2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution

The federal electoral redistribution of 2022 is a redistribution of electoral districts ("ridings") in Canada following the results of the 2021 Canadian census. The Constitution of Canada requires that federal electoral districts which compose the House of Commons undergo a redistribution of boundaries following each decennial Canadian census.[1] The redistribution process began in October 2021; it is expected to be completed in September 2023. It is based on data obtained during the 2021 Canadian census.[2]

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The changes to federal electoral district boundaries may take effect at the earliest in 2024.[3] If the next federal election occurs before the new electoral boundaries have been established, it will occur with the current electoral district boundaries, which have been in effect since the 2015 federal election was called on August 4, 2015.[4][5]

The redistribution formula for federal electoral districts which compose the House of Commons is set out in Section 51 of the Constitution Act, 1867.[6] The formula in Section 51 was amended to its current form in 2022 by the Preserving Provincial Representation in the House of Commons Act. Section 52 permits additional seats to be added to the House of Commons provided proportionate representation between the provinces is maintained.[6]

Under the Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act, to redistribute the electoral boundaries within each province, ten independent electoral boundary commissions will be established, one for each province. The commissions are composed of three members, one appointed by the chief justice of each province, and two members appointed by the speaker of the House of Commons.[7][8] Nunavut, the Northwest Territories and the Yukon do not require commissions as each territory is allotted only a single member of the House of Commons, resulting in the entirety of the each territory being a single electoral district.[1][9]

Initial allocation of seats

The initial allocation of seats to the provinces and territories was based on rules in the Constitution of Canada established in 2012 by the Fair Representation Act as well as estimates of the Canadian population on July 1, 2021 made by Statistics Canada.[2] The chief electoral officer announced the allocation of seats on 15 October 2021.[3]

Allocation of seats in the House of Commons under the Fair Representation Act
Province or territory 2012 redistribution Initial 2022 seat allocation[3] Change
 Ontario 121 122 1 Increase
 Quebec 78 77 1 Decrease
 British Columbia 42 43 1 Increase
 Alberta 34 37 3 Increase
 Manitoba 14 14 Steady
 Saskatchewan 14 14 Steady
 Nova Scotia 11 11 Steady
 New Brunswick 10 10 Steady
 Newfoundland and Labrador 7 7 Steady
 Prince Edward Island 4 4 Steady
 Northwest Territories 1 1 Steady
 Nunavut 1 1 Steady
 Yukon 1 1 Steady
 Canada 338 342 4 Increase

Passage of the Preserving Provincial Representation in the House of Commons Act
Main article: Preserving Provincial Representation in the House of Commons Act

Notwithstanding the chief electoral officer's announcement, Parliament retained certain powers to amend the Constitution Act, 1867 and thus the redistricting process.[10] Such a change occurred during the 2012 redistribution.[9] Amendments affecting proportionate representation between the provinces, however, required support of seven provinces representing at least 50% of the population of Canada.[10]

Several days after the chief electoral officer's announcement of the allocation, Quebec provincial Minister of Justice Sonia LeBel said that Quebec's "special status" as Canada's "only francophone province" meant that the province must not lose any seats.[11][12] LeBel said the province represents one of the "founding peoples of Canada" saying that represents much more than "a simple calculation of population".[12] In November 2021, both the Premier of Quebec François Legault and the opposition Bloc Québécois also called for Quebec to maintain its current number of seats of 78.[13][14]

The same month, The Toronto Star editorial board called for further seats to be added in Ontario, British Columbia and Alberta, to provide fair representation for voters in those provinces.[15] It also said calls to institute a minimum threshold of seats for Quebec should be rejected.[15] The Globe and Mail's editorial board also called on Parliament to add additional seats to ensure the principle of "one person, one vote" would be realized.[16]

On February 8, 2022, BQ Shadow Minister Martin Champoux introduced a private member's bill entitled An Act to amend the Constitution Act, 1867 (representation in the House of Commons).[17] The bill proposed that Quebec would be guaranteed never to be allotted less than 25% of the seats in the House. This had previously been a provision in the failed 1992 Charlottetown Accord. The bill was defeated at second reading on June 8, 2022 by a vote of 51-264, with the BQ and NDP voting for the bill, and the Liberals and Conservatives voting against the bill.[18]

On March 2, 2022, the House of Commons called for the rules for apportioning seats to be amended in a non-binding motion.[19][20][21] The motion was introduced by the Bloc to avoid Quebec losing a seat in the House of Commons.[22] Following the vote, a government announced it would reject any scenario where Quebec loses a seat and would be working on a way to the current number of Quebec seats will be maintained.[20] Following the announcement, Conservative MP Michelle Rempel Garner said that the decision could contribute to western alienation and raised new questions about Canada's electoral system.[23] She said Conservatives should consider advocating for the adoption of proportional representation.[22][23]

On March 24, 2022, the government tabled legislation to prevent Quebec (or any other province) from losing any seats relative to the number of seats it was apportioned in 2012 Canadian federal electoral redistribution.[24][25] Bill C-14 amended Rule 2 of subsection 51(1) of the Constitution Act, 1867, commonly known as the "Grandfather Clause".[26][27] The Bill passed the House of Commons on June 15, 2022,[28] passed the Senate on June 21, 2022,[29] and received royal assent on June 23, 2022.[30]

The chief electoral officer announced the new allocation of seats under the Preserving Provincial Representation in the House of Commons Act on 8 July 2022.[31]

Allocation of seats in the House of Commons under the Preserving Provincial Representation in the House of Commons Act
Province or territory 2012 redistribution 2022 seat allocation Average population
per electoral district		 Change
 Ontario 121 122 116,590 1 Increase
 Quebec 78 78 108,998 Steady
 British Columbia 42 43 116,300 1 Increase
 Alberta 34 37 115,206 3 Increase
 Manitoba 14 14 95,868 Steady
 Saskatchewan 14 14 80,893 Steady
 Nova Scotia 11 11 88,126 Steady
 New Brunswick 10 10 77,561 Steady
 Newfoundland and Labrador 7 7 72,935 Steady
 Prince Edward Island 4 4 38,583 Steady
 Northwest Territories 1 1 41,070 Steady
 Nunavut 1 1 36,858 Steady
 Yukon 1 1 40,232 Steady
 Canada 338 343 107,848 5 Increase

Initial proposals

Alberta

On June 10, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Alberta released their initial proposal, proposing the following ridings:[32]

British Columbia

On May 2, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for British Columbia released their initial proposal, proposing the following ridings:[33]

Manitoba

On June 16, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Manitoba released their initial proposal, proposing the following ridings:[35]

New Brunswick

On June 16, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for New Brunswick released their initial proposal, proposing the following ridings:[36]

Newfoundland and Labrador

On June 28, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Newfoundland and Labrador released their initial proposal, proposing the following ridings:[37]

Nova Scotia

On April 27, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Nova Scotia released their initial proposal, proposing the following ridings:[38]

Ontario

On August 19, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Ontario released their initial proposal, proposing the following ridings:[39]

Prince Edward Island

On May 2, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Prince Edward Island released their initial proposal, proposing the following ridings:[40]

  • Cardigan: Loses all of its territory in North Shore and the North Shore Fire District, plus everything west of Highway 6 between them to Malpeque.
  • Charlottetown: No boundary changes proposed.
  • Egmont: Gains the Bedeque area plus some areas east and southeast of Summerside from Malpeque.
  • Malpeque: Gains the remainder of North Shore and the North Shore Fire District, plus everything west of Highway 6 between them from Cardigan; Loses the Bedeque area plus some areas east and southeast of Summerside from Malpeque.

Quebec

On July 29, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Quebec released their initial proposal, proposing the following ridings:[41]

Saskatchewan

On May 9, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Saskatchewan released their initial proposal, proposing the following ridings:[42]

Public hearings

The publication of the initial proposals by each of the Boundary Commissions was followed by 150 virtual and in person public hearings.

Province Publication of initial proposal Public Hearings No. of public hearings Publication of final report[lower-alpha 1]
Newfoundland and Labrador June 28, 2022 August 15, 2022 – September 16, 2022[43] 15[43] December 7, 2022
Prince Edward Island May 2, 2022 June 7, 2022 – June 9, 2022[44] 3[44] November 29, 2022
Nova Scotia April 27, 2022 May 30, 2022 – June 27, 2022[45] 9[45] November 17, 2022
New Brunswick June 16, 2022 September 7, 2022 – September 29, 2022 [46] 9[lower-alpha 2][46] November 30, 2022
Quebec July 29, 2022 September 6, 2022 – October 13, 2022[47] 20[lower-alpha 3][47] February 1, 2023
Ontario August 19, 2022 September 26, 2022 – November 8, 2022[48] 23[48] February 10, 2023
Manitoba June 16, 2022 September 7, 2022 – September 22, 2022[49] 4[lower-alpha 4][49] December 6, 2022
Saskatchewan May 9, 2022 June 20, 2022 – July 14, 2022[50] 15[50] December 6, 2022
Alberta June 10, 2022 September 6, 2022 – October 14, 2022[51] 25[51] February 2, 2023
British Columbia May 2, 2022 June 6, 2022 – September 29, 2022[52] 27[52] February 8, 2023

Final report

Alberta

On February 2, 2023, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Alberta released their final report, submitting to the House of Commons the following ridings:[53]

British Columbia

On February 8, 2023, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for British Columbia released their final report, submitting to the House of Commons the following ridings:[54]

New Brunswick

On November 30, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for New Brunswick released their final report, submitting to the House of Commons the following ridings:[55]

Newfoundland and Labrador

On December 7, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Newfoundland and Labrador released their final report, submitting to the House of Commons the following ridings:[56]

Nova Scotia

On November 17, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Nova Scotia released their final report, submitting to the House of Commons the following ridings:[57]

Ontario

On February 10, 2023, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Ontario released their final report, submitting to the House of Commons the following ridings:[58]

Prince Edward Island

On November 29, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Prince Edward Island released their final report, submitting to the House of Commons the following ridings:[59] The map is nearly identical to the commission's initial proposal, save for a small part of what had been the North Shore Fire District located west of Highway 25 and north of Highway 2 being transferred to Charlottetown. This area was annexed into the City of Charlottetown in June 2022.[60]

  • Cardigan: Loses all of its territory in North Shore and the North Shore Fire District, plus everything west of Highway 6 between them to Malpeque.
  • Charlottetown: Gains newly annexed territory by the City of Charlottetown in the Marshfield area from Malpeque.
  • Egmont: Gains the Bedeque area plus some areas east and southeast of Summerside from Malpeque.
  • Malpeque: Gains the remainder of North Shore and the North Shore Fire District, plus everything west of Highway 6 between them from Cardigan; Loses the Bedeque area plus some areas east and southeast of Summerside from Malpeque. Loses newly annexed territory by the City of Charlottetown in the Marshfield area to Charlottetown.

Quebec

On February 1, 2023, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Quebec released their final report, submitting to the House of Commons the following ridings:[61]

Manitoba

On December 6, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Manitoba released their final report, submitting to the House of Commons the following ridings:[62]

Saskatchewan

On December 6, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Saskatchewan released their final report, submitting to the House of Commons the following ridings:[63]

  • Battlefords—Lloydminster—Meadow Lake: Replaces Battlefords—Lloydminster. Gains the Beaver Lake, Spiritwood, Meadow Lake, Loon Lake and the remainder of the Medstead Rural Municipalities, including enclosed Indian Reserves, Villages and the City of Meadow Lake from Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River. Loses the Rural Municipalities of Eye Hill, Grass Lake, Tramping Lake, Reford, Rosemount, Heart's Hill, Progress, Mariposa, Grandview, Antelope Park, Prairiedale, Oakdale, Winslow and all enclosed towns and villages in those RMs to Swift Current—Grasslands—Kindersley.
  • Carlton Trail—Eagle Creek: Gains the Rural Municipalities of St. Louis, Invergordon, and Flett's Springs, including the One Arrow 95 Indian Reserve, and the villages of St. Louis and Beatty from Prince Albert; Gains the Rural Municipality of Lake Lenore and the Town of St. Brieux from Yorkton—Melville; Gains the Humboldt Lake area, the Rural Municipality of Blucher, and the municipalities of Allan, Bradwell and Clavet from Moose Jaw—Lake Centre—Lanigan; Gains the remainder of the Rural Municipality of Corman Park in the riding of Saskatoon—Grasswood; Loses the Rural Municipalities of Biggar, Perdue, Mountain View, Marriott, Harris, Montrose, Pleasant Valley, St. Andrews, Milden and Fertile Valley, including all enclosed towns and villages to Swift Current—Grasslands—Kindersley. Loses newly annexed territory by the City of Saskatoon to Saskatoon West, but also gains all of Saskatoon West not in the City of Saskatoon.
  • Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River: Loses the Beaver Lake, Spiritwood, Meadow Lake, Loon Lake and the remainder of the Medstead Rural Municipalities, including enclosed Indian Reserves, Villages and the City of Meadow Lake to Battlefords—Lloydminster—Meadow Lake; Loses the Rural Municipalities of Big River, Canwood, Lakeland, plus Prince Albert National Park, and the remainder of the Rural Municipalites of Leask, Shellbrook, Paddowckwood and Torchwood, plus all enclosed and partially enclosed Indian Reserves, Towns and Villages to Prince Albert.
  • Moose Jaw—Lake Centre—Lanigan: Gains the remainder of the Rural Municipality of Prairie Rose from Regina—Qu'Appelle; Gains the Rural Municipalities of Maple Bush, Enfield, Chaplin, Wheatlands, Caron, Shamrock, Rodgers, Hillsborough, Gravelbourg, Sutton, and Lake Johnston plus all enclosed towns and villages from Cypress Hills—Grasslands; Loses the Humboldt Lake area, the Rural Municipality of Blucher, and the municipalities of Allan, Bradwell and Clavet to Carlton Trail—Eagle Creek; Loses all newly annexed territory by the City of Regina to Regina—Lewvan (west of McCarthy Blvd) or Regina—Qu'Appelle (east of McCarthy); gains the parts of Regina—Lewvan and Regina—Wascana (south of Highway 33) not in the City of Regina.
  • Prince Albert: Gains the Rural Municipalities of Big River, Canwood, Lakeland, plus Prince Albert National Park, and the remainder of the Rural Municipalites of Leask, Shellbrook, Paddowckwood and Torchwood, plus all enclosed and partially enclosed Indian Reserves, Towns and Villages from Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River; Loses the Rural Municipalities of Arborfield and Moose Range, and the municipalities of Tobin Lake, Carrot River and Arborfield to Yorkton—Melville; Loses the Rural Municipalities of St. Louis, Invergordon, and Flett's Springs, including the One Arrow 95 Indian Reserve, and the villages of St. Louis and Beatty to Carlton Trail—Eagle Creek.
  • Regina—Lewvan: Gains the area south of 4th Avenue and West of Albert Street in Regina from Regina—Qu'Appelle; Loses all of the City of Regina north of 1st Avenue and east of McCarthy Blvd to Regina—Qu'Appelle; Gains all newly annexed territory by the City of Regina west of McCarthy Blvd from Moose Jaw—Lake Centre—Lanigan; loses the parts not in the City of Regina to Moose Jaw—Lake Centre—Lanigan.
  • Regina—Qu'Appelle: Loses the remainder of the Rural Municipality of Prairie Rose to Moose Jaw—Lake Centre—Lanigan; Loses the Rural Municipalities of Big Quill, Elfros and Ituna Bon Accord plus all enclosed Indian Reserves, towns and villages to Yorkton—Melville; Loses the area south of 4th Avenue and West of Albert Street in Regina to Regina—Lewvan; Gains all of the City of Regina north of 1st Avenue and east of McCarthy Blvd from Regina—Lewvan and Moose Jaw—Lake Centre—Lanigan; Loses all newly annexed territory in the city of Regina south of the CP Railway to Regina—Wascana; Gains that part of Regina—Wascana between Highways 1 and 33 not in the City of Regina.
  • Regina—Wascana: Loses all of its territory outside the City of Regina to either Moose Jaw—Lake Centre—Lanigan (west of Highway 33) or Regina—Qu'Appelle (east of Highway 33). Gains newly annexed territory in the City of Regina from Regina—Qu'Appelle north of Highway 1.
  • Saskatoon South: Replaces Saskatoon—Grasswood. Loses all of its territory outside of the City of Saskatoon to Carlton Trail—Eagle Creek. Loses the area north of 8th Street and west of Highway 11 to Saskatoon—University.
  • Saskatoon—University: Gains that part of Saskatoon—Grasswood north of 8th Street and west of Highway 11.
  • Saskatoon West: Western border reconfigured to follow the new Saskatoon city limits.
  • Souris—Moose Mountain: Gains the Rural Municipalities of Stonehenge, Lake of the Rivers, Willow Bunch, Old Post and Poplar Valley, and all enclosed towns and villages from Cypress Hills—Grasslands.
  • Swift Current—Grasslands—Kindersley: Replaces Cypress Hills—Grasslands. Loses the Rural Municipalities of Stonehenge, Lake of the Rivers, Willow Bunch, Old Post and Poplar Valley, and all enclosed towns and villages to Souris—Moose Mountain. Loses the Rural Municipalities of Maple Bush, Enfield, Chaplin, Wheatlands, Caron, Shamrock, Rodgers, Hillsborough, Gravelbourg, Sutton, and Lake Johnston plus all enclosed towns and villages to Moose Jaw—Lake Centre—Lanigan. Gains the Rural Municipalities of Eye Hill, Grass Lake, Tramping Lake, Reford, Rosemount, Heart's Hill, Progress, Mariposa, Grandview, Antelope Park, Prairiedale, Oakdale, Winslow and all enclosed towns and villages in those RMs from Battlefords—Lloydminster. Gainsthe Rural Municipalities of Biggar, Perdue, Mountain View, Marriott, Harris, Montrose, Pleasant Valley, St. Andrews, Milden and Fertile Valley, including all enclosed towns and villages from Carlton Trail—Eagle Creek.
  • Yorkton—Melville: Loses the Rural Municipality of Lake Lenore and the Town of St. Brieux to Carlton Trail—Eagle Creek; Gains the Rural Municipalities of Arborfield and Moose Range, and the municipalities of Tobin Lake, Carrot River and Arborfield from Prince Albert; Gains the Rural Municipalities of Big Quill, Elfros and Ituna Bon Accord plus all enclosed Indian Reserves, towns and villages from Regina—Qu'Appelle.

Objections from MPs

After the publication of each commissions final report, the reports were referred to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs. MPs could file written objections to a report with the Standing Committee within 30 days of the tabling of the final report. Members had to specify the provisions objected to in the reports and the reasons for their objection, and objections had to be signed by at least 10 MPs.[2][64]

After the filling deadline, the Standing Committee had 30 days to consider the objections, with a 30 day extension available, after which the reports along with a copy of all the objections, including those the Standing Committee did not support, were returned to the commissions through the speaker of the House of Commons.[2][64]

The commissions had to consider the objections within the following 30 days, but they were not compelled to make any changes as a result of the objections.[64]

New Brunswick
  • Conservative MP John Williamson objected to the name "Saint John—St. Croix", and proposed instead the name "New Brunswick Southwest".[65] The Standing Committee supported the objection.[66] The Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for New Brunswick dismissed the objection.[67]

The standing committee completed its consideration of the New Brunswick Final Report on February 16, 2023, and reported the objection back to the House of Commons on March 20, 2023.[68][66]

Newfoundland and Labrador

There were no MP objections to the Newfoundland and Labrador Final Report.[69]

The standing committee completed its consideration of the Newfoundland and Labrador Final Report on January 31, 2023, and reported the lack of objections back to the House of Commons on February 8, 2023.[70][69]

Nova Scotia
  • Liberal MP Sean Fraser objected to the division of Antigonish County and Pictou County into separate electoral districts (Cape Breton—Canso—Antigonish and Pictou—Eastern Shore respectively), objected to the inclusion of Antigonish County in Cape Breton—Canso, and objected to the inclusion of Lawrencetown, Porters Lake and Chezzetcook in Pictou—Eastern Shore.[65] The Standing Committee supported the objection, with the four Conservative members of the committee dissenting.[71]
  • Liberal MP Sean Fraser objected to the name "Pictou—Eastern Shore" and proposed instead the name "Central Nova".[65] The Standing Committee supported the objection.[71]
  • Liberal MP Jaime Battiste objected to the territory exchange between Cape Breton—Canso and Sydney—Victoria.[65] The Standing Committee supported the objection, with the four Conservative members of the committee dissenting.[71]
  • Liberal MP Lena Diab objected to the removal of the area around Larry Uteck Boulevard from Halifax West, and objected to the inclusion of the Chebucto Peninsula in Halifax West.[65] The Standing Committee supported the objection, with the four Conservative members of the committee dissenting.[71]

The standing committee completed its consideration of the Nova Scotia Final Report on February 14, 2023, and reported the objections back to the House of Commons on March 20, 2023.[68][71]

Prince Edward Island

There were no MP objections to the Prince Edward Island Final Report.[72]

The standing committee completed its consideration of the Prince Edward Island Final Report on January 31, 2023, and reported the lack of objections back to the House of Commons on February 8, 2023.[70][72]

Manitoba

The standing committee completed its consideration of the Manitoba Final Report on February 16, 2023, and reported the objections back to the House of Commons on March 20, 2023.[75][74]

Saskatchewan
  • New Democratic MP Daniel Blaikie objected to the boundaries in Saskatoon, and proposed instead that the commission restore to the proposed "Saskatoon Centre" from the Initial Proposal.[73] The Standing Committee supported the objection, with the four Conservative members of the committee dissenting.[76]
  • Conservative MP Warren Steinley and Conservative MP Andrew Scheer jointly objected to the territory exchange between Regina—Lewvan and Regina—Qu'Appelle.[73] The Standing Committee supported the objection.[76]
  • Conservative MP Andrew Scheer objected to the removal of Wynyard and Ituna from Regina—Qu'Appelle.[73] The Standing Committee supported the objection.[76]

The standing committee completed its consideration of the Saskatchewan Final Report on February 16, 2023, and reported the objections back to the House of Commons on March 20, 2023.[75][76]

Submissions to the House of Commons

Manitoba

On April 26, 2023, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Manitoba completed its work, with the final report as submitted to the House of Commons being considered final.[77] Only one minor change was approved after the final report.

New Brunswick

On April 18, 2023, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for New Brunswick completed its work, with the final report as submitted to the House of Commons being considered final.[78]

Newfoundland and Labrador

On March 23, 2023, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Newfoundland and Labrador completed its work, with the final report as submitted to the House of Commons being considered final.[56][79]

Nova Scotia

On April 26, 2023, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Nova Scotia completed its work, with the final report as submitted to the House of Commons being considered final[80]

Prince Edward Island

On March 23, 2023, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Prince Edward Island completed its work, with the final report as submitted to the House of Commons being considered final.[59][81]

  • Cardigan: Loses all of its territory in North Shore and the North Shore Fire District, plus everything west of Highway 6 between them to Malpeque.
  • Charlottetown: Gains newly annexed territory by the City of Charlottetown in the Marshfield area from Malpeque.
  • Egmont: Gains the Bedeque area plus some areas east and southeast of Summerside from Malpeque.
  • Malpeque: Gains the remainder of North Shore and the North Shore Fire District, plus everything west of Highway 6 between them from Cardigan; Loses the Bedeque area plus some areas east and southeast of Summerside from Malpeque. Loses newly annexed territory by the City of Charlottetown in the Marshfield area to Charlottetown.

Saskatchewan

On April 26, 2023, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Saskatchewan completed its work, with the final report as submitted to the House of Commons being considered final.[82] There were two modifications from the final report.

See also

Notes
  1. The 10 month deadline to publish the final report for all commissions except Quebec was December 9, 2022, with a 2 month extension to February 9, 2023 available to commissions that requested it.
  2. Two public hearings were cancelled
  3. Two public hearings were cancelled
  4. One public hearing was cancelled

References

Citations
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Final reports
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