Pterodon (mammal)

Pterodon ("winged tooth") is an extinct genus of superficially wolf-like hyainailurids from subtribe Pterodontina within polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini in paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae, that lived in late Eocene Europe.[7]

Not to be confused with Pteranodon.
Not to be confused with Pterodon (plant).

Pterodon
Temporal range: Late Eocene
Pterodon dasyuroides skull
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: †Hyaenodonta
Superfamily: †Hyainailouroidea
Family: †Hyainailouridae
Subfamily: †Hyainailourinae
Tribe: †Hyainailourini
Subtribe: †Pterodontina
Lavrov, 1999[1]
Genus: †Pterodon
Blainville, 1839
Type species
†Pterodon dasyuroides
Blainville, 1839[2]
Synonyms
synonyms of species:
  • P. dasyuroides:
    • Pterodon biincisivus (Filhol, 1876)[3]
    • Pterodon coquandi (Pictet, 1853)[4]
    • Pterodon dasuyroides (Lavrov, 1999)
    • Pterodon parisiensis (Blainville, 1841)[5]
    • Pterodon quercyi (Filhol, 1882)[6]

Classification and phylogeny

Taxonomy

Pterodon nyanzae is now considered to be synonymous with Hyainailouros.[8] Likewise, the putative Asian species P. dahkoensis is now assigned to its own genus, Orienspterodon.[7]

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of genus Pterodon are shown in the following cladogram:[9][10][11][12][13]

 †Hyaenodonta 

†Eoproviverra

†Boualitomidae

†Arfiidae

†Limnocyonidae

†Sinopidae

†Hyaenodontoidea

†Gazinocyon

†Pyrocyon

†Galecyon

 †Afro‑Arabian clade 

†Parvavorodon

†Indohyaenodontidae

†Glibzegdouia

†Koholiidae

†Tritemnodon

†Teratodontidae

†Apterodontinae

†Maocyon

 †Maocyon/Orienspterodon clade

†Orienspterodon

†Hyainailourinae

†Hemipsalodon

 ? 

†Ischnognathus

 †Akhnatenavus clade

†Akhnatenavus

†"Pterodon" sp. (BC 15’08)

†Hyainailourinae sp. (UON 84-359)

†Hyainailourinae sp. C (DPC 9243 & DPC 10315)

†Hyainailourinae sp. D (DPC 6545)

†Kerberos

†"Pterodon" syrtos

 †Pterodon clade
 †Pterodontina 
 †Pterodon 

†Pterodon dasyuroides

†Hyainailourinae sp. A (DPC 6555)

†"Pterodon" africanus

†Parapterodon

†"Pterodon" sp. (DPC 5036)

†"Pterodon" phiomensis

†Hyainailourini

†Paroxyaenini

†Falcatodon

†Sectisodon

†Exiguodon

†Isohyaenodon zadoki

†Isohyaenodon  (†Isohyaenodontina)

†Isohyaenodon andrewsi

†Sivapterodon

†Hyainailouros bugtiensis

†Hyainailouros napakensis

†Hyainailouros

†Hyainailouros sulzeri

†Hyainailourinae sp. (GSN AD 100’96)

†Simbakubwa

†Leakitheriini

†Megistotherium

†Mlanyama

†Metapterodontini

†Pakakali

†Prionogalidae

 †Hyainailouridae
†Lahimia clade
†Arfia clade
†Galecyon clade
†Indohyaenodon clade
†Tritemnodon clade

See also

References
  1. A. V. Lavrov (1999.) "Adaptive Radiation of Hyaenodontinae (Creodonta, Hyaenodontidae) of Asia." in 6th Congress of the Theriological Society, Moscow, April 13–16, p. 138 [in Russian].
  2. H. M. Blainville (1839.) "Ostéographie, ou, Description iconographique comparée du squelette et du système dentaire des Mammifères récents et fossiles: pour servir de base à la zoologie et à la géologie"
  3. H. Filhol (1876.) "Recherches sur les phospohorites du Quercy. Étude des fossiles qi'on y rencontre et spécialement des Mammifères." Annales des Sciences Géologiques, Paris, 7(7):220 p., pl. 11-36; 1877:art. 1, 340 p., 28 pl.
  4. F. J. Pictet (1853.) "Traité de Paléontologie." I (2e edit.):584 p. + atlas 110 pl.
  5. Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (1841.) "Ostéographie ou description iconographique comparée du squelette et du système dentaire des mammifères récents et fossiles." Tome 2: Secondates et Subursus, 123 p.; Viverras, 100 p. et atlas, 117 pl. Baillėte édit. Paris.
  6. H. Filhol (1882.) "Étude des Mammifères de Ronzon (Haute-Loire)." Ann. Sci. géol., Paris, 12(3):270 p., 25 pl.
  7. Egi, N.; Tsubamoto, T.; Takai, M. (July 2007). "Systematic Status of Asian "Pterodon" and Early Evolution of Hyaenaelurine Hyaenodontid Creodonts". Journal of Paleontology. The Paleontological Society. 81 (4): 770–778. doi:10.1666/pleo0022-3360(2007)081[0770:SSOAPA]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0022-3360. S2CID 131018072.
  8. Lewis, M. E., Morlo, M. (2010.): "Creodonta". – In : Werdelin, L., Sanders, W. (eds) "Cenozoic Mammals of Africa". University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 543–560. https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520257214.003.0026
  9. Borths, Matthew R.; Stevens, Nancy J. (2017). "Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)". Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776.
  10. Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). "Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222. S2CID 145972918.
  11. Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). "The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian". Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185–214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13. S2CID 219585388.
  12. Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). "New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene". Geobios. 66–67: 119–141. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004. S2CID 234848856.
  13. Averianov, Alexander; Obraztsova, Ekaterina; Danilov, Igor; Jin, Jian-Hua (2023). "A new hypercarnivorous hyaenodont from the Eocene of South China". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 11. doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1076819/full. ISSN 2296-701X.
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