2023 in spaceflight
This article documents notable and expected spaceflight events during the year 2023.
  Top: The Psyche mission to the metal asteroid of the same name is scheduled to launch in 2023. Bottom: ESA's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer launched in April 2023. | |
| Orbital launches | |
|---|---|
| First | 3 January |
| Last | 19 May |
| Total | 72 |
| Successes | 67 |
| Failures | 5 |
| Partial failures | 0 |
| Catalogued | 66 |
| National firsts | |
| Spaceflight |  Oman (suborbital spaceflight due to failed orbital launch)
|
| Satellite | |
| Rockets | |
| Maiden flights | |
| Retirements | |
| Crewed flights | |
| Orbital | 1 |
| Total travellers | 4 |
Overview
Exploration of the Solar System
On April 14, the European Space Agency (ESA) launched the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) spacecraft, which will explore Jupiter and its large ice-covered moons following an eight-year transit.[1]
The OSIRIS-REx mission will return to Earth on 24 September with samples collected from asteroid Bennu.[2]
NASA plans to launch the Psyche spacecraft, an orbiter mission that will explore the origin of planetary cores by studying the metallic asteroid 16 Psyche, in October 2023 on a Falcon Heavy launch vehicle.
Space tourism
SpaceX plans to fly Polaris Dawn in July, a Crew Dragon mission including the first commercial spacewalk.
Rocket innovation
The maiden flights of Arianespace's Ariane 6,[3] Blue Origin's New Glenn,[4] and United Launch Alliance's Vulcan Centaur[5] are planned for 2023, along with other smaller rockets.
On January 10, ABL Space Systems' RS1 had its debut flight, but failed to reach orbit.[6]
On March 7, JAXA/MHI H3's maiden flight was terminated in-flight due to failure to ignite the second stage, resulting in the loss of the ALOS-3 land observation satellite.[7]
On March 23, Relativity Space's Terran 1 had its debut flight. The flight goal, which was to demonstrate the viability of 3D printing for major structural components of a rocket, was achieved when Terran 1 passed max q and continued to perform nominally. However, after stage separation, the second stage failed to ignite, ending the mission.[8] Following the failed launch, Relativity retired the rocket in favor of developing the much larger, reusable Terran R vehicle.[9]
On April 2, Space Pioneer's Tianlong-2 had its debut flight, and successfully reached orbit. It was the first successful launch of a Chinese privately-funded liquid-fueled rocket. Space Pioneer is the first private company to reach orbit on its first attempt using a fully liquid fueled rocket.[10]
On April 20, SpaceX's Starship had its first test flight,[11] aiming to complete about three-quarters of an orbit and landing in the Pacific Ocean northwest of Kauai.[12] Test launch was partially successful, but the flight termination system was triggered after a failed stage separation.
Space debris and satellites management
On 27 January, ESA reported the successful demonstration of a braking sail-based satellite deorbiter, ADEO, which could be used by space debris mitigation measures.[13][14]
Orbital launches
| Month | Num. of successes | Num. of failures | Num. of partial failures |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 14 | 2 | 0 |
| February | 12 | 0 | 0 |
| March | 22 | 2 | 0 |
| April | 11 | 1 | 0 |
| May | 8 | 0 | 0 |
| June | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| July | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| August | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| September | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| October | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| November | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| December | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Total | 67 | 5 | 0 |
Deep-space rendezvous
| Date (UTC) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21 March | Hakuto-R Mission 1[15] | Lunar orbit insertion | Success |
| 25 April | Hakuto-R Mission 1 | Lunar landing | Communications were lost, landing failed.[16] |
| 20 June | BepiColombo | Third gravity assist at Mercury | |
| 21 August | Parker Solar Probe | Sixth gravity assist at Venus | |
| 24 September | OSIRIS-REx | Sample return to Earth | |
| 1 November | Lucy | Flyby of 152830 Dinkinesh | Lucy will approach 450 km (280 mi) from the asteroid.[17] |
| 30 December | Juno | 57th perijove | On the day of this perijove, Juno will fly by Io. Orbital period around Jupiter reduced to 35 days.[18][19] |
Extravehicular activities (EVAs)
| Start Date/Time | Duration | End Time | Spacecraft | Crew | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 January 2023 13:14 |
7 hours 21 minutes | 20:35 | Expedition 68 ISS Quest |
 Koichi Wakata Nicole Mann |
First spacewalk of 2023 to finish installation of the IROSA mounting brackets on the starboard side of the station. Wakata and Mann installed cables on the 1B Array at the S6 truss, which was not completed on the last spacewalk, tightened bolts and installed a terminator on a cable along with its connected jumper on the SSDCDC converter box to isolate the 1B array until the IROSA solar arrays are installed following the arrival of SpaceX CRS-28 in June. They also assembled and installed the IROSA mounting bracket onto the 1A array, which was also left incomplete on the last spacewalk. Wakata and Mann were unable to secure the final strut on the 1A solar array because of debris in the guide track of the mounting pad and only one of the jumpers was installed. The astronauts returned the strut to the Quest Airlock and will use special tools to clean the tracks before it is remounted on the next spacewalk. They were also unable to connect the cables for 1A due to time constraints. NASA astronaut Zena Cardman was Ground IV, assisted by JAXA astronaut Akihiko Hoshide, who was the Capcom for the astronauts inside the ISS during the spacewalk.[20][21][22] |
| 2 February 2023 12:45 |
6 hours 41 minutes | 19:26 | Expedition 68 ISS Quest |
Nicole Mann Koichi Wakata |
Final spacewalk to install the mounting brackets for the 1A solar array in preparation for the delivery of IROSA on SpaceX CRS-28. Tasks included installing the final strut, securing the bolts on the 1A solar array, relocating foot restraints that were left on P6 inboard, and routing cables. NASA astronaut Zena Cardman was Ground IV.[23][24] |
| 9 February 2023 9:10 |
7 hours 6 minutes | 16:16 | Shenzhou 15 TSS Wentian airlock |
 Fei Junlong Zhang Lu |
They completed a series of tasks, including installing an external pump on the Mengtian lab module and other tasks related to Mengtian's payload airlock, which allows astronauts to deploy science payloads and small satellites using the station's robotic arms. It is China's longest spacewalk to date.[25] |
| 28 February 2023 ??:?? |
? hours ? minutes | ??:?? | Shenzhou 15 | Fei Junlong Zhang Lu |
During the four spacewalks (including one on 9 February 2023), the three astronauts of the Shenzhou 15 crew worked closely together inside and outside the cabin, and successfully completed the installation of the extended pump set outside the cabin, the installation and connection of cross-cabin cables, and the external load exposure platform. The installation of support rods and other tasks laid the foundation for the subsequent large-scale extravehicular science and technology experiments.[26] |
| 30 March 2023 ??:?? |
? hours ? minutes | ??:?? | Shenzhou 15 | Fei Junlong Zhang Lu | |
| 15 April 2023 ??:?? |
? hours ? minutes | ??:?? | Shenzhou 15 | Fei Junlong Zhang Lu | |
| 19 April 01:40 |
7 hours 55 minutes | 09:35 | Expedition 69 |  Sergey Prokopyev Dmitry Petelin |
Ninth in a series of spacewalks to outfit Nauka and to prepare ERA for operations. The spacewalkers used ERA to pick up the radiator with the arm where it was relocated at the end of the spacewalk. They closed valves on the nitrogen jumpers, removed covers over the nitrogen jumpers, disconnected the radiator heater cable and capped it, removed bolts and launch restraints, and transferred the radiator over to Nauka and installed it into a socket on the forward face where it will be deployed at the end of EVA 4. As part of get-ahead tasks, they will prepare the airlock for transfer to Nauka on the next spacewalk and stowed the ERA adapter on the airlock. Because of time and issues with matting the radiator the task to jettison the covers was moved to the next spacewalk. This was the longest spacewalk of this expedition and a critical one to get the lab activated.[27] |
| 28 April 13:11 |
7 hours 1 minute | 20:12 | Expedition 68 ISS Quest |
Stephen Bowen Sultan Al Neyadi |
Bowen and Al Neyadi, who became the first Arab astronaut to perform a spacewalk, finished routing cables and secured the struts with MLI at the 1B and 1A solar arrays in preparation for the arrival of the IROSA arrays in June. The primary task to retrieve the Space to Ground Antenna (SASA) was deferred to the next spacewalk because a stuck bolt on the electronics box prevented the antenna from being released from the FRAM. NASA Astronaut Anne McClain was Ground IV CAPCOM.[28][29][30] |
| 4 May 20:00 |
7 hours 11 minutes | 03:11 | Expedition 69 | Sergey Prokopyev Dmitry Petelin |
Tenth in a series of spacewalks to outfit Nauka and to prepare ERA for operations. The spacewalkers removed bolts, removed covers, disconnected cables, and used ERA to transfer the airlock over to Nauka where it was installed on the forward facing port. Once the airlock was installed they mated cables and jettisoned their trash which included hardware and covers from the previous spacewalks and this spacewalk. Spacewalk faced a delay when ERA entered an uncontrolled roll placing the airlock out of alignment. Prokopyev and Petelin improvised with a little elbow grease and got the airlock rotated into the correct position and got it latched in place. Spacewalk faced another delay when tape was found on the electrical connectors requiring Prokopyev to cut it before the cables were connected.[31][32][33][34] |
| 12 May 15:47 |
5 hours 14 minutes | 23:01 | Expedition 69 | Sergey Prokopyev Dmitry Petelin |
Eleventh and final spacewalk to outfit Nauka and to prepare ERA for operations. To wrap up work on Nauka, the cosmonauts deployed the radiator, and installed nitrogen and ammonia jumpers to cool the Russian Segment and connected the radiator to electrical power, hydraulics, and mechanical connections. As a getahead task while the radiator was being filled with coolant the cosmonauts installed gap spanners on ERA's boom to allow for translation on future spacewalks.[35][36] |
Space debris events
| Date/Time (UTC) | Source object | Event type | Pieces tracked | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 January | Kosmos 2499 |
Breakup | 85 | Energetic fragmentation event; Cause Unknown |
| 11 March | Orbcomm F36 |
Breakup | 7 | Unknown; likely energetic fragmentation event caused by a malfunction in the hydrazine orbit adjust system[37][38] |
Orbital launch statistics
By country
For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. As an example, Electron launches from Mahia in New Zealand are counted under USA.
| Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures |
Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | 19 | 19 | 0 | 0 | ||
 Europe | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
 India | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
 Israel | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Japan | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Russia | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | ||
| United States | 40 | 36 | 4 | 0 | Includes Electron launches from Mahia | |
| World | 72 | 67 | 5 | 0 | ||
By rocket
By family
| Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ariane | Europe | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ceres | China | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Electron | United States | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Falcon | United States | 32 | 32 | 0 | 0 | |
| H-series | Japan | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Hyperbola | China | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kuaizhou | China | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| LauncherOne | United States | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Long March | China | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | |
| RS1 | United States | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| R-7 | Russia | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Shavit | Israel | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| SLV | India | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Starship | United States | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Terran | United States | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Tianlong | China | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| UR | Russia | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
By type
| Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ariane 5 | Europe | Ariane | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ceres-1 | China | Ceres | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Electron | United States | Electron | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Falcon 9 | United States | Falcon | 32 | 32 | 0 | 0 | |
| H-IIA | Japan | H-series | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| H3 | Japan | H-series | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Hyperbola-1 | China | Hyperbola | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kuaizhou 1 | China | Kuaizhou | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| LauncherOne | United States | LauncherOne | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Long March 2 | China | Long March | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 3 | China | Long March | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 4 | China | Long March | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 7 | China | Long March | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 11 | China | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| LVM 3 | India | SLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| PSLV | India | SLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Proton | Russia | UR | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| RS1 | United States | RS1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Shavit 2 | Israel | Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| SSLV | India | SLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz-2 | Russia | R-7 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Starship | United States | Starship | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Terran 1 | United States | Terran | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Only flight |
| Tianlong-2 | China | Tianlong | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
By configuration
| Rocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ariane 5 ECA | Europe | Ariane 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ceres-1 | China | Ceres-1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Electron | United States | Electron | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Falcon 9 Block 5 | United States | Falcon 9 | 30 | 30 | 0 | 0 | |
| Falcon Heavy | United States | Falcon 9 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| H-IIA 202 | Japan | H-IIA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| H3-22S | Japan | H3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Hyperbola-1 | China | Hyperbola-1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kuaizhou 1A | China | Kuaizhou 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| LauncherOne | United States | LauncherOne | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Long March 2C | China | Long March 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 2D | China | Long March 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 3B/E | China | Long March 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 4B | China | Long March 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 4C | China | Long March 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 7 | China | Long March 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 7A | China | Long March 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 11 | China | Long March 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| LVM 3 | India | LVM 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| PSLV-CA | India | PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Proton-M / DM-03 | Russia | Proton | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Proton-M / Briz-M | Russia | Proton | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| RS1 | United States | RS1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Shavit 2 | Israel | Shavit 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| SSLV | India | SSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz-2.1a | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz-2-1v | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Starship | United States | Starship | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Terran 1 | United States | Terran 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Only flight |
| Tianlong-2 | China | Tianlong-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
By spaceport
10
20
30
40
China
France
India
Israel
Japan
Kazakhstan
New Zealand
Russia
South Korea
United Kingdom
United States
| Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baikonur |  Kazakhstan | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Cape Canaveral | United States | 19 | 18 | 1 | 0 | |
| Cornwall |  United Kingdom | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | First launch |
| Jiuquan | China | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kennedy | United States | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kourou |  France | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Mahia |  New Zealand | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| MARS | United States | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| PSCA | United States | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Palmachim | Israel | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Plesetsk | Russia | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Satish Dhawan | India | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Starbase | United States | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | First orbital launch |
| Taiyuan | China | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Tanegashima | Japan | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Vandenberg | United States | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
| Wenchang | China | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Xichang | China | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Total | 72 | 67 | 5 | 0 | ||
By orbit
10
20
30
40
50
60
- Transatmospheric
- Low Earth
- Low Earth (ISS)
- Low Earth (CSS)
- Low Earth (SSO)
- Low Earth (polar)
- Low Earth (retrograde)
- Medium Earth
- Molniya
- Geosynchronous
- Tundra
- High Earth
- Lunar transfer
- Heliocentric
| Orbital regime | Launches | Achieved | Not achieved | Accidentally achieved |
Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transatmospheric | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Low Earth / Sun-synchronous | 55 | 51 | 4 | 0 | Including flights to ISS and Tiangong |
| Geosynchronous / Tundra / GTO | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | |
| Medium Earth / Molniya | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| High Earth / Lunar transfer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Heliocentric orbit / Planetary transfer | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Total | 72 | 67 | 5 | 0 |
Suborbital launch statistics
By country
For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of suborbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. Flights intended to fly below 80 km (50 mi) are omitted.
| Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures |
Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Brazil | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Canada | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| China | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| France | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
 Germany | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
 North Korea | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
 Pakistan | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Russia | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
 South Korea | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| United States | 13 | 11 | 2 | 0 | ||
| World | 29 | 23 | 6 | 0 | ||
Planned maiden flights
- Ariane 6 – Arianespace – Europe (ESA) – late 2023
- Gravity-1 – Orienspace – China – Q4 2023[39]
- Kairos – Space One – Japan – Summer 2023[40]
- Long March 6C – CASC – China – TBD[41]
- New Glenn – Blue Origin – U.S. – late 2023[4]
- RFA One – Rocket Factory Augsburg – Germany – late 2023[42]
- Vulcan Centaur – United Launch Alliance – U.S. – Q2[43]
Notes
References
- Davenport, Justin (14 April 2023). "ESA launches JUICE to Jupiter's icy moons atop Ariane 5".
- Tillman, Nola Taylor; Howell, Elizabeth (11 November 2022). "OSIRIS-REx: NASA's asteroid study and sample return mission". Space.com. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
- Foust, Jeff (19 October 2022). "Ariane 6 first launch slips to late 2023". SpaceNews. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
- Foust, Jeff (23 March 2022). "Vulcan Centaur on schedule for first launch in 2022 as New Glenn slips". SpaceNews. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
- "ULA Sets Path Forward for Inaugural Vulcan Flight Test". ULA. 12 October 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- Foust, Jeff (10 January 2023). "First ABL Space Systems launch fails". SpaceNews. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
- Roston, Michael; Dooley, Ben; Ueno, Hisako (7 March 2023). "New Japanese Rocket Is Destroyed During First Test Flight to Space". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
- Wall, Mike (23 March 2023). "Relativity Space launches world's first 3D-printed rocket on historic test flight, but fails to reach orbit". Space.com. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
- Sheetz, Michael. "Relativity goes 'all in' on larger reusable rocket, shifting 3D-printing approach after first launch". CNBC. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
- China 'N Asia Spaceflight [@CNSpaceflight] (2 April 2023). "🚀 History made on April 02, 2023! Liftoff at ~08:48UTC, SPACE-PIONEER's Tianlong-2 successfully launched Jinta cubesat from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. 🎉 World's first startup to successfully launch a liquid fueled rocket to orbit on first attempt" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- Baylor, Michael. "Starship-Super Heavy (Prototype) | Orbital Test Flight". Next Spaceflight. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
- Clark, Stephen (13 May 2021). "SpaceX outlines plans for Starship orbital test flight". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- Young, Chris (9 February 2023). "ESA successfully deploys braking sail for deorbiting small satellites". interestingengineering.com. Archived from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
- "Show Me Your Wings: Successful In-flight Demonstration of the ADEO Braking Sail". www.esa.int. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
- Foust, Jeff (21 March 2023). "Japanese lander enters lunar orbit". Space News. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- Komiya, Kantaro; Roulette, Joey (25 April 2023). "Japan's ispace assumes failure in bid to make first commercial moon landing" – via www.reuters.com.
- "NASA's Lucy Team Announces New Asteroid Target". 25 January 2023.
- Talbert, Tricia (8 January 2021). "NASA Extends Exploration for Two Planetary Science Missions". NASA. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
- "NASA's Juno Mission Expands Into the Future". NASA.gov. 13 January 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
- Dodson, Gerelle (13 January 2023). "NASA to Provide Coverage of US Spacewalk, Preview News Conference". NASA. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- Lavelle, Heidi. "Astronauts Begin Spacewalk to Prep for Station Power Upgrades". blogs.nasa.gov. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
- Garcia, Mark. "Spacewalkers Wrap Up First Spacewalk of 2023". blogs.nasa.gov. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
- Lavelle, Heidi. "Astronauts Begin Spacewalk to Continue Power System Upgrades". blogs.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
- Garcia, Mark. "Spacewalkers Complete Construction Job to Upgrade Station Power". blogs.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
- "China's Shenzhou 15 astronauts take their 1st spacewalk outside Tiangong space station (video)". Space.com. 10 February 2023. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
- "官方｜神舟十五号乘组刷新中国航天员单个乘组出舱活动纪录 工程全线加紧备战空间站应用与发展阶段首次飞行任务". Weixin Official Accounts Platform. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
- Garcia, Mark. "Botany, Heart Research Ahead of Dragon Departure and Spacewalks". blogs.nasa.gov. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
- Donaldson, Abbey (17 April 2023). "NASA Sets Coverage of Spacewalk, News Conference for Station Upgrades". nasa.gov. NASA. Archived from the original on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
- Garcia, Mark (28 April 2023). "Astronauts Begin Spacewalk to Upgrade Station Power". blogs.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
- Garcia, Mark (28 April 2023). "Astronauts Wrap Up Spacewalk for Station Power Upgrades". blogs.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
- Pearlman, Robert Z. (24 April 2023). "Russian spacewalk to move airlock outside space station postponed". Space.com. Archived from the original on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
- Garcia, Mark (1 May 2023). "Cosmonauts Prep for Wednesday Spacewalk as Astronauts Relax". blogs.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
- Garcia, Mark. "Cosmonauts Begin Spacewalk to Move Experiment Airlock". blogs.nasa.gov. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
- Garcia, Mark. "Cosmonauts Move Experiment Airlock and Complete Spacewalk". blogs.nasa.gov. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
- Graf, Author Abigail. "Cosmonauts Begin Spacewalk to Deploy Radiator". blogs.nasa.gov. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
{{cite web}}:|first=has generic name (help) - Garcia, Author Mark. "Cosmonauts Deploy Radiator and Complete Spacewalk". blogs.nasa.gov. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
{{cite web}}:|first=has generic name (help) - Orbital Focus [@OrbitalFocus] (17 March 2023). "From Space-Track: The 18th Space Defense Squadron (18 SDS) has confirmed the breakup of Orbcomm FM 36 (#25984, 1999-065E), which likely occurred March 11, 2023, at approximately 0145 UTC. As of March 16, 18 SDS is tracking 7 associated pieces at an estimated 792 km altitude..." (Tweet). Retrieved 3 April 2023 – via Twitter.
- Jonathan McDowell [@planet4589] (17 March 2023). "The jump is a propulsive orbit adjust, which makes the likeliest cause some kind of bad event in the hydrazine orbit adjust system" (Tweet). Retrieved 3 April 2023 – via Twitter.
- China 'N Asia Spaceflight [@CNSpaceflight] (8 March 2023). "ORIENSPACE now targets the 4th quarter of 2023 for the maiden launch of Gravitation-1 and the second quarter of 2024 for the 2nd launch. There are still ~1 tonnes and ~2 tonnes capacity respectively available for additional customers" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- 串本町 民間ロケット打ち上げ ことし夏ごろに 延期は３回目 (in Japanese). NHK. 31 January 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
- China N' Asia Spaceflight [@CNSpaceflight] (3 January 2023). "CASC had a planning meeting today of 2023 missions, affirming Long March 6C to debut in 2023, and 50+ launches are planned in the year" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- "Rocket Factory Augsburg's first launch to take place from SaxaVord Spaceport". Rocket Factory Augsburg (Press release). 11 January 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
- Foust, Jeff (23 February 2023). "ULA announces May launch of first Vulcan". SpaceNews. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
External links
- Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
- Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
- Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.
- Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
- Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- McDowell, Jonathan. "Jonathan's Space Report".
- Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
- Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
- Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
- Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
- "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
- "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
- "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
- "Space Information Center". JAXA.
- "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
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