April 9
April 9 is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 266 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
Up to 1900
- 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum.
- 1241 - Battle of Liegnitz: Mongol Empire forces defeat the German and Polish armies.
- 1388 - Despite being outnumbered 16 to 1, forces of the Old Swiss Confederacy are victorious over the Archduchy of Austria in the Battle of Nafels.
- 1413 - King Henry V of England is crowned.
- 1440 - Christopher of Bavaria is appointed King of Denmark.
- 1454 - The Treaty of Lodi is signed, establishing a balance of power among the northern Italian city states for almost 50 years.
- 1511 - Saint John's College, Cambridge, receives its charter.
- 1609 - Eighty Years' War: Spain and the Dutch Republic sign the Treaty of Antwerp.
- 1682 - Robert Cavelier de La Salle discovers the mouth of the Mississippi River.
- 1860 - On his phonautograph machine, Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville makes the oldest-known recording of an audible human voice.
- 1865 – The American Civil War ends, as Confederate general Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia.
- 1867 – By a single vote, the United States Senate approves the treaty with Russia for the purchase of Russian America, present-day Alaska.
1901 – 2000
- 1914 - Mexican Revolution: One of the world's first naval/air skirmishes takes place off the coast of western Mexico.
- 1916 – World War I: Battle of Verdun - German forces launch their third offensive of the battle.
- 1917 - World War I: Battle of Arras - The battle begins when Canadian corps execute a massive assault on the Vimy Ridge.
- 1918 - The National Council of Bessarabia, in present-day Moldova, proclaims a union with Romania.
- 1939 – Marian Anderson sings at the Lincoln Memorial, after being denied the right to sing at Constitution Hall.
- 1940 – World War II: The Nazis invade Denmark and Norway.
- 1940 - World War II: Vidkun Quisling seizes power in Norway.
- 1942 - World War II: Bataan Death March - US forces surrender on the Bataan Peninsula.
- 1945 – World War II: The Battle of Königsberg, in East Prussia, ends.
- 1945 - The United States Atomic Energy Commission is formed.
- 1947 - The Glazier-Higgins-Woodward tornadoes kill 181 people in Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas.
- 1948 - President of Colombia Jorge Eliecer Gaitan is assassinated.
- 1948 - Fighters from the Irgun and Lehi Zionist paramilitary groups attack the Arab village of Deir Yassin near Jerusalem, killing over 100 people.
- 1952 - Hugo Gallivan's government is overthrown by the Bolivian National Revolution.
- 1957 – The Suez Canal opens to shipping.
- 1959 - Project Mercury: NASA announces the selection of the first seven US astronauts.
- 1961 - The Pacific Electric Railway in Los Angeles ends operations.
- 1963 – Winston Churchill becomes an honorary US citizen, becoming the first non-American to be given this honour.
- 1965 - The first indoor game of baseball is played.
- 1967 – The Boeing 737 makes its first flight.
- 1969 - The "Chicago Eight" plead not guilty to federal charges of conspiracy to incite a riot at the 1968 Democratic National Convention.
- 1975 - The first game of the Philippine Basketball Association is played.
- 1981 - United States Navy nuclear submarine USS George Washington (SSBN-598) accidentally collides with Nissho Maru, a Japanese cargo ship, sinking it.
- 1989 – April 9 tragedy: In Tbilisi, in the then-Soviet Republic of Georgia, a peaceful pro-independence demonstration is broken up by the Soviet army, killing 20 people, and injuring hundreds.
- 1991 – The Republic of Georgia, under Zviad Gamsakhurdia, declares independence from the Soviet Union.
- 1992 – The British Conservative Party under John Major, wins a fourth term in office in the United Kingdom, defeating Neil Kinnock of the Labour Party. Kinnock resigns shortly after.
- 1992 - A US Federal Court finds Panama's former military leader Manuel Noriega guilty of drug and racketeering offences.
- 1999 – Niger's President Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara is overthrown, and killed at Niamey airport.
From 2001
- 2003 – Baghdad falls to US forces, as Saddam Hussein's regime crumbles, while a statue of him is torn down in the centre of the city.
- 2005 – Charles, Prince of Wales marries Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall. Their wedding had been postponed from the previous day, for the funeral of Pope John Paul II.
- 2009 – In Tbilisi, 60,000 people gather to protest against the Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili.
- 2011 – Seven people, including the gunman, are killed in a shooting at a mall, in Alphen an den Rijn, in the Netherlands.
- 2013 - Thirteen people are shot dead in a shooting rampage in a village south of Belgrade, Serbia.
- 2013 - Uhuru Kenyatta is formally sworn in as President of Kenya.
- 2017 - 2017 Palm Sunday church bombings occur in Tanta and Alexandria, Egypt, killing 45 people.
- 2019 - An election is held for the Israeli Knesset, with Prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu looking for a record fifth term in office.
Births
Up to 1900
- 1283 – Margaret, Maid of Norway (d. 1290)
- 1336 – Tamerlane, also known as Timur, Turkic conqueror, in Transoxiana (d. 1405)
- 1498 - Jean, Cardinal of Lorraine (d. 1550)
- 1597 - John Davenport, English clergyman (d. 1670)
- 1686 - James Craggs the Younger, British politician (d. 1721)
- 1770 - Thomas Johann Seebeck, German physicist (d. 1831)
- 1773 – Étienne Aignan, translator, political writer, librettist, playwright, member of the Académie française (d. 1824)
- 1794 – Theobald Boehm, inventor of the modern flute.
- 1802 – Elias Lönnrot, Finnish physician and writer (d. 1884)
- 1806 – Isambard Kingdom Brunel, British engineer (d. 1859)
- 1816 - Charles-Eugene Delaunay, French mathematician and astronomer (d. 1872)
- 1817 - Alexander Thomson, Scottish architect (d. 1895)
- 1821 – Charles Baudelaire, French poet (d. 1867)
- 1830 – Eadweard Muybridge, English photographer, movie pioneer (d. 1904)
- 1834 - Edmond Laguerre, French mathematician (d. 1886)
- 1835 – King Leopold II of Belgium (d. 1909)
- 1846 - Paolo Tosti, Italian composer (d. 1916)
- 1848 – Helene Lange, German teacher (d. 1930)
- 1865 – Charles Proteus Steinmetz, German-born engineer and mathematician (d. 1923)
- 1865 - Adela Florence Nicolson, English poet (d. 1904)
- 1865 – Erich Ludendorff, German general in World War I (d. 1937)
- 1867 – Chris Watson, third Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1941)
- 1867 - Charles Winckler, Danish tug of war competitor (d. 1932)
- 1869 - Élie Cartan, French mathematician (d. 1951)
- 1872 – Léon Blum, Prime Minister of France (d. 1950)
- 1880 - Jan Letzel, Czech architect (d. 1925)
- 1882 - Frederick Francis IV, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (d. 1945)
- 1883 - Frank King, American cartoonist (d. 1969)
- 1888 – Sol Hurok, American impresario (d. 1974)
- 1889 – Efrem Zimbalist, Russian violinist (d. 1985)
- 1893 - Charles E. Burchfield, American painter (d. 1967)
- 1893 - Rahul Sankrityanan, Indian travel writer and scholar (d. 1962)
- 1895 - Michel Simon, French actor (d. 1975)
- 1897 – John B. Gambling, radio talk-show host (d. 1974)
- 1897 - Fred G. Aandahl, 23rd Governor of North Dakota (d. 1966)
- 1898 – Paul Robeson, American singer and political activist (d. 1976)
- 1898 – Curly Lambeau, American football coach, executive (d. 1965)
1901 – 1950
- 1902 - Theodore Monod, French naturalist, explorer and scholar (d. 2000)
- 1903 – Ward Bond, actor (d. 1960)
- 1904 – Sharkey Bonano, jazz musician (d. 1972)
- 1905 – J. William Fulbright, former Senator from Arkansas (d. 1995)
- 1906 - Hugh Gaitskell, British politician (d. 1963)
- 1906 - Rafaela Aparicio, Spanish actress (d. 1996)
- 1906 – Antal Dorati, Hungarian conductor (d. 1988)
- 1908 – Victor Vasarely, painter (d. 1997)
- 1910 – Abraham Ribicoff, American politician (d. 1998)
- 1912 – Lev Kopelev, Russian writer and humanist (d. 1997)
- 1914 - Koichi Oita, Japanese footballer (d. 1996)
- 1915 - Daniel Johnson, Sr., Canadian politician, 20th Premier of Quebec (d. 1968)
- 1917 – Brad Dexter, American actor (d. 2002)
- 1917 - Johannes Bobrowski, German poet (d. 1965)
- 1917 - Rolf Kauka, German comics creator and publisher (d. 2000)
- 1918 – Jørn Utzon, Danish architect (d. 2008)
- 1919 – J. Presper Eckert, inventor of the ENIAC computer (d. 1995)
- 1920 - Jorge Pacheco Areco, President of Uruguay (d. 1998)
- 1921 - Yitzhak Navon, 5th President of Israel (d. 2015)
- 1921 - Frankie Thomas, American actor (d. 2006)
- 1925 – Heinz Nixdorf, industrialist (d. 1985)
- 1925 - Virginia Gibson, American actress, singer and dancer (d. 2013)
- 1925 - Art Kane, American photographer (d. 1995)
- 1926 – Hugh Hefner, American editor and publisher (d. 2017)
- 1928 – Tom Lehrer, American musician, mathematician and satirist
- 1928 - Aubrey Woods, American actor and singer (d. 2013)
- 1929 - Manuel Jiménez de Parga, Spanish politician (d. 2014)
- 1930 - Wallace McCain, Canadian businessman (d. 2001)
- 1930 - Alphonse Alley, President of Benin (d. 1987)
- 1930 - Nathaniel Branden, Canadian-American psychologist (d. 2014)
- 1931 - Leone Frollo, Italian comic book artist (d. 2018)
- 1931 - Richard Hatfield, Canadian politician, 26th Premier of New Brunswick (d. 1991)
- 1932 – Carl Perkins, country and rockabilly musician (d. 1998)
- 1932 – Jim Fowler, American naturalist
- 1933 – Jean-Paul Belmondo, French actor
- 1933 - René Burri, Swiss photographer (d. 2014)
- 1935 – Avery Schreiber, actor (d. 2002)
- 1935 – Josef Fritzl, Austrian criminal
- 1936 - Valerie Solanas, American feminist writer (d. 1988)
- 1937 - Valerie Singleton, British television presenter
- 1937 – Marty Krofft, children's television producer
- 1938 - Aziz Asli, Iranian footballer (d. 2015)
- 1938 – Viktor Chernomyrdin, Russian politician (d. 2010)
- 1939 – Michael Learned, American actress
- 1940 - Jimmy Roberts, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2015)
- 1941 - Hannah Gordon, Scottish actress
- 1942 – Brandon De Wilde, American actor (d. 1972)
- 1942 - Petar Nadoveza, Croatian footballer
- 1945 – Peter Gammons, American baseball sportswriter, journalist
- 1945 - Steve Gadd, American musician
- 1946 - Sara Parkin, Scottish activist and politician
- 1948 - Jaya Bachchan, Indian actress and politician
- 1948 - Michel Parizeau, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
- 1948 - Patty Pravo, Italian singer
1951 – 1975
- 1952 - Jerzy Szmajdzinski, Polish politician (d. 2010)
- 1953 – Hal Ketchum, American country musician
- 1954 – Dennis Quaid, actor (The Right Stuff, Any Given Sunday, Traffic)
- 1954 – Iain Duncan Smith, British politician
- 1955 - Yanina Benguigui, French director and politician
- 1956 - Michael Hashim, American saxophonist
- 1956 - Miguel Angel Russo, Argentine footballer and coach
- 1956 - Marina Zueva, Russian ice dancer and coach
- 1957 – Seve Ballesteros, Spanish golfer (d. 2011)
- 1958 - Nigel Slater, English chef and cookery writer
- 1959 - Bernard Jenkin, English politician
- 1962 - Jeff Turner, American basketball player and broadcasting announcer
- 1963 - Marc Jacobs, American fashion designer
- 1964 - Doug Ducey, American politician, 23rd Governor of Arizona
- 1964 - Akihiro Nagashima, Japanese footballer
- 1965 - Paulina Porizkova, Czech-American actress and model
- 1965 – Jeff Zucker, American television executive
- 1965 - Mark Pellegrino, American actor
- 1966 - John Hammond, English weather presenter
- 1966 – Cynthia Nixon, American actress
- 1967 - Sam Harris, American philosopher and writer
- 1970 - Tricia Penrose, English actress and singer
- 1971 – Jacques Villeneuve, French-Canadian racing driver
- 1972 - Alain Berset, Swiss politician
- 1972 - Neve McIntosh, Scottish actress
- 1973 - Spencer Rice, Canadian actor, director, producer and screenwriter
- 1974 – Alexander Pichushkin, Russian serial killer
- 1974 – Jenna Jameson, American pornographic actress
- 1975 – Robbie Fowler, English footballer (soccer)
- 1975 - Balzhinima Tsyrempilov, Russian archer
From 1976
- 1977 – Gerard Way, American rock band frontman (My Chemical Romance)
- 1978 – Jorge Andrade, Portuguese footballer
- 1978 – Rachel Stevens, English singer
- 1979 – Keshia Knight Pulliam, American actress (Rudy Huxtable, The Cosby Show)
- 1979 – Mario Matt, Austrian skier
- 1979 - Albert Hammond, Jr., American guitarist (The Strokes)
- 1980 – Jerko Leko, Croatian footballer
- 1980 - Isabelle Severino, French gymnast and actress
- 1980 - Rachel Specter, American actress
- 1981 - Ireneusz Jelen, Polish footballer
- 1981 – Eric Harris, one of the gunmen at Columbine (d. April 20 1999)
- 1981 - Albin Pelak, Bosnian footballer
- 1982 - Jay Maruchel, Canadian actor, filmmaker and musician
- 1985 - Antonio Nocerino, Italian footballer
- 1985 – Nichole Arsenault, model
- 1986 - Leighton Meester, American actress
- 1986 - Brian Larsen, American singer, musician and record producer
- 1987 – Jesse McCartney, American actor and singer
- 1990 – Kristen Stewart, American actress
- 1998 – Elle Fanning, American actress
- 1999 - Isaac Hempstead Wright, English actor
- 2000 – Jackie Evancho, American singer
Deaths
Up to 1900
- 585 - Emperor Jimmu of Japan
- 93 - Yuan An, Chinese statesman
- 436 - Tan Daoji, Chinese statesman
- 491 – Zeno, Byzantine Emperor
- 654 - Matei Basarab, Romanian prince (b. 1588)
- 715 – Pope Constantine
- 1024 – Pope Benedict VIII
- 1137 – William X, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 1099)
- 1483 – King Edward IV of England (b. 1442)
- 1484 – Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales (b. 1473)
- 1492 - Lorenzo de' Medici, Italian statesman (b. 1449)
- 1553 – François Rabelais, French writer
- 1557 – Mikael Agricola, Finnish scholar (b. 1510)
- 1626 – Sir Francis Bacon, English philosopher, statesman, and essayist (b. 1561)
- 1693 – Roger de Rabutin, Comte de Bussy, French writer (b. 1618)
- 1739 – Nicolas Saunderson, English scientist and mathematician (b. 1682)
- 1747 – Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat, Scottish clan chief
- 1754 – Christian Wolff, German philosopher (b. 1679)
- 1761 – William Law, English minister (b. 1686)
- 1768 - Sarah Fielding, British writer (b. 1710)
- 1804 – Jacques Necker, French statesman (b. 1732)
- 1806 – William V of Orange, Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic
- 1872 - Erastus Corning, American businessman and politician (b. 1794)
- 1876 - Charles Goodyear, American politician (b. 1804)
- 1882 - Dante Gabriel Rossetti, English painter, illustrator and poet (b. 1828)
- 1889 – Michel Eugène Chevreul, French chemist (b. 1786)
1901 – 2000
- 1917 – James Hope Moulton, English scholar of Classical Greek (b. 1863)
- 1936 – Ferdinand Tönnies, German sociologist (b. 1855)
- 1940 – Mrs. Patrick Campbell, English actress (b. 1865)
- 1944 – Evgeniya Rudneva, Russian World War II heroine (executed) (b. 1920)
- 1945 - German resistance activists executed:
- 1948 – Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, Colombian politician (b. 1903).
- 1948 - George Carpenter, 5th General of the Salvation Army (b. 1872)
- 1959 – Frank Lloyd Wright, American architect (b. 1867)
- 1961 – King Zog of Albania (b. 1895)
- 1963 – Eddie Edwards, American jazz trombonist (b. 1891)
- 1970 - Gustaf Tenggren, Swedish-American illustrator (b. 1896)
- 1976 – Phil Ochs, American singer (b. 1940)
- 1980 - Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, Iraqi cleric and philosopher (b. 1935)
- 1982 - Wilfrid Pelletier, Canadian conductor (b. 1896)
- 1988 – Brook Benton, American actor (b. 1931)
- 1991 – Martin Hannett, record producer (b. 1948)
- 1996 – Richard Condon, American novelist (b. 1915)
- 1996 – James W. Rouse, American real estate developer, activist, and philanthropist (b. 1914)
- 1997 – Laura Nyro, American singer and songwriter (b. 1947)
- 1999 – Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, Niger politician and general (b. 1949)
From 2001
- 2001 – Willie Stargell, American baseball player (b. 1940)
- 2002 – Leopold Vietoris, Austrian mathematician (b. 1891)
- 2002 - Pat Flaherty, American racing driver (b. 1926)
- 2004 - Harry Babbitt, American singer (b. 1933)
- 2005 – Andrea Dworkin, American feminist and writer (b. 1946)
- 2009 - Nick Adenhart, American baseball player (b. 1986)
- 2010 – Meinhardt Raabe, American actor (b. 1915)
- 2011 – Sidney Lumet, American movie director (b. 1924)
- 2011 – Daniel Catan, Mexican composer (b. 1949)
- 2013 - Paolo Soleri, Italian-American architect (b. 1919)
- 2014 - A. N. R. Robinson, 3rd President of Trinidad and Tobago (b. 1926)
- 2014 - Norman Girvan, Jamaican economist, educator and politician (b. 1941)
- 2014 - Jos Chabert, Belgian politician (b. 1933)
- 2015 - Nina Companeez, French movie director and screenwriter (b. 1937)
- 2015 - Paul Almond, Canadian moviemaker (b. 1931)
- 2015 - Alexander Dalgarno, British physicist (b. 1928)
- 2015 - John Toohey, Australian judge (b. 1930)
- 2016 - Arthur Anderson, American voice actor (b. 1922)
- 2016 - Duane Clarridge, American spy (b. 1932)
- 2016 - Tony Conrad, American musician, composer, video artist and professor (b. 1940)
- 2016 - Juris Ekmanis, Latvian academic (b. 1941)
- 2016 - Will Smith, American football player (b. 1981)
- 2017 - Knut Borge, Norwegian journalist (b. 1949)
- 2017 - Peter Hansen, American actor (b. 1921)
- 2017 - Harry Huskey, American computer scientist (b. 1916)
- 2017 - Kim Young-ae, South Korean actress (b. 1951)
- 2017 - Dieter Kottysch, German boxer (b. 1943)
- 2017 - John Clarke, New Zealand-Australian novelist, actor, screenwriter, comedian and satirist (b. 1948)
- 2017 - Carme Chacón, Spanish politician (b. 1971)
- 2017 - Jean Périmony, French actor and theatre director (b. 1931)
- 2018 - Felix Chen, Taiwanese conductor (b. 1942)
- 2018 - Edelgard Huber von Gersdorff, German supercentenarian (b. 1905)
- 2019 - Richard E. Cole, American Air Force officer (b. 1915)
- 2019 - Nikolai Gorbachev, Belarussian sprint canoeist (b. 1948)
- 2019 - Leif Haraldseth, Norwegian trade unionist and politician (b. 1929)
- 2019 - James D. Hudnall, American comic book writer (b. 1957)
- 2019 - K. M. Mani, Indian politician (b. 1933)
- 2019 - Marilynn Smith, American golfer (b. 1929)
- 2019 - Charles Van Doren, American educator, writer and television quiz show contestant (b. 1926)
- 2021 - Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, member of the British royal family and consort of Queen Elizabeth II (b.1921)
Observances
- Martyrs' Day (Tunisia)
- Day of National Unity in Georgia
- Day of the Finnish language
- Day of Valour (Philippines)
- Constitution Day (Kosovo)
- Vimy Ridge Day (Canada)
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