July 7
July 7 is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 177 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
Up to 1900
- 1456 – A retrial verdict clears Joan of Arc of heresy, 25 years after she was burnt to death at the stake.
- 1534 – The first exchange between Europeans and Native Americans takes place in present-day New Brunswick.
- 1543 - French troops invade Luxembourg.
- 1575 - Raid of the Redeswine, the last major battle between England and Scotland.
- 1585 - The Treaty of Nemours bans tolerance of Protestants in France.
- 1770 - The Battle of Larga between the Russian Empire and Ottoman Empire is fought.
- 1777 - American Revolutionary War: American forces retreating from Fort Ticonderoga are defeated at the Battle of Hubbardton.
- 1807 - Napoleonic Wars: The Peace of Tilsit between France, Russia and Prussia ends the War of the Fourth Coalition.
- 1846 – California is annexed by the United States.
- 1865 – The conspirators in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, are executed.
- 1881 - Pinocchio, written by Carlo Collodi, is published for the first time.
- 1898 – Hawaii becomes a United States Territory.
1901 – 2000
- 1911 - The United States, United Kingdom, France and Russia sign the North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911, banning open-water seal hunting.
- 1915 - World War I: End of the First Battle of Isonzo.
- 1915 - An International Railway trolley overloaded with 157 passengers crashes near Queenston, Ontario, Canada, killing 15 people.
- 1928 – Commercially sliced bread is first sold in Chillicothe, Missouri.
- 1930 – Work on the Hoover Dam begins.
- 1937 – The Second Sino-Japanese War begins.
- 1941 – World War II: US forces land in Iceland.
- 1944 - World War II: American forces carry out an air raid over Leipzig, Germany.
- 1946 - Mother Francesca S. Cabrini becomes the first American to be canonized.
- 1947 - Roswell incident: Alleged crash of an alien spaceship in Roswell, New Mexico, United States.
- 1953 - Che Guevara starts out on a trip through Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras and El Salvador.
- 1956 - Fritz Moravec and two other Austrian mountaineers become the first people climb Gasherbrum II in the Himalayas.
- 1958 – Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the Alaska Statehood Act into law, allowing Alaska to become a State of the US on January 3, 1959.
- 1974 – West Germany beats the Netherlands 2-1 to win its second FIFA World Cup.
- 1978 – The Solomon Islands become independent.
- 1980 - Sharia law is installed in Iran.
- 1980 - During the Civil War in Lebanon, 83 Tiger militants are killed during what becomes known as the Safra massacre.
- 1981 - Ronald Reagan appoints Sandra Day O'Connor as the first female member of the United States Supreme Court.
- 1983 – US schoolgirl Samantha Smith visits the Soviet Union, after an invitation from Yuri Andropov. Samantha Smith had written him a letter, expressing her fears over a nuclear war.
- 1985 – Boris Becker wins his first Wimbledon tennis title, aged 17.
- 1991 - The Brioni Agreement ends the 10-day independence war in Slovenia against the rest of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
From 2001
- 2003 - NASA's Opportunity rover is launched into space on a Delta II rocket.
- 2003 - A Boeing 737 of Sudan Airways crashes in Port Sudan, Sudan, shortly after take-off, killing 116 people.
- 2005 – Four suicide bombers kill 52 people on London's public transport system. They are the first suicide bombers ever to strike in Europe.
- 2007 – Live Earth concerts take place worldwide, promoting protection of the Environment.
- 2009 - A public funeral service is held at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California, for Michael Jackson, who had died on June 25 aged 50.
- 2011 – Part of a roof at a football stadium in Enschede, the Netherlands, collapses, killing at least one person.
- 2011 - Adolf Hitler is removed as an honorary citizen in his birthplace of Braunau am Inn in Austria.
- 2013 - Andy Murray defeats Novak Djokovic to win the men's singles title at Wimbledon, becoming the first British player in 77 years (since Fred Perry) to win the men's title there.
- 2017 - A treaty banning nuclear weapons is voted for by 124 out of 193 countries.
Births
Up to 1900
- 1053 – Emperor Shirakawa of Japan (d. 1129)
- 1119 – Emperor Sutoku of Japan (d. 1164)
- 1207 - Elizabeth of Hungary (d. 1231)
- 1528 – Archduchess Anna of Austria (d. 1590)
- 1656 - Guru Har Kishan, 8th Sikh Guru (d. 1664)
- 1752 – Joseph-Marie Jacquard, French inventor (d. 1834)
- 1805 - Victor de Tornaco, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (d. 1875)
- 1836 - Rudolf Wolf, Swiss astronomer and mathematician (d. 1893)
- 1843 – Camillo Golgi, Italian doctor, won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1926)
- 1846 - Heinrich Rosenthal, Estonian nationalist leader, doctor and author (d. 1916)
- 1848 - Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, 5th President of Brazil (d. 1919)
- 1852 - Vera Figner, Russian revolutionary (d. 1942)
- 1855 - Ludwig Ganghofer, German writer (d. 1920)
- 1860 – Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer (d. 1911)
- 1861 - Nettie Stevens, American geneticist (d. 1912)
- 1873 - A. Victor Donahey, American politician, 50th Governor of Ohio (d. 1946)
- 1874 - Wladyslaw Grabski, Polish politician, economist and historian (d. 1938)
- 1880 - Otto Frederick Rohwedder, American engineer, invented commercially sliced bread (d. 1960)
- 1882 - Yanka Kupala, Belarussian writer (d. 1942)
- 1883 - Toivo Kuula, Finnish composer and conductor (d. 1918)
- 1884 – Lion Feuchtwanger, German dramatist (d. 1958)
- 1887 – Marc Chagall, Belarussian-born painter (d. 1985)
- 1891 - Tadamichi Kuribayashi, Japanese general (d. 1945)
- 1891 - Virginia Rappe, American model and actress (d. 1921)
- 1893 - Herbert Feis, American author (d. 1972)
- 1893 - Miroslav Krloza, Croatian author, poet and playwright (d. 1981)
- 1898 - Arnold Horween, American football player (d. 1985)
- 1898 - Teresa Hsu Chi Sing, Singaporean social worker and supercentenarian (d. 2011)
- 1899 - George Cukor, American director (d. 1983)
- 1900 - Earle E. Partridge, American general (d. 1990)
1901 – 1950
- 1901 - Vittorio De Sica, Italian actor and director (d. 1974)
- 1901 - Sam Katzman, American director and producer (d. 1973)
- 1901 - Eiji Tsuburaya, Japanese cinematographer (d. 1970)
- 1903 - Ralph Tarrant, English supercentenarian (d. 2013)
- 1906 – Anton Karas, Austrian zither player (d. 1985)
- 1906 – Satchel Paige, American baseball player (d. 1982)
- 1906 - William Feller, American mathematician (d. 1970)
- 1907 – Robert A. Heinlein, American writer (d. 1988)
- 1911 – Gian Carlo Menotti, Italian-born composer (d. 2007)
- 1911 – Gretchen Franklin, English actress (d. 2005)
- 1913 – Pinetop Perkins, American musician (d. 2011)
- 1917 - Iva Withers, Canadian-American actress and singer (d. 2014)
- 1917 - Fidel Sanchez Hernandez, President of El Salvador (d. 2003)
- 1919 – Jon Pertwee, British actor (d. 1996)
- 1921 - Ezzard Charles, American boxer (d. 1975)
- 1924 - Mary Ford, American singer and guitarist (d. 2007)
- 1927 - Henri Dirickx, Belgian footballer (d. 2018)
- 1927 - Alan J. Dixon, former United States Senator for Illinois (d. 2014)
- 1930 - Hamish MacInnes, Scottish mountaineer and author
- 1930 - Theodore Edgar McCarrick, American cardinal
- 1930 - Hank Mobley, American jazz composer (d. 1986)
- 1931 – David Eddings, American writer (d. 2009)
- 1932 - Joe Zawinul, Austrian-American keyboardist and composer (d. 2007)
- 1936 - Egbert Brieskorn, German mathematician (d. 2013)
- 1937 – Tung Chee-hwa, Chinese politician
- 1938 - Jan Assmann, German Egyptologist and cultural theorist
- 1939 - Elena Obraztsova, Russian soprano and actress (d. 2015)
- 1940 – Ringo Starr, English drummer (in the Beatles)
- 1940 – Wolfgang Clement, German politician, former Prime Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia
- 1941 – Michael Howard, British politician
- 1941 – Bill Oddie, British comedian and ornithologist
- 1943 - Toto Cutugno, Italian singer-songwriter
- 1944 - Feleti Sevele, former Prime Minister of Tonga
- 1944 - Tony Jacklin, English golfer
- 1944 - Glenys Kinnock, Welsh politician
- 1945 - Michael Ancram, English-Scottish lawyer and politician
- 1945 - Manuel Chaves, Spanish politician, former Prime Minister of Andalusia
- 1945 - Matti Salminen, Finnish opera singer
- 1947 – Gyanendra, former King of Nepal
- 1947 - Victor Manuel, Spanish singer-songwriter
- 1947 - Rob Townsend, English drummer
- 1948 - Kathy Reichs, American writer and forensic anthropologist
- 1949 – Shelley Duvall, American actress
- 1950 - Gerda Hasselfeldt, German politician
- 1950 - Vaughn Armstrong, American actor
1951 – 1975
- 1952 - Mando Guerrero, Mexican-American wrestler and stuntman
- 1954 - Rami Fortis, Israeli singer
- 1955 - Rolf Saxon, American actor and voice actor
- 1957 - Berry Sakharof, Israeli singer
- 1957 - Jonathan Dayton, American director and producer
- 1958 - Alexander Svinin, Russian figure skater and coach
- 1959 – Billy Campbell, American actor
- 1959 - Jessica Hahn, American model and actress
- 1959 - Alessandro Nannini, Italian racing driver
- 1960 - Kevin A. Ford, American colonel and astronaut
- 1960 - Ralph Sampson, American basketball player and coach
- 1963 – Vonda Shepard, American singer-songwriter
- 1963 - Geir Karlstad, Norwegian speed skater
- 1964 - Jennifer Gibney, Irish actress
- 1965 – Jeremy Guscott, English rugby player
- 1965 - Jeremy Kyle, English television presenter
- 1966 - Gundula Krause, German-American violinist
- 1968 - Amy Carlson, American actress
- 1968 – Jorja Fox, American actress
- 1969 – Sylke Otto, German luger
- 1969 - Joe Sakic, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1970 - Robia LaMorte, American actress
- 1970 - Zoe Tyler, English voice coach, singer and performer
- 1970 – Erik Zabel, German cyclist
- 1972 – Lisa Leslie, American basketball player
- 1972 - Kirsten Vangsness, American actress
- 1973 - Kailash Kher, Indian singer
- 1973 - Troy Garity, American actor
- 1973 - Karlis Skrastins, Latvian ice hockey player (d. 2011)
- 1973 - Natsuki Takaya, Japanese illustrator
- 1974 - Jennifer Jones, Canadian curler
- 1975 – Nina Hoss, German actress
- 1975 - Richard Arkless, Scottish politician
From 1976
- 1976 - Vasily Petrenko, Russian conductor
- 1976 - Erciment Olgundeniz, Turkish athlete
- 1976 - Hamish Linklater, American actor
- 1980 – Michelle Kwan, American figure skater
- 1981 - Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Indian cricketer
- 1981 - Synyster Gates, American guitarist (Avenged Sevenfold)
- 1982 - George Owu, Ghanaian footballer
- 1983 - Justin Davies, Australian footballer
- 1983 - Jakob Poulsen, Danish footballer
- 1984 – Alberto Aquilani, Italian footballer
- 1985 - Brandon Rush, American basketball player
- 1986 - Ana Kasparian, American journalist and producer
- 1987 - Julianna Guill, American actress
- 1988 - Iban Rubin, American drummer
- 1988 - Kaci Brown, American singer
- 1988 - Jack Whitehall, English comedian and actor
- 1989 - Kim Bum, South Korean actor and singer
- 1991 - Alesso, Swedish DJ and producer
- 1992 - Toni Garrn, German model
- 1994 - Ashton Irwin, Australian singer, 5 Seconds of Summer.
- 1997 - Erina Ikuta, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
- 1998 - Dylan Sprayberry, American actor
- 2000 - Princess Purnika of Nepal
Deaths
Up to 1900
- 1162 – Haakon II of Norway (b. 1147)
- 1304 – Pope Benedict XI (b. 1240)
- 1307 – King Edward I of England (b. 1239)
- 1537 – Madeleine of Valois, French-born Queen Consort of James V of Scotland (b. 1520)
- 1647 - Thomas Hooker, English Puritan settler in Connecticut (b. 1586)
- 1718 - Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia (b. 1690)
- 1790 - Francois Hemsterhuis, Dutch philosopher (b. 1721)
- 1819 – Sophie Blanchard, French balloonist (b. 1778)
- 1865 - Conspirators in the Assassination of Abraham Lincoln:
- 1889 - Giovanni Bottesini, Italian composer, conductor and double-bass virtuoso (b. 1821)
- 1890 – Henri Nestlé, German confectioner and businessman (b. 1814)
1901 – 2000
- 1901 – Johanna Spyri, Swiss writer (b. 1827)
- 1922 - Cathal Brugha, Irish soldier and politician (b. 1874)
- 1930 – Arthur Conan Doyle, British writer (b. 1859)
- 1932 - Alexander Grin, Russian author (b. 1880)
- 1932 - Henry Eyster Jacobs, American theologian and educator (b. 1844)
- 1939 - Deacon White, American baseball player and manager (b. 1847)
- 1950 - Fats Navarro, American trumpeter and composer (b. 1923)
- 1954 - Idabelle Smith Firestone, American composer and songwriter (b. 1874)
- 1956 - Gottfried Benn, German author and poet (b. 1886)
- 1964 - Lillian Copeland, American discus thrower (b. 1904)
- 1965 – Moshe Sharett, Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1894)
- 1967 – Vivian Leigh, British actress (b. 1913)
- 1971 – Ub Iwerks, American artist, director, and cartoonist (b. 1901)
- 1972 – King Talal of Jordan (b. 1909)
- 1972 - Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople (b. 1886)
- 1973 - Max Horkheimer, German philosopher and sociologist (b. 1895)
- 1973 - Veronica Lake, American actress and singer (b. 1922)
- 1976 - Walter Giesler, American soccer player and referee (b. 1910)
- 1976 – Gustav Heinemann, President of Germany (b. 1899)
- 1978 - Francisco Mendes, 1st Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (b. 1933)
- 1983 – Herman Kahn, American futurologist (b. 1922)
- 1984 - Carl Bienish, American BASE jumper and cinematographer (b. 1941)
- 1987 - Germaine Thyssens-Valentin, Dutch-French pianist (b. 1902)
- 1990 – Bill Cullen, American game show host (b. 1920)
- 1990 - Cazuza, Brazilian singer-songwriter (b. 1958)
- 1992 - Josy Barthel, Luxembourgish athlete (b. 1927)
- 1993 - Mia Zapata, American singer-songwriter (b. 1965)
- 1994 - Carlo Chiti, Italian engineer (b. 1924)
- 1994 - Cameron Mitchell, American actor (b. 1918)
- 1998 - Lenore Romney, mother of Mitt Romney (b. 1908)
From 2001
- 2003 - Izhak Graziani, Bulgarian conductor (b. 1924)
- 2003 - Vlado Kristl, Croatian painter, animator and director (b. 1923)
- 2006 – Syd Barrett, British musician (b. 1946)
- 2006 – Rudi Carrell, Dutch singer and entertainer (b. 1934)
- 2008 - Giovanni Viola, Italian footballer (b. 1926)
- 2008 - Dorian Leigh, American model (b. 1917)
- 2012 - Mouss Diouf, French actor (b. 1964)
- 2012 - Leon Schlumpf, Swiss politician (b. 1925)
- 2013 - Anna Wing, English actress (b. 1914)
- 2014 - Peter Underwood, 27th Governor of Tasmania (b. 1937)
- 2014 - Eduard Shevardnadze, Soviet-Georgian politician, Soviet foreign minister and President of Georgia (b. 1928)
- 2014 - Andrew Mango, Turkish-British journalist (b. 1926)
- 2014 - Alfredo Di Stéfano, Argentine-Spanish footballer (b. 1926)
- 2014 - Dick Jones, American actor (b. 1927)
- 2015 - Maria Barroso, Portuguese actress and politician (b. 1925)
- 2015 - Fons van Wissen, Dutch footballer (b. 1933)
- 2016 - Sally Beauman, British writer (b. 1944)
- 2016 - James Gilbert, Scottish television producer (b. 1923)
- 2016 - Leonard Lee, Canadian businessman (b. 1938)
- 2016 - Cinna Lomnitz, German-born Chilean-Mexican geophysicist (b. 1925)
- 2016 - John O'Rourke, English footballer (b. 1945)
- 2016 - Wolfram Siebeck, German journalist and food critic (b. 1928)
- 2017 - Pam McConnell, Canadian politician (b. 1946)
- 2017 - Egil Monn-Iversen, Norwegian composer (b. 1928)
- 2017 - Jean-Pierre Bernard, French actor (b. 1933)
- 2017 - Pierrette Bloch, French-Swiss artist (b. 1928)
- 2017 - James B. Nutter Sr., American mortgage lender, philanthropist and power broker (b. 1928)
- 2017 - Marina Ratner, Russian-American mathematician (b. 1938)
- 2017 - Kenneth Silverman, American biographer (b. 1936)
- 2018 - William Dunlop, Northern Irish motorcyclist (b. 1985)
- 2018 - Hacène Lalmas, Algerian footballer (b. 1943)
- 2018 - Levko Lukyanenko, Ukrainian politician (b. 1928)
- 2018 - Firuz Mustafayev, Azerbaijani politician and former Prime minister of Azerbaijan (b. 1933)
Observances
- National Holiday of the Solomon Islands
- Tanabata Matsuri (Japan)
- San Fermín festival in Pamplona, northern Spain: the bull run takes place.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.