Teratodontidae

Teratodontidae; Temporal range: Middle Eocene - Late Miocene
	Comparison of various Early to Middle Miocene hyaenodonts, including the hyainailurids Hyainailouros sulzeri (top) and Megistotherium osteothlastes (center), and teratodontid Dissopsalis carnifex
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Hyaenodonta
Superfamily:	†Hyainailouroidea
Family:	†Teratodontidae; Savage, 1965[1]
Subfamily:	†Teratodontinae; Savage, 1965
Type genus
	†Teratodon; Savage, 1965
Genera
	[see text]

Teratodontidae ("monstrous teeth") is a family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct paraphyletic superfamily Hyainailouroidea within extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from Middle Eocene to Late Miocene deposits in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Asia.[2]

Etymology

The name of the family and subfamily translates as "monstrous teeth" (from Ancient Greek τέρας (téras) 'monster', from Ancient Greek ὀδών (odon) 'tooth' and taxonomic suffixes "-idae" and "-inae".

Classification and phylogeny

Taxonomy

Family: †Teratodontidae (Savage, 1965)
- Subfamily: †Teratodontinae (Savage, 1965)
  - Genus: †Anasinopa (Savage, 1965)
    - †Anasinopa haasi (Tchernov, 1987)
    - †Anasinopa leakeyi (Savage, 1965)
    - †Anasinopa libyca (Morales, Brewer & Pickford, 2010)
    - †Anasinopa napaki (Savage 1965)
  - Genus: †Brychotherium (Borths, 2016)
    - †Brychotherium atrox (Holroyd, 1994)
    - †Brychotherium ephalmos (Borths, 2016)
  - Genus: †Ekweeconfractus (Flink, 2021)[3]
    - †Ekweeconfractus amorui (Flink, 2021)
  - Genus: †Furodon (Solé, 2013)
    - †Furodon crocheti (Solé, 2013)
  - Genus: †Masrasector (Simons & Gingerich, 1974)
    - †Masrasector aegypticum (Simons & Gingerich, 1974)
    - †Masrasector ligabuei (Crochet, 1990)
    - †Masrasector nananubis (Borths & Seiffert, 2017)
    - †Masrasector pithecodacos (Holroyd, 1994)
  - Genus: †Metasinopa (Osborn, 1909)
    - †Metasinopa ethiopica (Andrews, 1906)
    - †Metasinopa fraasii (Osborn, 1909)
    - †Metasinopa osborni (Holroyd, 1994)
    - †Metasinopa sp. [DPC 4544 & DPC 10199] (Matthew, 2017)
  - Genus: †Paratritemnodon (Ranga Rao, 1973)
    - †Paratritemnodon indicus (Ranga Rao, 1973)
    - †Paratritemnodon jandewalensis (Thewissen, 2001)
  - (unranked): †Kyawdawia clade
    - Genus: †Kyawdawia (Egi, 2005)
      - †Kyawdawia lupina (Egi, 2005)
  - Tribe: †Dissopsalini (Morales & Pickford, 2017)
    - Genus: †Buhakia (Morlo, 2007)
      - †Buhakia hyaenoides (Morales, 2003)
      - †Buhakia moghraensis (Morlo, 2007)
      - †Buhakia sp. I [Karungu, Kenya] (Savage, 1965)
      - †Buhakia sp. II [GSN GT VI 22’17] (Morales & Pickford, 2017)
    - Genus: †Dissopsalis (Pilgrim, 1910)
      - †Dissopsalis carnifex (Pilgrim, 1910)
      - †Dissopsalis pyroclasticus (Savage, 1965)
  - Tribe: †Teratodontini (Savage, 1965)
    - Genus: †Teratodon (Savage, 1965)
      - †Teratodon enigmae (Savage, 1965)
      - †Teratodon spekei (Savage, 1965)
      - †Teratodon sp. [DPC 8999] (Morlo, 2007)
  - Incertae sedis:
    - †Teratodontinae sp. (BC 2’08) (Pickford, 2008)
    - †Teratodontinae sp. (CBI-1-614) (Solé, 2016)

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of family Teratodontidae are shown in the following cladogram:[4][5][6][7][8]

†Hyaenodonta

†Eoproviverra

†Boualitomidae

	†Arfiidae

	†Limnocyonidae

†Sinopidae

†Hyaenodontoidea

	†Gazinocyon

	†Pyrocyon

†Galecyon

†Afro‑Arabian clade

†Parvavorodon

	†Indohyaenodontidae

	†Glibzegdouia

†Koholiidae

†Tritemnodon

†Teratodontidae

••••••>

†Apterodontinae

	†Maocyon	†Maocyon/Orienspterodon clade

	†Orienspterodon

†Hyainailourinae

	†Hemipsalodon

?	†Ischnognathus

†Akhnatenavus clade

†Akhnatenavus

†"Pterodon" sp. (BC 15’08)

†Hyainailourinae sp. (UON 84-359)

†Hyainailourinae sp. C (DPC 9243 & DPC 10315)

†Hyainailourinae sp. D (DPC 6545)

	†Kerberos

	†"Pterodon" syrtos

†Pterodon clade

†Pterodontina

	†Hyainailourinae sp. A (DPC 6555)

	†"Pterodon" africanus

	†Parapterodon

†"Pterodon" sp. (DPC 5036)

†"Pterodon" phiomensis

†Hyainailourini

†Paroxyaenini

†Falcatodon

†Sectisodon

	†Exiguodon

	†Isohyaenodon zadoki

†Isohyaenodon (†Isohyaenodontina)

†Isohyaenodon andrewsi

	†Sivapterodon

	†Hyainailouros bugtiensis

†Hyainailouros napakensis

†Hyainailouros

	†Hyainailouros sulzeri

	†Hyainailourinae sp. (GSN AD 100’96)

†Simbakubwa

	†Leakitheriini

	†Megistotherium

	†Mlanyama

	†Metapterodontini

†Pakakali

†Prionogalidae

†Hyainailouridae

†Lahimia clade

†Arfia clade

†Galecyon clade

†Indohyaenodon clade

†Tritemnodon clade

†Hyainailouroidea

†Teratodontidae

†Teratodontinae

†Furodon

†Furodon crocheti

?

†Teratodontinae sp. (BC 2’08)

?

†Teratodontinae sp. (CBI-1-614)

†Paratritemnodon

	†Paratritemnodon indicus

	†Paratritemnodon jandewalensis

†Ekweeconfractus

†Ekweeconfractus amorui

†Kyawdawia	†Kyawdawia lupina

†Dissopsalini

†Buhakia

	†Buhakia hyaenoides

	†Buhakia moghraensis

	†Buhakia sp. I (Karungu, Kenya)

	†Buhakia sp. II (GSN GT VI 22’17)

†Dissopsalis

	†Dissopsalis carnifex

	†Dissopsalis pyroclasticus

†Brychotherium

	†Brychotherium atrox

	†Brychotherium ephalmos

†Metasinopa

	†Metasinopa ethiopica

	†Metasinopa fraasii

	†Metasinopa osborni

	†Metasinopa sp. (DPC 4544 & DPC 10199)

†Masrasector nananubis

?

†Masrasector pithecodacos

	†Masrasector aegypticum

	†Masrasector ligabuei

†Anasinopa

	†Anasinopa haasi

	†Anasinopa leakeyi

	†Anasinopa libyca

	†Anasinopa napaki

†Teratodontini

†Teratodon

	†Teratodon enigmae

	†Teratodon spekei

	†Teratodon sp. (DPC 8999)

†Kyawdawia clade

†Masrasector