the "mé"
     And a dog with the "tó"

• “to” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
• “to” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “to” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

to

1. feminine definite article

   Mutu to ― The woman

• le

to

1. language

• Mary E. Kropp Dakubu, The Languages of Ghana

Cognates include Fon tò, Saxwe Gbe otò, Adja eto

• òtò, otò

• IPA^(key): /tò/

tò (plural tò lɛ́ or tò lẹ́)

1. city, village, town, country

   Ùn ná yì ná tò cé / N ná yì ná tò ṣié ― I will go to my country

Cognates include Fon tò

• IPA^(key): /tò/

tò

1. A present progressive or habitual tense marker, only used before nouns.

   Nyɛ́ tò hàn jì / Yẹ́n tò hàn jì ― I am singing

   Synonyms: nɔ̀, nọ̀

• IPA^(key): /tò/

tò

1. in, at

Cognates include Fon tò, Adja tò. Compare Yoruba tò, Ifè tò

• IPA^(key): /tò/

tò

1. to arrange, manage, organise

Òtó ɖòkpó / Òtó dòpó

From Proto-Gbe *-tó. Cognates include Fon tó, Saxwe Gbe otó, Adja eto, Ewe eto

• òtó, otó

• IPA^(key): /tó/

tó (plural tó lɛ́ or tó lẹ́)

1. ear

• IPA^(key): /to(ː)/

to

1. a body of water, such as a lake or ocean

• The Phonology of the Hupa Language, part 1: The Individual Sounds, volume 5, by Roland Burrage Dixon, Samuel Alfred Barrett, Washington Matthews, Bill Ray (using the older orthography "tō")
• Victor Golla, Hupa Language Dictionary Second Edition (1996), page 105 (to)

to

1. Alternative form of ito (“that”)

to

1. eye

• Čestmír Loukotka, ‎Johannes Wilbert (editor), Classification of South American Indian Languages (1968, Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, University of California), page(s) 162

to

1. Rōmaji transcription of と
2. Rōmaji transcription of ト

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *to.

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɔ/
• Syllabification: to

to

1. relative and interrogative pronoun; this, that

• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “to”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi, volume 2, page 1139

to

1. or

• tū

to

1. water

• Franz Boas, Pline Early Goddard, Vocabulary of an Athapascan dialect of the State of Washington, IJAL volume III, pages 39-45 (1924-1925)

• IPA^(key): /tɔ/

to

1. to make something go up

• Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎, Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

to

1. that; accusative singular masculine of tas
2. with that; instrumental singular masculine of tas
3. of that; genitive plural masculine of tas
4. that; accusative singular feminine of tas
5. with that; instrumental singular feminine of tas
6. of that; genitive plural feminine of tas

to

1. that; genitive singular masculine of tas

From French tu (“you”).

• IPA^(key): /to/

to (second person informal singular, objective twa, possessive tô)

1. you (singular), thou

   To té paʼlé gra. / To te pale gra.

   You spoke with an accent. (literally: "You had spoken thick.")

• mo
• li
• nou, no, nouzòt
• vouzòt, ouzòt, zòt, zo
• yé

• t'

• IPA^(key): [tɔ]

to n

1. this

to

1. nominative neuter singular of ten
2. accusative neuter singular of ten

From French tu.

to (objective twa, formal ou)

1. you (second-person singular nominative personal pronoun)

From Old English tā, tāhe, from Proto-West Germanic *taihā, from Proto-Germanic *taihwǭ (“toe”).

• toe, towe, two, tho, teie; ta (northern); toa (early)

• IPA^(key): /tɔː/
• (Northern) IPA^(key): /taː/

to (plural tos or ton)

1. (anatomy) toe

• mistelto

• English: toe
• Scots: tae
• Yola: toan (plural)

• “tō, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

From Old English tō, ta, te, from Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta.

• IPA^(key): /toː/
• (unstressed) IPA^(key): /tu/, /tɔ/

to

1. to (infinitive marker)

• ta, ti, tu, tho, thu; te (early); t (prevocalic)

• English: to
• Scots: tae

• “tọ̄̆, verbal part.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

to

1. to

• ta, ti, tu, tho, thu; te (early); t (prevocalic)

• English: to
• Scots: tae
• Yola: ta, to, t'

• “tọ̄̆, prep.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

to

1. to

• two

• English: to
• Scots: tae

• “tọ̄, adv.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

to

1. too

• two; ta (northern West Midlands)

• English: too
• Scots: tae
• Yola: too

• “tọ̄, adv.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

to

1. until
2. while
3. so that

• “tọ̄̆, conj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Shortening of tone.

to

1. the one (of two)

• two; ta (northern)

to

1. Alternative form of tó:

From Old Norse tvá, accusative case of tveir, from Proto-Germanic *twai, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

• IPA^(key): /tuː/

to

1. two

• “to” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

• (two): tvo, tvei, tvaug, tvau, tvær, tver, tu, tvu (non-standard or Høgnorsk gender-depending)

• IPA^(key): /tuː/

From Old Norse tvá, accusative case of tveir, from Proto-Germanic *twai, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

to

1. two

• toar
• todelt
• todimensjonal
• tospråkleg
• toåring

From Old Norse tó n.

to n (definite singular toet, indefinite plural to, definite plural toa)

1. fabric
2. (figuratively, by extension) ability, nature

From Old Norse tó f.

to f (definite singular toa, indefinite plural tør, definite plural tørne)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

• “to” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

• ot

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *to.

to

1. relative and interrogative pronoun; this, that

• Czech: to

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “to”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

From Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do (“to”). Cognate with Old Saxon tō (“to”), Old High German zuo (“to”), Old Irish do.

• IPA^(key): /toː/

tō

1. to, into
2. at
3. (grammar) used to mark the infinitive (supine) of the verb

   tō drīfenne ― to drive

4. as

   ic wyrce tō īsensmiðe ― I work as an ironsmith

   þā nam ic hīe tō wīfe ― then I took her as a wife

   tō bōte ― to boot (literally: as an improvement, thus in addition)

tō

1. besides
2. in addition, also, too; moreover
3. to an excessive degree; too

• Middle English: to
  • English: to, too
  • Scots: tae

to

1. Alternative form of zuo

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *to.

• IPA^(key):

• (10^th-15^th CE) /tɔ/
• (15^th CE) /tɔ/

to

1. intensifying particle

to

1. relative and interrogative pronoun; this, that
2. possessive pronoun
3. indeterminate pronoun; this, that
4. introduction pronoun; this

to

1. then (in that case, used in if constructions)
2. clarifies a statement; namely
3. resultative conjunction; so
4. secondary clause equivalent in superordinate clauses

• Polish: to
• Silesian: to

• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “to”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Proto-Germanic *tō, whence also Old English tō and Old High German zuo

tō

1. to

• Middle Low German: tô
  • Low German: to
• ⇒ Old Saxon: tōtō, tōte
  • Middle Low German: tôte, tote, tôt, tot

Inherited from Old Polish to.

• IPA^(key): /tɔ/

• Audio 1

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• Audio 2

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• Audio 3

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• Audio 4

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• Rhymes: -ɔ
• Syllabification: to

to

1. used to attribute to the known object a characteristic that helps one know more about the topic; may also be followed by jest [+nominative]

   Janek to mój brat. ― Janek is my brother.

   Górnicy to jest takie specyficzne społeczeństwo. ― Miners are such a peculiar society.

2. used to juxtapose elements that are equivalent

   Chcieć to móc. ― Where there's a will there's a way. (literally, “To want is to be able to.”)

   Ciekawość to pierwszy stopień do piekła. ― Curiosity killed the cat. (literally, “Curiosity is the first step to hell.”)

3. used to indicate that the subject of the conversation has peculiarities which are familiar to the interlocutors, so that nothing else needs to be said about it in order to understand the topic

   Nasze straty są minimalne, ale bez śmierci się nie obejdzie. Wojna to wojna. ― Our losses are minimal but some casualties are inevitable. War is war.

   No, ale rozkaz to rozkaz. Nie mnie podważać. ― Well, but an order is an order. Not for me to question.

4. in that case, then (used in if-constructions)

   „Wiem, co chcę zrobić.” „To zrób”. ― "I know what I want to do." "Then do it."

   Jeśli to zrobisz, to daj mi znać. ― If you do this, then let me know.

   „Jeżeli zbuduję sobie kiedyś własny dom, to właśnie taki” – myślałam. ― "If I build my own house one day, this is the one," I thought.

to

1. used to indicate what one is talking about

   Parę razy mi się udało. Z jedną to nawet bardzo. ― I have succeeded a couple of times. With one it was even very successful.

2. used to indicate what can be said about the topic, in contrast to all that cannot be said about it

   W tych ścianach to ona była królową i musiała mieć królewskie wejście. ― Within these walls, it was her who was the queen and had to have a royal entrance.

3. so (used after a pause for thought to introduce a new topic, question, or story, or a new thought or question in continuation of an existing topic)

   Synonym: a

   No to kiedy zaczynamy? ― So when are we starting?

   OK, to do zobaczenia. ― OK, see you then.

4. used to indicate that the topic in the relevant question refers to a known set of elements from which a choice has to be made

   Synonym: też

   Od kiedy to morderstwo jest takim ewenementem? ― Since when is murder such a rarity?

   Komu to przypadło dzisiaj kucharzowanie? ― Who is cooking today?

5. used to express surprise that something is indeed like that as the speaker did not think it could really be so

   Synonyms: ale, co za, jaki

   A to zdolniacha z wuja! ― Uncle really is gifted!

   No, tośmy wczoraj mieli niezły bal! ― Well, we had quite a party yesterday!

6. (literary) used to indicate that the topic refers to a known object, mentioned in the preceding statement

   O Czechosłowacji po roku 1968 dochodziły do nas ponure wiadomości, dlatego to starałem się przejechać ten kraj jak najszybciej mimo zmęczenia. ― There was grim news about Czechoslovakia after 1968, which is why I tried to cross the country as quickly as possible despite my fatigue.

7. (colloquial) used to indicate that what someone has said about the topic is a fait accompli and should no longer be discussed

   Spróbuj zaakceptować jego wady. Nikt nie jest kryształowy. Pali to pali, widziały gały co brały. ― Try to accept his flaws. No one is perfect. OK, he smokes, so what? Big deal, you should've thought about it earlier.