1770s

The 1770s (pronounced "seventeen-seventies") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1770, and ended on December 31, 1779. A period full of discoveries, breakthroughs happened in all walks of life, as what emerged at this period brought life to most innovations we know today.

From top left, clockwise: Englishmen and sailor James Cook concludes his inaugural and embarks on his second voyage, leaving a trail of significant milestones along its way such as the discovery of New Caledonia, Australia, Tahiti, the Antarctic Circle, and becoming the first humans to witness Antarctic waters as pictured; The United States Declaration of Independence was unanimously signed and adopted by the Second Continental Congress, announcing the colonies' intention to separate from Great Britain; Company rule in India establishes governance over India for the first time at Calcutta, giving way for British colonialism over the Indian subcontinent, and eventually Western imperialism in Asia; Nitrogen gas was isolated from air by Scottish scientist Daniel Rutherford; Amazing Grace was sung for the first time as a hymn in Buckinghamshire, England at 1773; Chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele made several breakthroughs in chemistry by discovering five chemical elements, namely oxygen (1771), barium (1772), chlorine (1774), manganese (1774), and molybdenum (1778); The Boston Tea Party protest precipitates anti-British sentiment in the Thirteen Colonies, and subsequently the American Revolutionary War; A Russo-Turkish War lead to now-Russia's first occupation of Crimea; initiating Russia's influence over Crimea that has since persisted today.

From nations such as the United States, birthed through hardships such as the American Revolutionary War and altercations akin to the Boston Tea Party, spheres of influence such as the Russian Empire's sphere from its victorious Crimean claims at the Russo-Turkish War, the Industrial Revolution, and populism, their influence remains omnipresent to this day.

New lands south of the Equator were discovered and settled by Europeans like James Cook, expanding the horizons of a New World to new reaches such as Australia and French Polynesia. Deepened philosophical studies led to the publication of works such as Adam Smith's "The Wealth of Nations", whose concepts influence much of modern socio-economic thought, and sowed the seeds to the global incumbent neoliberal world order. Studies on chemistry and politics deepen to forge the Age of Reason for centuries to come.

Events

1770

January March

AprilJune

July September

OctoberDecember

Date unknown

1771

January March

AprilJune

  • April 4 The first quarantines are started in Moscow and Saint Petersburg to fight the bubonic plague epidemic. Over the next 12 months, more than 52,000 people die from the plague in Moscow alone.[18]
  • May Three battles of Sarbakusa: An alliance of three of the most powerful aristocrats of Ethiopia (Goshu of Amhara, Wand Bewossen, and Fasil of Damot) defeats Ras Mikael Sehul and Emperor Tekle Haymanot II, taking control of Ethiopia.
  • May 11 War of the Regulation: North Carolina Governor William Tryon marches his military out of Hillsborough, to come to the aid of General Hugh Waddell's beleaguered forces. Tryon's army stops at Alamance Creek, 5 miles (8.0 km) away from the Regulator army.
  • May 16 War of the Regulation Battle of Alamance: Regulators reject an appeal by Governor Tryon to peacefully disperse. Governor Tryon's forces crush the rebellion, causing many Regulators to move to frontier areas outside of North Carolina.
  • May 23 Battle of Lanckorona: A force of 4,000 Russians under Alexander Suvorov defeat a Polish formation of 1,300 men.
  • June 11 — The Society of Gentlemen Supporters of the Bill of Rights meets in the London Tavern and changes its platform to a comprehensive program for British parliamentary reform in advance of the next election.[19]

JulySeptember

OctoberDecember

  • October 9 The Dutch merchant ship Vrouw Maria sinks off the coast of Finland; Captain Raymund Lourens and his crew escape unharmed.
  • October 17 The opera Ascanio in Alba by Wolfgang Mozart, age 15, premieres in Milan.
  • November 3 Siamese conquest of Ha Tien ends the Siamese civil war of 1767-71.
  • November 16 During the night the River Tyne, England, floods, destroying many bridges and killing several people; the replacement main bridge at Newcastle upon Tyne will not be completed until 1781.
  • December 3 The cause of action in Sommersett's Case, which eventually leads to the end of slavery in Great Britain, begins when escaped slave James Somerset is found imprisoned on the ship Ann and Mary.[22]
  • December 31 Men, women and children of the Choctaw and Chickasaw tribes begin a 23-day encampment at Mobile, part of the British colony of West Florida, at the invitation of British Southern Indian superintendent John Stuart, as their leaders negotiate a treaty.[23]

Date unknown

1772

JanuaryMarch

AprilJune

JulySeptember

OctoberDecember

Date unknown

  • Scottish scientist Daniel Rutherford discovers nitrogen gas, isolating it from air.[39]
  • Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, demands that all bodies remain unburied for three days to ensure that death has actually taken place.[40]

1773

JanuaryMarch

AprilJune

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

1774

Chesma Column in Tsarskoe Selo, commemorating the end of the Russo-Turkish War.

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

  • October 10
  • October 14 – The Continental Congress in America adopts the Declaration of Rights and Resolves, with 10 principles.[59]
  • October 20 – The First Continental Congress passes the Continental Association, a colony-wide boycotting of British goods. Theater performances in the American colonies are also halted, on the Congress's recommendation that the member colonies "discountenance and discourage all horse racing and all kinds of gaming, cock fighting, exhibitions of shows, plays, and other expensive diversions and entertainments."[59]
  • October 21 – The word Liberty is first displayed on a flag raised by colonists in Taunton, Massachusetts, in defiance of British rule in Colonial America.
  • October 25 – The Edenton Tea Party takes place in North Carolina, marking the first major gathering of women in support of the American cause.
  • October 26 – The first Continental Congress adjourns in Philadelphia.
  • November 4 – The Maryland Jockey Club follows a recommendation of the Continental Congress and cancels its race schedule. The decision sets a precedent for other jockey clubs in the colonies, and no major races are held until the end of the American Revolution.[62]
  • November 10 – 1774 British general election: Voting for the House of Commons concludes in Great Britain, and Lord North retains the office of Prime Minister as his Tory coalition wins 343 of the 558 seats. Henry Seymour Conway's Whig Party wins the other 215 seats.
  • November 15 – The government of the Republic of Venice allows adventurer and ladies' man Giacomo Casanova to return home after a 17-year absence.[63]
  • November 20Daniel Boone retires from the Virginia colonial militia in order to devote his full time to establishing a settlement in Kentucky.[64]
  • November 25 – Salawat Yulayev, the leader of the Bashkirs rebellion against the Russian government, is captured, bringing an end to the insurrection.[65]
  • November 26 – English chemist Joseph Priestley becomes the first person to discover and identify sulfur dioxide.[66]
  • November 27 – Spanish Navy Captain Domingo de Bonechea arrives at Tahiti in the ship Aguila and tries unsuccessfully to claim it for Spain and to convert the Tahitians to the Roman Catholic faith.[67]
  • November 30
    • Parliament adjourns in Great Britain, but declines to authorize any action against the rebellious American colonies, despite an address the day before by King George III and Prime Minister North.[68]
    • Thomas Paine, a native of England, arrives in America at the age 37 and soon becomes an influential advocate for the colonies' independence.[69]
  • December 1 – A boycott called by the Continental Congress goes into effect, as participating merchants and supporters cease the importation or consumption of products from Great Britain, Ireland or the British West Indies.[70]
  • December 6 – Archduchess Maria Theresa, the ruler of Austria, Hungary and Croatia, signs the General School Ordinance providing for education for both males and females and setting compulsory education for children aged six through 12.[71]
  • December 9 – The two month long Siege of Melilla begins as armies led by the Sultan of Morocco, Mohammed ben Abdallah, attack the North African Spanish colony of Melilla (which remains a part of Spain into the 21st century).[72]
  • December 23 – King Louis XVI of France issues a declaration that, for the first time, protects "the free commerce of meat during Lent" to support the needs of "the poor whose infirmity requires them to eat meat."[73]

Date unknown

1775

Summary

The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement on April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's ride. The Second Continental Congress took various steps toward organizing an American government, appointing George Washington commander-in-chief (June 14), Benjamin Franklin postmaster general (July 26) and creating a Continental Navy (October 13) and a Marine force (November 10) as landing troops for it, but as yet the 13 colonies have not declared independence, and both the British (June 12) and American (July 15) governments make laws. On July 6, Congress issues the Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms and on August 23, King George III of Great Britain declares the American colonies in rebellion, announcing it to Parliament on November 10. On June 17, two months into the colonial siege of Boston, at the Battle of Bunker Hill, just north of Boston, British forces are victorious, but only after suffering severe casualties and after Colonial forces run out of ammunition, Fort Ticonderoga is taken by American forces in New York Colony's northern frontier, and American forces unsuccessfully invade Canada, with an attack on Montreal defeated by British forces on November 13 and an attack on Quebec repulsed December 31.

Human knowledge and mastery over nature advanced when James Watt built a successful prototype of a steam engine, and a scientific expedition continued as Captain James Cook claims the South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands in the south Atlantic Ocean for Britain. Nature's power over humanity is dramatically demonstrated when the Independence Hurricane (August 29 – September 13) devastates the east coast of North America, killing 4,173, and when, on the western side of the North American continent, Tseax Cone erupts in the future British Columbia, as well as when a smallpox epidemic begins in New England. Smallpox vaccine was then developed by Edward Jenner. There is no cure for smallpox.

January–June

July–December

August 18: Tucson is founded.

Date unknown

1776

JanuaryFebruary

MarchApril

MayJune

JulyAugust

SeptemberOctober

September 22: British hang spy Nathan Hale in New York City.

NovemberDecember

Date unknown

1777

JanuaryMarch

AprilJune

June 14: US Flag (had various star patterns)

JulyDecember

Date unknown

  • The code duello is adopted at the Clonmel Summer Assizes as the form for pistol duels by gentlemen in Ireland. It is quickly denounced, but nevertheless widely adopted throughout the English-speaking world.
  • Kunsthochschule Kassel is founded in Germany as a fine arts academy.
  • Det Dramatiske Selskab is founded in Copenhagen (Denmark) as an acting academy.
  • George II Frederic is crowned as king of the Miskito Kingdom.

1778

JanuaryMarch

AprilJune

JulySeptember

OctoberDecember

  • October 12 The Continental Congress advises the 13 member states to suppress "theatrical entertainments, horse-racing, gaming, and such other diversions as are productive of idleness, dissipation, and general depravity of principles and manners."[102]
November 26: Captain Cook lands on Maui.

Undated

  • The first settlement is made in the area of modern-day Louisville, Kentucky, by 13 families under Colonel George Rogers Clark.
  • Phillips Academy is founded in Massachusetts by Samuel Phillips Jr.
  • The term thoroughbred is first used in the United States, in an advertisement in a Kentucky gazette, to describe a New Jersey stallion called Pilgarlick.
  • Thomas Kitchin's The Present State of the West-Indies: Containing an Accurate Description of What Parts Are Possessed by the Several Powers in Europe is published in London.[109]
  • The city of Ulaanbaatar is settled at its present location, having functioned as a mobile monastic settlement since 1639.

1779

JanuaryMarch

AprilJune

JulySeptember

OctoberDecember

Date unknown

Births

1770

  • December 17 (bapt.) Ludwig van Beethoven, German classical composer (d. 1827)
  • December 18 Nicolas Joseph Maison, Marshal of France, Minister of War (d. 1840)

1771

1772

1773

Robert Fullerton

1774

Pietro Giordani born 1 January
Anna Bunina born 7 January
William Stewart born 10 January
Tryphosa Jane Wallis born 11 January
William Blake (economist) born 31 January
Edward Cross (zoo proprietor) born 3 February
Valentin Stanič born 12 February
Roswell Weston born 24 February
David Semyonovich Abamelik born 10 March
Johann Caspar Horner born 12 March
Sophie Thalbitzer born 15 April
Franz Hegi born 16 April
Anna Gottlieb born 29 April
Samuel Owen (engineer) born 12 May
Friederike von Reden born 12 May
Joseph Bouchette born 14 May
Johann Nepomuk von Fuchs born 15 May
Henry Philip Hope born 8 June
Carl Haller von Hallerstein born 10 June
Pavel Alexandrovich Stroganov born 18 June
Princess Amalie of Hesse-Homburg born 29 June
Marcia Arbuthnot born 9 July
Axel Otto Mörner born 11 July
Charles de Graimberg born 30 July
Diodata Saluzzo Roero born 31 July
Ludvig Frederik Brock born 20 August
Anton Ludwig Ernst Horn born 24 August
Johnny Appleseed born 26 September
Adolf Müllner born 18 October
Sarah Thompson, Countess Rumford born 18 October
Ignaz Heinrich von Wessenberg born 4 November
Vasile Moga born 19 November
Elisabeth Canori Mora born 21 November
Peter Frederik Wulff born 26 November
William Henry (chemist) born 12 December
Eline Heger born 13 December
  • January 1
    • Lancelot Baugh Allen, Master of Dulwich College (d. 1845)
    • André Marie Constant Duméril, French zoologist (d. 1860)
    • Pietro Giordani, Italian writer (d. 1848)
    • James Johnson, U.S. Representative from Kentucky (d. 1826)
    • William Piper, American politician (d. 1852)
  • January 2 Thomas Lynn, British soldier (d. 1847)
  • January 3 Juan Aldama, Jugador de Beisbole (d. 1811)
  • January 4
    • Volant Vashon Ballard, Royal Navy admiral (d. 1832)
    • Edward Dubois, English wit and man of letters (d. 1850)
    • William M. Richardson, American jurist and politician (d. 1838)
  • January 5 George Chinnery, British artist (d. 1852)
  • January 6
    • Ole Elias Holck, officer, father of the Constitution of Norway, member of Stortinget (d. 1842)
    • James McCall, American politician (d. 1856)
  • January 7
    • Anna Bunina, Russian poet (d. 1829)
    • Samuel D. Purviance, American politician (d. 1806)
  • January 8 John Gibbons, English amateur cricketer (d. 1844)
  • January 10
    • Augustin de Macarty, American politician (d. 1844)
    • Jean-Baptiste Muiron, French Army officer (d. 1796)
    • William Stewart, British military officer (d. 1827)
  • January 11
    • Antoine Drouot, French general (d. 1847)
    • Charles Henry Schwanfelder, British artist (d. 1837)
    • Tryphosa Jane Wallis, English actress (d. 1848)
  • January 12 William Cahoon, American politician (d. 1833)
  • January 14 Benjamin Aislabie, cricketer (d. 1842)
  • January 16 Daniel Evans, Welsh Independent minister (d. 1835)
  • January 17
  • January 18
    • Moses I. Cantine, American politician (d. 1823)
    • James Millingen, British archaeologist (d. 1845)
  • January 19
    • Edward Protheroe, British politician (d. 1856)
    • Samuel Campbell Rowley, naval officer and politician (d. 1846)
  • January 20 Charles George Beauclerk, British Member of Parliament (d. 1845)
  • January 21 William Kenrick, English lawyer and politician (d. 1829)
  • January 22 Francesco Fuoco, Italian philologist, economist and Catholic priest (d. 1841)
  • January 23 Richard Southgate, American politician (d. 1857)
  • January 24
    • Carl Abraham Arfwedson, Swedish silk merchant (d. 1861)
    • Arnold Timothée de Lasaulx, Belgian politician (d. 1863)
  • January 25 Jules-Paul Pasquier, French jurist (d. 1858)
  • January 29
    • Olinthus Gregory, British astronomer (d. 1841)
    • Sir Robert Shaw, 1st Baronet, British politician (d. 1849)
  • January 30 Samuel Butler, English classical scholar and schoolmaster (d. 1839)
  • January 31
    • William Blake, British economist; (d. 1852)
    • William George Maton, English physician (d. 1835)
    • Thomas Veazey, American politician (d. 1842)
    • Phineas Waller, Pennsylvanian farmer and landowner (d. 1859)
  • February 1
    • John Douglas, Tory politician, died 1838 (d. 1838)
    • Ferdinánd Pálffy, Austrian theatre manager (d. 1840)
  • February 2 Susan Montagu, Duchess of Manchester, British noble (d. 1828)
  • February 3
    • Edward Cross, British zookeeper (d. 1854)
    • Karl Mollweide, German mathematician (d. 1825)
  • February 4 Frederick Traugott Pursh, German-American botanist (d. 1820)
  • February 5 Juan Fermín de San Martín, Spanish military personnel (d. 1822)
  • February 6 Henry Bates Grubb, American ironmaster and businessman (d. 1823)
  • February 7 Frederik Christian Kielsen, Danish naturalist (d. 1850)
  • February 8
    • Karl Friedrich Heinrich, German classical philologist (d. 1838)
    • Samuel Moore, American politician (d. 1861)
    • Francisco de Paula Vieira da Silva de Tovar, 1st Viscount of Molelos, Portuguese general (d. 1852)
  • February 9
    • William Lattimore, American physician and politician (d. 1843)
    • Juan José Viamonte, Argentine general (d. 1843)
  • February 11
    • Maxim Gauci, Maltese painter and lithographer (d. 1854)
    • Hans Järta, Swedish politician, civil servant and administrator (d. 1847)
  • February 12 Valentin Stanič, Austrian teacher (d. 1847)
  • February 13
    • Robert Curzon, British Member of Parliament (d. 1863)
    • Thomas Myers, British mathematician (d. 1834)
  • February 15 Prince Frederick of Orange-Nassau, Dutch prince (d. 1799)
  • February 16
    • Étienne Guy, Canadian politician, surveyor and militia officer (d. 1820)
    • Pierre Rode, French violinist and composer (d. 1830)
  • February 17
    • Mykhailo Levytsky, Metropolitan of Lviv (d. 1858)
    • Raphaelle Peale, painter from the United States (d. 1825)
  • February 18 William Clark, farmer, jurist, and politician from Dauphin, Pennsylvania (d. 1851)
  • February 24
    • Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, British and Hanoverian Royal (d. 1850)
    • Archibald Constable, Scottish printer and publisher (d. 1827)
    • Perley Keyes, American politician (d. 1834)
    • Robert S. Rose, American politician (d. 1835)
    • Alexander Wilmot Schomberg, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1850)
    • Roswell Weston, American lawyer and politician (d. 1861)
  • February 25 George Gore, Anglican priest in Ireland (d. 1844)
  • February 26
    • Joseph Bédard, Canadian politician (d. 1832)
    • William Farquhar, first British Resident and Commandant of colonial Singapore (d. 1839)
    • Richard Rouse, public servant and settler (d. 1852)
  • February 27 Thomas Vasse, sea explorer (d. 1801)
  • February 28
    • Chamaraja Wodeyar IX, King of Mysore (d. 1796)
    • Thomas Tooke, British economist (d. 1858)
  • March 1
    • Magdalene of Canossa, Italian Religious Sister and foundress (d. 1835)
    • Matthias B. Tallmadge, United States federal judge (d. 1819)
  • March 2
    • Jean-Siméon Domon, French soldier (d. 1830)
    • Armand Charles Guilleminot, French general during the Napoleonic wars (d. 1840)
  • March 4 Joseph Hamilton Daveiss, American politician (d. 1811)
  • March 5 Christoph Ernst Friedrich Weyse, Danish composer (d. 1842)
  • March 7 Daniel Arnoldi, German Canadian physician (d. 1849)
  • March 9
  • March 10 David Semyonovich Abamelik, Russian-Armenian general-major (d. 1833)
  • March 12
    • Johann Caspar Horner, Swiss mathematician (d. 1834)
    • John Scott, English engraver (d. 1827)
    • Eva Unander, Swedish librarian (d. 1836)
  • March 13
  • March 14
    • Helena Margaretha Van Dielen, Dutch painter (d. 1841)
    • Jedediah Morgan, American politician (d. 1826)
  • March 15
    • John Conrad Otto, American physician (d. 1844)
    • Salomon Soldin, Jewish-Danish bookseller (d. 1837)
    • Isaac Weld, Irish writer, explorer and artist (d. 1856)
  • March 16
    • Captain Matthew Flinders, English navigator and cartographer (d. 1814)
    • Jethro Wood, inventor of a cast-iron moldboard plow with replaceable parts (d. 1834)
  • March 19 Franz von Paula Gruithuisen, Bavarian physician and astronomer (d. 1852)
  • March 20 Alexandra Petrovna Golitsyna, maid of honour and historian (d. 1842)
  • March 21 George Scovell, British Army general (d. 1861)
  • March 24 Jean-Louis-Auguste Loiseleur-Deslongchamps, French botanist (d. 1849)
  • March 25
    • Thomas Brand, 20th Baron Dacre, British politician (d. 1851)
    • Thomas Spalding, American politician (d. 1851)
  • March 28 William Williams, British Member of Parliament (d. 1839)
  • March 30
    • Nathaniel Peabody, Boston (d. 1855)
    • Claudine Thévenet, French Catholic religious sister (d. 1837)
  • March 31
    • Enos Bronson, American writer (d. 1823)
    • Karl Gottfried Erdmann, German author and botanist (d. 1835)
  • April 1
    • Gottfried Daniel Krummacher, German clergyman (d. 1837)
    • Gustav von Rauch, Prussian general (d. 1841)
    • Therese Rosenbaum, Austrian opera singer (d. 1837)
  • April 5 Thomas Potter, British politician (d. 1845)
  • April 6
    • José de Córdoba y Rojas, Spanish admiral (d. 1810)
    • Marmaduke Williams, American politician (d. 1850)
  • April 7
    • Joseph Bailly, fur trader and pioneer from Canada (d. 1835)
    • Robert William Elliston, British actor (d. 1831)
    • Abner Kneeland, United States theologian (d. 1844)
  • April 8
    • Kaspar Anton Karl van Beethoven, brother of Ludwig van Beethoven (d. 1815)
    • Jean-Pierre Dellard, French general (d. 1832)
    • James William Freshfield, English lawyer and founder of the law firm Freshfields (d. 1864)
  • April 9 John Stanly, American politician (d. 1834)
  • April 11
    • Michele Carrascosa, Italian politician (d. 1853)
    • Conrad Hinrich Donner, German banker and art collector (d. 1854)
    • Lawrence Augustine Washington, Nephew of George Washington (d. 1824)
  • April 12
    • Johann Baptist Krebs, German writer and director (d. 1851)
    • Leffert Lefferts, the first President of the Long Island Bank, the first bank in Brooklyn, New York (d. 1847)
  • April 13 John W. Mulligan, attorney, U.S. Consul in Athens, Greece (d. 1862)
  • April 15 Sophie Thalbitzer, Danish writer (d. 1851)
  • April 16
    • George Bennet, English missionary (d. 1841)
    • Franz Hegi, Swiss artist (d. 1850)
  • April 17
  • April 18
  • April 19 Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer, German writer (d. 1845)
  • April 21
    • Jean-Louis Aumer, French ballet dancer and choreographer (d. 1833)
    • Jean-Baptiste Biot, French physicist, astronomer and mathematician (d. 1862)
    • Philibert Jean-Baptiste Curial, French general (d. 1829)
  • April 23 Francis Austen, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1865)
  • April 24 Jean Marc Gaspard Itard, French physician (d. 1838)
  • April 25 Friedrich Wilhelm von Lepel, Prussian major general and adjutant to Prince Henry of Prussia (d. 1840)
  • April 26
  • April 28
    • Francis Baily, British astronomer (d. 1844)
    • Henrietta Bentinck, Duchess of Portland, British noble (d. 1844)
    • James Deacon Hume, British economist (d. 1842)
    • Owen Biddle Jr., American architect (d. 1806)
    • Manuel Piar, Venezuelan general (d. 1817)
  • April 29
    • Louis Pierre Aimé Chastel, French officer (d. 1826)
    • Anna Gottlieb, Austrian singer (d. 1856)
    • David Hoadley, American architect (d. 1839)
    • Richard Sass, British artist (d. 1849)
  • April 30 John Yelloly, English doctor (d. 1842)
  • May 1
    • John Reeves, English naturalist (d. 1856)
    • Robert Watt, Scottish physician and bibliographer (d. 1819)
  • May 2
    • George Lewis, Royal Marines officer (d. 1854)
    • Ichijō Tadayoshi, Japanese kugyō (court noble) of the Edo period (d. 1837)
  • May 4
    • Samuel W. Bridgham, Rhode Island politician (d. 1840)
    • Rufus Easton, American politician (d. 1834)
  • May 5
    • Robert Barrie, British naval officer (d. 1841)
    • Nicolas Hyacinthe Gautier, French officer (d. 1809)
  • May 6
    • Pierce Butler, British politician (d. 1846)
    • John Elias, Welsh writer and preacher (d. 1841)
    • Christoph von Lieven, Russian general and prince (d. 1839)
  • May 7
  • May 11 James Townley, English Wesleyan minister and author (d. 1833)
  • May 12
    • Ellis Cunliffe Lister, British politician (d. 1853)
    • Samuel Owen, British-Swedish engineer (d. 1854)
    • Friederike von Reden, German noblewoman, philanthropist and salon-holder (d. 1854)
  • May 14
    • Joseph Bouchette, Canadian surveyor (d. 1841)
    • Thomas Pakenham, 2nd Earl of Longford, Anglo-Irish peer (d. 1835)
  • May 15 Johann Nepomuk von Fuchs, German chemist and mineralogist (d. 1856)
  • May 16 Johann Baptist von Keller, Roman Catholic bishop (d. 1845)
  • May 18 Gaetano Rossi, Italian librettist (d. 1855)
  • May 21
    • Claude Antoine Compère, French general (d. 1812)
    • Jean-Henry-Louis Greffulhe, French private banker and politician (d. 1820)
  • May 22
    • James Bennett, British minister (d. 1862)
    • Levi Cutter, American businessman politician (d. 1856)
  • May 24
    • Sir Charles Burrell, 3rd Baronet, English Conservative politician (d. 1862)
    • Stuart Corbett, Archdeacon of York (d. 1845)
    • Francis Magan, United Irishman, barrister and informer (d. 1843)
  • May 25
    • Isaach Isaachsen, Norwegian politician (d. 1828)
    • John Pye-Smith, English theologian (d. 1851)
  • May 26 Jean-Nicolas Curély, French cavalry officer (d. 1827)
  • May 27 Francis Beaufort, Irish hydrographer and naval officer (d. 1857)
  • May 28 Edward Charles Howard, British chemist (d. 1816)
  • June 1
    • Pryse Pryse, British Whig politician (d. 1849)
    • Ferdinand Weerth, German theologian (d. 1836)
  • June 2 William Lawson, English-born Australian explorer and politician (d. 1850)
  • June 3
  • June 5
    • Louis Victorin Cassagne, French officer (d. 1841)
    • Charles Bulkeley Egerton, British Army general (d. 1857)
  • June 6
    • Sir John D'Oyly, 1st Baronet, of Kandy, British colonial administrator (d. 1824)
    • János Nepomuk Farkas, Hungarian politician (d. 1847)
    • Étienne Soulange-Bodin, French agronomist (d. 1846)
  • June 8 Henry Philip Hope, Anglo-Dutch art and gem collector (d. 1839)
  • June 9
    • Pierre-Athanase Chauvin, French painter (d. 1832)
    • Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Austrian orientalist (d. 1856)
    • Edward King, Royal Navy officer (d. 1807)
    • Nathaniel Upham, American politician (d. 1829)
    • Christopher Wordsworth, English divine and scholar (d. 1846)
  • June 10
    • George Dollond, British astronomer (d. 1852)
    • Carl Haller von Hallerstein, German architect (d. 1817)
  • June 11
    • Christian Conrad Danneskiold-Samsøe, Danish aristocrat, magistrate and businessman (d. 1823)
    • George Suttor, farmer and pioneer settler in New South Wales, Australia (d. 1859)
  • June 13 Jacob Lindley, Founder of Ohio University (d. 1857)
  • June 14
    • David Low Dodge, American theologian (d. 1852)
    • Johann Karl Freiesleben, German miner and geologist (d. 1846)
  • June 17 Asahel Stearns, American politician (d. 1839)
  • June 18
    • Charles Elphinstone Fleeming, British politician and Royal Navy admiral (d. 1840)
    • Pavel Alexandrovich Stroganov, Russian military commander and statesman (d. 1817)
  • June 19
    • Aloys von Kaunitz-Rietberg, German nobleman and a diplomat of the Austrian Empire (d. 1848)
    • Egerton Smith, British magazine publisher, editor (d. 1841)
    • Leonard Woods, American theologian (d. 1854)
  • June 21
  • June 23
    • François Antoine Lallemand, French general (d. 1839)
    • Matthijs Siegenbeek, Dutch academic (d. 1854)
  • June 24
    • Antonio González de Balcarce, Argentine general (d. 1819)
    • John Cole, American music publisher (d. 1855)
    • Princess Caroline of Gloucester, British princess (d. 1775)
    • François-Nicolas-Benoît Haxo, French general (d. 1838)
    • Claude Charles Marie du Campe de Rosamel, French naval minister (d. 1848)
    • Azariah Shadrach, Welsh minister (d. 1844)
    • Edward Taylor, British politician (d. 1843)
  • June 25
    • James Gage, Canadian businessman (d. 1854)
    • Marcus Wallenberg, Swedish bishop, 17741833 (d. 1833)
  • June 29 Princess Amalie of Hesse-Homburg, Consort of Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (d. 1846)
  • July 5
    • George Butler, English schoolmaster and divine (d. 1853)
    • Charles Herbert, British politician (d. 1808)
  • July 7 Louis Auguste Marchand Plauzonne, French general (d. 1812)
  • July 9 Marcia Arbuthnot, lady-in-waiting (d. 1806)
  • July 10 Isaac Bullard, American politician (d. 1808)
  • July 11
    • Robert Jameson, British scientist; (d. 1854)
    • Somerset Lowry-Corry, 2nd Earl Belmore, Irish nobleman and politician (d. 1841)
    • Axel Otto Mörner, Swedish count, general, politician and artist (d. 1852)
  • July 12
    • Jonathan Friedrich Bahnmaier, German theologian (d. 1841)
    • Jean-Francois Coindet, physiologist (d. 1834)
    • James Stuart, politician (d. 1833)
  • July 14
    • Hans Graf von Bülow, German noble (d. 1825)
    • Ferdinand Hartmann, German painter (d. 1842)
    • Francis Lathom, British writer (d. 1832)
  • July 15 David Jacob van Lennep, Dutch university professor, poet and writer (d. 1853)
  • July 17 John Wilbur, American Quaker minister (d. 1856)
  • July 20
    • Edward Pelham Brenton, British Royal Navy officer & historian (d. 1839)
    • Auguste de Marmont, French General, nobleman and Marshal of France (d. 1852)
  • July 24 Franz von Klebelsberg zu Thumburg, Czech nobleman (d. 1857)
  • July 26 Ernst Ludwig von Tippelskirch, Prussian army officer (d. 1840)
  • July 28
    • Elias Walker Durnford, British Army general (d. 1850)
    • John West, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1862)
  • July 29 Edward Wakefield, English statistician (d. 1854)
  • July 30 Charles de Graimberg, French art collector and painter (d. 1864)
  • July 31
    • Jonathan Richmond, American politician (d. 1853)
    • Diodata Saluzzo Roero, Italian writer and poet (d. 1840)
  • August 1
    • John Adam, silversmith (d. 1848)
    • Jérôme Demers, Québécois priest and teacher of philosophy (d. 1853)
    • Friedrich Guimpel, German illustrator, engraver and botanical artist (d. 1839)
  • August 2 Ole Clausen Mørch, Norwegian politician (d. 1829)
  • August 5
    • Karl Wilhelm Bardou, German portraitist, active 1797–1842 (d. 1842)
    • John C. Devereux, American politician (d. 1848)
  • August 6 Asa Wells, pioneer farmer and surveyor from Pompey (d. 1859)
  • August 7
    • François Benjamin Levrault, French politician (d. 1855)
    • William Morgan, resident of Batavia, New York (d. 1826)
  • August 9
    • George Frederick Beltz, British genealogist (d. 1841)
    • Solomon Van Rensselaer, American politician and soldier (d. 1852)
  • August 11
    • Eugène François d'Arnauld, French public official (d. 1854)
    • Joseph Franque, French painter (d. 1833)
    • Manuel de Sarratea, Argentine politician (d. 1849)
    • François Tassé, Canadian politician (d. 1832)
  • August 12
    • Jean François Boissonade de Fontarabie, historian from France (d. 1857)
    • Hannah Kilham, Methodist missionary (d. 1832)
    • Stephen Peter Rigaud, English mathematical historian and astronomer (d. 1839)
    • Robert Southey, English romantic poet (d. 1843)
  • August 13
    • Hipólito da Costa, Brazilian journalist and diplomat (d. 1823)
    • John Wilson, Scottish landscape and marine painter (d. 1855)
  • August 15 François-Joseph-Marie Fayolle, French musicologist, man of letters and mathematician (d. 1852)
  • August 17
    • George E. Blake, American music publisher (d. 1871)
    • Stephan von Breuning, German librettist and author (d. 1827)
  • August 18
    • Gaspard Laurent Bayle, French physician (d. 1816)
    • Meriwether Lewis, American explorer, soldier and public administrator (d. 1809)
  • August 19 Denis-Benjamin Viger, Lower Canadian politician (d. 1861)
  • August 20
    • Ludvig Frederik Brock, Norwegian military officer (d. 1853)
    • Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara, Governor of Tamaulipas (d. 1841)
  • August 22
    • François Aregnaudeau, French privateer captain (d. 1812)
    • Bartholomäus Herder, German publisher (d. 1839)
  • August 23
    • Pierre David de Colbert-Chabanais, French general (d. 1853)
    • Jacob Crocheron, American politician (d. 1849)
    • Mary Moody Emerson, American writer (d. 1863)
    • William Plunkett Maclay, American politician (d. 1842)
  • August 24 Anton Ludwig Ernst Horn, German physician (d. 1848)
  • August 25 Samuel William Manthey, Norwegian politician (d. 1815)
  • August 26 Sir John Lubbock, 2nd Baronet, English banker, politician (d. 1840)
  • August 28 Elizabeth Ann Seton, co-founder of Mount St. Mary's University in the United States, founder of the Sisters of Charity (d. 1821)
  • August 30 Henri Van Assche, painter (d. 1841)
  • August 31 Charles Turner, English engraver (d. 1857)
  • September 1
    • George Platt, Canadian politician (d. 1816)
    • Jane Stewart, Countess of Galloway, British noble (d. 1842)
  • September 5
  • September 7
    • Johann Jakob Bernhardi, German physician and botanist (d. 1850)
    • Colin Halkett, British Army general (d. 1856)
  • September 8
    • Richard Ashley, English viola player (d. 1836)
    • Anne Catherine Emmerich, German Augustinian Canoness, mystic, Marian visionary, ecstatic and stigmatist (d. 1824)
  • September 9 Salomon Mayer von Rothschild, Austrian banker and businessman (d. 1855)
  • September 14
    • Lord William Bentinck, First Governor General of India British soldier and statesman (d. 1839)
    • Georges Boisot, Minister of Interior of the Helvetic Republic (d. 1853)
    • Henry Ridgely Warfield, American politician (d. 1839)
  • September 15
    • Robert Hastings Hunkins, American politician (d. 1853)
    • María Nicolasa de Iturbide, princess of Iturbide (d. 1840)
  • September 17
    • William Fitzwilliam Owen, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1857)
    • Patrick Syme, Scottish painter (d. 1845)
  • September 19
  • September 21 John Peter Grant, Scottish politician (d. 1848)
  • September 24
    • Robert Gilmor Jr., shipowner and art collector (d. 1848)
    • Michael Linning, Writer to the Signet; Scottish solicitor (d. 1838)
    • Mariano Sánchez de Loria, Argentine politician (d. 1842)
  • September 25
    • Judith Lomax, American poet and religious writer (d. 1828)
    • Nikolaus von Maillot de la Treille, German general (d. 1834)
  • September 26 Johnny Appleseed, (John Chapman), American nurseryman and Swedenborgian missionary, plants apple tree nurseries in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois (d. 1845)
  • September 27
    • John Griscom, American chemist (d. 1852)
    • Bredo Henrik von Munthe af Morgenstierne Sr., Norwegian jurist (d. 1835)
  • September 28
    • Sir James Colquhoun, 3rd Baronet, of Luss, politician (d. 1836)
    • Sebastian von Schrenck, German politician (d. 1848)
  • September 30
    • Charles-Étienne Chaussegros de Léry, Canadian politician (d. 1842)
    • George Mathews, American judge (d. 1836)
  • October 2 Johannes Spitler, American painter of furniture (d. 1837)
  • October 4
    • Francis Ommanney, British MP (d. 1840)
    • Henry Siddons, British actor (d. 1815)
  • October 7
    • Ferdinando Orlandi, Italian composer (d. 1848)
    • Jean Thienpont, Belgian politician and lawyer (d. 1863)
  • October 8
    • Henry Duncan, British geologist, priest and social reformer (d. 1846)
    • John Ely, American politician (d. 1849)
    • Teis Lundegaard, Norwegian politician (d. 1856)
  • October 10 Peter Nourse, American clergyman (d. 1840)
  • October 12
    • George J. F. Clarke, prominent citizen of East Florida (d. 1836)
    • Karoline von Feuchtersleben, German noblewoman (d. 1842)
    • Luis Eduardo Pérez, President of Uruguay (d. 1841)
  • October 13
    • William Astell, English banker and politician (d. 1847)
    • Samuel McKee, American politician and lawyer (d. 1826)
  • October 15 John Boit, one of the first Americans involved in the maritime fur trade (d. 1829)
  • October 18
    • Adolf Müllner, German writer (d. 1829)
    • Sarah Thompson, Countess Rumford, philanthropist (d. 1852)
  • October 19 Charles Cornwallis, 2nd Marquess Cornwallis, British noble (d. 1823)
  • October 21 Archibald Campbell, British Army officer (d. 1838)
  • October 23
    • Adam Otto von Bistram, Baltic German military personnel in Imperial Russian service (d. 1828)
    • René de Chazet, French writer (d. 1844)
  • October 26 Albert Gregorius, Belgian painter (d. 1853)
  • October 27 Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton, British politician (d. 1848)
  • October 28
    • John Boyle, United States federal judge and member of the U.S. House of Representatives (d. 1835)
    • Konstanty Adam Czartoryski, Polish noble and art collector (d. 1860)
  • October 29 Augustin Joseph Caron, French military officer (d. 1822)
  • October 30
    • Pierre Barrois, French soldier and officer (d. 1860)
    • Clarkson Crolius, American politician (d. 1843)
  • November 1
    • Alexander Caldwell, American judge (d. 1839)
    • René Perin, French playwright (d. 1858)
  • November 2 Georges-Simon Serullas, French pharmacist (d. 1832)
  • November 3 Jakov Jakšić, Serbian postmaster (d. 1848)
  • November 4
    • Robert Allan, poet (d. 1841)
    • Johannes P. Bøe, Norwegian politician (d. 1859)
    • Carlos María de Bustamante, Mexican politician (d. 1848)
    • John Warrock, American publisher (d. 1858)
    • Ignaz Heinrich von Wessenberg, German historian (d. 1860)
  • November 5
    • William Berry, English genealogist (d. 1851)
    • Johann Christian August Clarus, German surgeon (d. 1854)
  • November 6
    • David Bevan, banker (d. 1846)
    • Joseph Récamier, French gynaecologist (d. 1852)
  • November 7
    • Richard Noel-Hill, 4th Baron Berwick, peer (d. 1848)
    • Ebenezer F. Norton, American politician (d. 1851)
  • November 8
    • Lord Frederick Montagu, British politician (d. 1827)
    • Robert Reid, British architect (d. 1856)
  • November 9
    • Thomas Fortescue Kennedy, Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars (d. 1846)
    • Louis Hayes Petit, English barrister and politician (d. 1849)
  • November 10 John Miller, New York politician (d. 1862)
  • November 11 Marcin Dunin, Roman Catholic archbishop of Gnesen and Posen (d. 1842)
  • November 12
    • Charles Bell, British surgeon and artist (d. 1842)
    • Joachim Zachris Duncker, Swedish soldier (d. 1809)
  • November 14 Gaspare Spontini, Italian composer and conductor (d. 1851)
  • November 17 Pierre-Alexandre Le Camus, French politician (d. 1824)
  • November 18
  • November 19 Vasile Moga, Romanian orthodox bishop of Sibiu (d. 1845)
  • November 20
    • Archibald Cregeen, Manx lexicographer (bap. 1774, d. 1841) (d. 1841)
    • Henrik Steenbuch, Norwegian lawyer (d. 1839)
  • November 21
  • November 24 Thomas Dick, British astronomer (d. 1857)
  • November 25 Francisco de Paula Marín, A Spaniard influential in the early Kingdom of Hawaii; confidant of Hawaiian King Kamehameha I (d. 1837)
  • November 26
    • Georg Ludwig Cancrin, Economist, politician (d. 1845)
    • William Hunter, American politician and diplomat (d. 1849)
    • Peter Frederik Wulff, Danish naval officer (d. 1842)
  • November 27 John Howard Kyan, British inventor (d. 1850)
  • November 28
  • November 29
    • Carl Johan Fahlcrantz, painter (d. 1861)
    • Johann Gottfried Gruber, German literary critic (d. 1851)
  • December 1 Alexander Leith, British Army officer, died 1859 (d. 1859)
  • December 2
    • François-André Baudin, French naval officer (d. 1842)
    • François-René Boussen, Belgian priest (d. 1848)
  • December 3 Giuseppe Federico Palombini, military general (d. 1850)
  • December 4 John Weyland, British writer and politician; (d. 1854)
  • December 5 Johann Wilhelm Andreas Pfaff, German mathematician (d. 1835)
  • December 10 Nicolas Morice, French navy officer (d. 1848)
  • December 11 David Bowen, Felinfoel, Welsh Baptist minister from Felinfoel (d. 1853)
  • December 12 William Henry, English chemist (d. 1836)
  • December 13
    • Eline Heger, Danish actress (d. 1842)
    • Nathan F. Dixon I, American politician (d. 1842)
  • December 15 Michel Ange Lancret, Engineer with the French Corps of Bridges and Roads (d. 1807)
  • December 16 Caroline Campbell, Duchess of Argyll, British noble (d. 1835)
  • December 17
  • December 20
    • John Pasco, English admiral (d. 1853)
    • Charles Richard Vaughan, British diplomat (d. 1849)
  • December 21
    • John Thomas Barber Beaumont, British artist (d. 1841)
    • James Ingram, English academic (d. 1850)
  • December 23 Ludwig von Vincke, politician, writer and jurist (d. 1844)
  • December 26 Ferdinand Oechsle, German inventor (d. 1852)
  • December 27
    • Brenton Halliburton, Canadian judge (d. 1860)
    • Ephraim Hart, American politician (d. 1839)
    • Johann Philipp Neumann, Austrian physicist, librarian and poet (d. 1849)
  • December 28
    • Mary Birkett Card, poet, abolitionist and feminist (d. 1817)
    • Thomas Moore Musgrave, English postmaster and translator (d. 1854)
  • December 29 Maurice FitzGerald, 18th Knight of Kerry, British politician (d. 1849)
  • December 31 John Pringle, British Army officer (d. 1861)
  • date unknown – Sergey Glinka, Russian author, brother of Fyodor Glinka (d. 1847)

1775

Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski born 13 January
Gurun Princess Hexiao born 2 February
Miguel Ramos Arizpe born 15 February
Simmons Jones Baker born 15 February
Jean-Baptiste Girard (soldier) born 21 February
Sophie Tieck born 28 February
Adam Elias von Siebold born 5 March
Constance Mayer born 9 March
Pauline Auzou born 24 March
Alexander Johnston (1775–1849) born 25 April
George Kinloch (politician) born 30 April
Angélique Mongez born 1 May
Micah Brooks born 14 May
Johann Baptist Malfatti von Monteregio born 12 June
John Andrew Shulze born 19 July
Emmanuel Dupaty born 31 July
Vasily Orlov-Denisov born 8 September
Guillaume Capelle born 9 September
John Henry Hobart born 14 September
Giuseppe Rosaroll born 16 September
Philip Milledoler born 22 September
Robert Adrain born 30 September
Bahadur Shah Zafar born 24 October
Pierre Capelle born 4 November
Achille Fontanelli born 8 November
James Carnahan born 15 November
Phineas Riall born 15 December
  • January 2 – Henry Tufton, 11th Earl of Thanet, English cricketer (d. 1849)
  • January 3 – Francis Caulfeild, 2nd Earl of Charlemont, Irish politician (d. 1863)
  • January 4
    • George Weare Braikenridge, English antiquarian (d. 1856)
    • Carlo, Duke of Calabria, Italian prince (d. 1778)
  • January 6
    • Date Narimura, Japanese daimyō (d. 1796)
    • Horace St Paul, English soldier and Member of Parliament (d. 1840)
  • January 7 – Thomas Amyot, English antiquarian (d. 1850)
  • January 9
    • Juan Francisco Larrobla, Uruguayan politician (d. 1842)
    • Antonio Villavicencio, statesman and soldier of New Granada (d. 1816)
  • January 10 – James Sewall Morsell, United States federal judge (d. 1870)
  • January 13 – Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski, Polish noble (d. 1856)
  • January 15 – Giosuè Sangiovanni, Italian zoologist (d. 1849)
  • January 18
    • Pedro Moreno, Mexican soldier (d. 1817)
    • Evelyn Pierrepont, British Member of Parliament (d. 1801)
  • January 19
    • Hudson Gurney, English antiquary and verse-writer (d. 1864)
    • George Pyke, Canadian politician (d. 1851)
  • January 20André-Marie Ampère, French physicist and mathematician (d. 1836)[117]
  • January 22
  • January 23
    • Pietro Colletta, Neapolitan general and historian (d. 1831)
    • José Fernández Salvador, Ecuadorian politician and jurist (d. 1853)
    • John Rubens Smith, London-born painter (d. 1849)
  • January 27Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, German philosopher (d. 1854)
  • January 28
  • January 30Walter Savage Landor, English writer and poet (d. 1864)
  • January 31
    • Giordano Bianchi Dottula, Italian writer and politician (d. 1846)
    • John Richard Farre, English physician (d. 1862)
  • February 1
    • Philippe de Girard, French engineer and inventor of the first flax spinning frame in 1810 (d. 1845)
    • Jochum Nicolay Müller, Norwegian naval officer who (d. 1848)
  • February 2 – Gurun Princess Hexiao of the Manchu dynasty (d. 1823)
  • February 3
  • February 8
    • Jacob Liv Borch Sverdrup, Norwegian educator (d. 1841)
    • Antonio Bertoloni, Italian botanist who made extensive studies of Italian plants (d. 1869)
    • Thomas Liddell, 1st Baron Ravensworth, British politician (d. 1855)
  • February 9
    • Farkas Bolyai, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1856)
    • Theodor Hell, pseudonym of Karl Gottfried Theodor Winkler, German man of letters (d. 1856)
  • February 10
    • Charles Lamb, English essayist (d. 1834)
    • James Wilkes Maurice, British Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (d. 1857)
    • Ádám Récsey, Prime Minister of Hungary (October 3–7, 1848) (d. 1852)
  • February 11William Hall, American politician (d. 1856)
  • February 12 – Charles Lloyd, English poet (d. 1839)
  • February 14 – William Clift, English medical illustrator and conservator (d. 1849)
  • February 15
    • Paul Allen, American author and editor (d. 1826)
    • Miguel Ramos Arizpe, Mexican priest (d. 1843)
  • February 17
    • Heinrich Jacob Aldenrath, German portrait painter (d. 1844)
    • Frederick Garling, English attorney and solicitor (d. 1848)
  • February 18Thomas Girtin, English painter and etcher (d. 1802)
  • February 19
    • John Bibby, founder of the British Bibby Line shipping company (d. 1840)
    • Giovanni Battista Comolli, Italian sculptor (d. 1831)
  • February 20
    • Guy-Victor Duperré, French naval officer and Admiral of France (d. 1846)
    • Israel Gregg, first captain of the historic American steamboat Enterprise (1814) (d. 1847)
    • John Starr, merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia (d. 1827)
  • February 21
    • Jean-Baptiste Girard, French soldier (d. 1815)
    • Claudius Herrick, American educator and minister (d. 1831)
  • February 22
    • William Seymour, United States Representative from New York (d. 1848)
  • February 24
    • Claudius Hunter, Lord Mayor of London (d. 1851)
    • Matěj Kopecký, Czech puppeteer (d. 1847)
    • Edward St Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset, English landowner and amateur mathematician (d. 1855)
  • February 25 – John Caldwell, businessman and politician in Lower Canada (d. 1842)
  • February 26Adolf Stieler, German cartographer and lawyer (d. 1836)
  • February 28 – Sophie Tieck, German poet (d. 1833)
  • March 3 – Henry Prittie, 2nd Baron Dunalley, British politician (d. 1854)
  • March 4 – Johann Baptist von Lampi the Younger, Austrian portrait painter (d. 1837)
  • March 5
    • Charlotte Richardson, English poet (d. 1825)
    • Adam Elias von Siebold, German gynecologist (d. 1828)
  • March 9
    • Jean Kickx, Belgian botanist and mineralogist (d. 1831)
    • Constance Mayer, French painter (d. 1821)
  • March 10
    • Marc-Antoine Jullien de Paris, French journalist (d. 1848)
    • Sir David Wedderburn, 1st Baronet, Scottish businessman and politician (d. 1858)
  • March 11
    • Nils Landmark, Norwegian politician (d. 1859)
    • Pierre Jean François Turpin, French botanist and illustrator (d. 1840)
  • March 12
    • Joseph Chitty, English lawyer and legal writer (d. 1841)
    • Henry Eckford, Scottish-born American shipbuilder, naval architect, industrial engineer, entrepreneur (d. 1832)
    • Michel Grendahl, Norwegian politician (d. 1849)
    • James Welsh, English officer in the Madras Army of the East India Company (d. 1861)
  • March 14 – Samuel Street Jr., businessman in Upper Canada (d. 1844)
  • March 15 – Juan Bautista Arismendi, Venezuelan patriot and general of the Venezuelan War of Independence (d. 1841)
  • March 17Ninian Edwards, founding political figure of the state of Illinois (d. 1833)
  • March 19 – Ramsay Richard Reinagle, English painter (d. 1862)
  • March 22
    • Johan Collett, Norwegian politician and public administrator (d. 1827)
    • Jack Crawford, British Royal Navy sailor, "Hero of Camperdown" (d. 1831)
    • Armand Gouffé, French poet (d. 1845)
  • March 23 – William Haseldine Pepys, English physical scientist (d. 1856)
  • March 24
  • March 25 – John Johnston, United States Indian agent (d. 1861)
  • March 26 – Thomas Monteagle Bayly, Virginian politician, lawyer and planter (d. 1834)
  • March 27 – Nicolai Abraham Holten, Danish civil servant and director of Øresund Custom House (d. 1850)
  • March 28 – Johann Heinrich Gossler, Hamburg banker and grand burgher (d. 1842)
  • March 30 – Hieronymus Karl Graf von Colloredo-Mansfeld, Austrian corps commander during the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1822)
  • April 2
    • John Higton, English animal painter (d. 1827)
    • Calvin Jones, American politician (d. 1846)
    • Moses Walton, Virginia farmer serving in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly (d. 1847)
  • April 4 – Dutch Sam, British boxer (d. 1816)
  • April 5 – Johann Nepomuk Rust, Austrian surgeon (d. 1840)
  • April 6 – Edward Wynne-Pendarves, English politician (d. 1853)
  • April 7
    • Eliza Jumel, American socialite (d. 1865)
    • Francis Cabot Lowell, American businessman (d. 1817)
    • Louis Barbe Charles Sérurier, French diplomat (d. 1860)
  • April 8
    • Antoine Charles Cazenove, Swiss-American businessman and diplomat (d. 1852)
    • Adam Albert von Neipperg, Austrian general and statesman (d. 1829)
    • Thomas Powys, 2nd Baron Lilford, British peer (d. 1825)
  • April 9 – Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada, Brazilian politician, leader in Brazil's independence and government (d. 1844)
  • April 10 – Carl Wigand Maximilian Jacobi, German psychiatrist (d. 1858)
  • April 12
    • Christian Samuel Theodor Bernd, German linguist and heraldist (d. 1854)
    • Vito Nunziante, Italian general (d. 1836)
  • April 13 – Adolph Henke, German physician (d. 1843)
  • April 14
    • Karl Becker, German philologist (d. 1849)
    • John Philip, Scottish-born missionary in South Africa (d. 1851)
  • April 16
    • Sylvester Maxwell, American lawyer and legislator (d. 1858)
    • Charles Stewart, English Anglican bishop in Lower Canada (d. 1837)
  • April 21
  • April 22
    • Georg Hermes, German Roman Catholic theologian (d. 1831)
    • Henry Ryan, US-Canadian Methodist minister (d. 1833)
  • April 23J. M. W. Turner, English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker (d. 1851)
  • April 25
  • April 27 – Pietro Ostini, Catholic cardinal (d. 1849)
  • April 28
    • William Capel, English sportsman and clergyman (d. 1854)
    • Loftus William Otway, British Napoleonic Wars general (d. 1835)
  • April 29 – Samuel King, American Presbyterian minister, a founder of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (d. 1842)
  • April 30
    • Guillaume Dode de la Brunerie, Marshal of France (d. 1851)
    • Calvin Fillmore, American farmer and politician from New York (d. 1865)
    • George Kinloch, Scottish reformer and politician (d. 1833)
  • May 1 – Angélique Mongez, French Neoclassical artist (d. 1855)
  • May 3 – John Hansen Sørbrøden, Norwegian farmer (d. 1857)
  • May 5
  • May 6
  • May 8 – George Gwilt the younger, English architect (d. 1856)
  • May 9Jacob Brown, United States general (d. 1828)
  • May 10
    • Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle, French cavalry general during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (d. 1809)
    • William Phillips, English mineralogist and geologist (d. 1828)
  • May 12 – George Whitmore, British Army general (d. 1862)
  • May 14 – Micah Brooks, United States general (d. 1857)
  • May 17
    • Sir John Beckett, 2nd Baronet, British politician (d. 1847)
    • Daniel LeRoy, Attorney General for the Michigan Territory (d. 1858)
  • May 19 – Antonín Jan Jungmann, Czech physician (d. 1854)
  • May 21Lucien Bonaparte, French statesman (d. 1840)
  • May 24
  • May 25 – Pelagio Palagi, Italian painter (d. 1860)
  • May 28 – Thomas Graves, 2nd Baron Graves, British politician (d. 1830)
  • May 29Nathan Cutler, American politician from Maine (d. 1861)
  • May 31
    • Charles Digby, British clergyman, Canon of Windsor from 1808 (d. 1841)
    • Charles Jackson, American lawyer and jurist (d. 1855)
  • June 4 – Francesco Molino, Italian guitarist (d. 1847)
  • June 8 – Henry Boehm, American clergyman and pastor (d. 1875)
  • June 9Georg Friedrich Grotefend, German epigraphist and philologist (d. 1853)
  • June 10James Barbour, American politician (d. 1842)
  • June 12
    • Francis Bloodgood, American lawyer, mayor of Albany (d. 1840)
    • Johann Baptist Malfatti von Monteregio, Italian-born physician (d. 1859)
    • Karl Freiherr von Müffling, Prussian Generalfeldmarschall (d. 1851)
  • June 13Antoni Radziwiłł, Polish politician (d. 1833)
  • June 14 – André Bruno de Frévol de Lacoste, French general of the First Empire (d. 1809)
  • June 15
  • June 16Judah Touro, American businessman (d. 1854)
  • June 17 – Alexander Cowan, Scottish papermaker and philanthropist (d. 1859)
  • June 18 – Orsamus Cook Merrill, American politician (d. 1865)
  • June 19
    • Vardry McBee, American saddlemaker and philanthropist (d. 1864)
    • Friedrich August Peter von Colomb, German general (d. 1854)
  • June 20 – Jacques Frédéric Français, French engineer and mathematician (d. 1833)
  • June 22
    • Johannes Flüggé, German botanist and physician (d. 1816)
    • Camillo Ranzani, Italian priest and a naturalist (d. 1841)
  • June 24 – John Kempthorne, English clergyman and hymnwriter (d. 1838)
  • June 25 – John Stevenson Salt, English barrister, banker and landowner (d. 1845)
  • June 26
    • Jean-Jacques Desvaux de Saint-Maurice, French general of the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1815)
    • John Swaine, English draughtsman and engraver (d. 1860)
  • June 29 – Thomas Boyle, American privateer (d. 1825)
  • June 30William Thompson, Irish philosopher (d. 1833)
  • July 1 – Cephas Thompson, American artist (d. 1856)
  • July 2 – Aaron Peasley, American buttonmaker (d. 1837)
  • July 3Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier, member of the French royal family (d. 1807)
  • July 5William Crotch, English composer, organist and artist (d. 1847)
  • July 8
    • William Davies, United States federal judge (d. 1829)
    • Lucy Mack Smith, American prominent in the Latter Day Saints, mother of Joseph Smith (d. 1856)
  • July 9Matthew "Monk" Lewis, English Gothic horror writer and politician (d. 1818)
  • July 11Joseph Blanco White, Spanish-born political thinker, theologian and poet (d. 1841)
  • July 14
    • Louis Ducis, French painter (d. 1847)
    • Berkeley Guise, British landowner and Member of Parliament (d. 1834)
  • July 15
  • July 17
    • Domingo Eyzaguirre, Chilean politician and philanthropist (d. 1854)
    • August Harder, German musician (d. 1813)
  • July 18
    • Pierre Decouz, French military officer (d. of wounds 1814)
    • Karl von Rotteck, German political activist (d. 1840)
  • July 19
  • July 21
    • Edward Heneage, English first-class cricketer (d. 1810)
    • George Osborne, 6th Duke of Leeds, English peer and politician (d. 1838)
  • July 23
  • July 24Eugène François Vidocq, French criminal and private detective agent (d. 1857)
  • July 25Anna Harrison, American politician (d. 1864)
  • July 27Therese Brunsvik, Hungarian educationalist (d. 1861)
  • July 28Hussey Vivian, 1st Baron Vivian, British Army general (d. 1842)
  • July 31 – Emmanuel Dupaty, French singer and writer (d. 1851)
  • August 2
    • William Henry Ireland, English forger (d. 1835)
    • José Ángel Lamas, Venezuelan classical musician and composer born in Caracas (d. 1814)
  • August 6
  • August 7
    • Maria Brizzi Giorgi, Italian organist (d. 1812)
    • Jacob Hoel, Norwegian farmer (d. 1847)
    • Henriette Lorimier, popular portraitist in Paris at the beginning of Romanticism (d. 1854)
  • August 8 – Richard Blakemore, English politician (d. 1855)
  • August 9Jacob Brown, United States general (d. 1828)
  • August 12Conrad Malte-Brun, Danish-born geographer and writer on French politics (d. 1826)
  • August 14 – Pieter Adrianus Ossewaarde, Dutch politician (d. 1853)
  • August 15
    • Carlos de España, Spanish general (d. 1839)
    • Carl Franz Anton Ritter von Schreibers, Austrian naturalist, native of Pressburg (d. 1852)
  • August 16
    • John Carlyle Herbert, American politician (d. 1846)
    • Ebenezer Sage, American politician (d. 1834)
  • August 18
    • James Elliot, American politician (d. 1839)
    • Johann Leonhard Pfaff, bishop of the German Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda from 1832 (d. 1848)
  • August 20
    • Franz Dinnendahl, German mechanical engineer (d. 1826)
    • George Tucker, American politician (d. 1861)
  • August 22
    • François Péron, French naturalist and explorer (d. 1810)
    • August von Vécsey, Austro-Hungarian general (d. 1857)
  • August 23 – Mark Cubbon, British army officer with the East India Company (d. 1861)
  • August 25 – Karl Joseph Hieronymus Windischmann, German philosopher and anthropologist (d. 1839)
  • August 26 – William Joseph Behr, German political radical (d. 1851)
  • August 27
    • Frederick Graff, American hydraulic engineer (d. 1847)
    • Jan Verveer, major general of the Royal Netherlands Army (d. 1838)
  • August 28
    • Antoine Marc Augustin Bertoletti, Italian general (d. 1846)
    • Sophie Gail, French singer and composer (d. 1819)
  • August 29 – Niels Wulfsberg, Norwegian publisher (d. 1852)
  • August 31
    • Agnes Bulmer, English epic poet (d. 1836)
    • François de Fossa, French classical guitarist and composer (d. 1849)
  • September 1Honoré Charles Reille, French general, Marshal of France (d. 1860)
  • September 4 – Jean-François Le Gonidec, Breton linguist, Bible translator (d. 1838)
  • September 5
    • Juan Martín Díez, El Empecinado, Spanish military leader (d. 1825)
    • Adolph Ferdinand Gehlen, German chemist (d. 1815)
  • September 6 – Aleksey Greig, Russian admiral (d. 1845)
  • September 7 – John Jebb, Irish Anglican bishop and religious writer (d. 1833)
  • September 8
    • John Leyden, Scottish orientalist (d. 1811)
    • Vasily Orlov-Denisov, Cossack Russian general (d. 1843)
  • September 9
  • September 10
    • John Kidd, English physician, chemist and geologist (d. 1851)
    • Murray Maxwell, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1831)
  • September 11
    • Narciso Fernández de Heredia, 2nd Count of Heredia-Spínola, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1847)
    • Ferdinand August Freiherr von Hügel, general in the royal Württemberg Infantry (d. 1834)
  • September 12 – Josef Jüttner, Austrian cartographer and military officer (d. 1848)
  • September 13Laura Secord, Canadian heroine of the War of 1812 (d. 1868)
  • September 14
    • Jean-Louis Burnouf, French philologist and translator (d. 1844)
    • John Henry Hobart, third Episcopal bishop of New York from 1816 (d. 1830)
    • Joseph Phillimore, English lawyer and Member of Parliament (d. 1855)
  • September 15 – William A. Griswold, American lawyer and politician (d. 1846)
  • September 16
    • Hermano José Braamcamp de Almeida Castelo Branco, Portuguese nobleman and politician (d. 1846)
    • Giuseppe Rosaroll, Italian essayist and general in the army of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (d. 1825)
    • Christian Friedrich Schwägrichen, German botanist specializing in the field of bryology (d. 1853)
  • September 17
    • Georges Roffavier, French botanist (d. 1866)
    • Margrethe Schall, Danish ballerina (d. 1852)
  • September 19 – José Félix Ribas, hero of the Venezuelan War of Independence (d. 1815)
  • September 20 – François-Pierre Chaumeton, French botanist and physician (d. 1819)
  • September 22 – Philip Milledoler, American protestant minister and fifth President of Rutgers College (d. 1852)
  • September 23 – Jens Christian Berg, Norwegian lawyer and historian (d. 1852)
  • September 24 – Nathan Heald, officer in the United States Army during the War of 1812 (d. 1832)
  • September 25 – Pierre Flor, Norwegian politician (d. 1848)
  • September 26 – James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam, British peer and Member of Parliament (d. 1845)
  • September 29
    • David McConaughy, American pastor and fourth president of Washington College from 1831 to 1852 (d. 1852)
    • François Michel de Rozière, French mining engineer and mineralogist (d. 1842)
    • Herbert Taylor, British Army officer (d. 1839)
  • September 30 – Robert Adrain, Irish-born American mathematician (d. 1843)
  • October 2 – Cornelius O'Callaghan, 1st Viscount Lismore, Irish politician (d. 1857)
  • October 3 – Isaac von Sinclair, German writer and diplomat (d. 1815)
  • October 6 – Johann Anton André, German composer and music publisher (d. 1842)
  • October 7
    • Ramón Power y Giralt, Puerto Rican politician and Spanish admiral (d. 1813)
    • Jaygopal Tarkalankar, Bengali writer and Sanskrit scholar (d. 1846)
  • October 9
    • Sir Alexander Boswell, 1st Baronet, British politician (d. 1822)
    • Lars Johannes Irgens, Norwegian jurist and public official (d. 1830)
    • Peter Thonning, Danish physician and botanist (d. 1848)
    • Charles Williams-Wynn, British politician (d. 1850)
  • October 12
    • Lyman Beecher, American Presbyterian minister and patriarch (d. 1863)
    • Ludovico Micara, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1847)
  • October 13 – John Wentworth Loring, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1852)
  • October 14 – Godfrey Macdonald, 3rd Baron Macdonald of Sleat, Scottish general (d. 1832)
  • October 15
    • Bernhard Crusell, Swedish-Finnish clarinetist and composer 1838)
    • Alberto Lista, Spanish poet and educationalist (d. 1848)
    • Bernardo Peres da Silva, governor of Portuguese India (d. 1844)
  • October 17 – Ole Paulssøn Haagenstad, Norwegian politician (d. 1866)
  • October 18
    • Martial Aubertin, French stage actor and dramatist (d. 1824)
    • Dawson Turner, English banker and botanist (d. 1858)
    • John Vanderlyn, American artist (d. 1852)
  • October 19
    • Jean-Baptiste Faribault, Lower Canadian trader with the Indians and early settler in Minnesota (d. 1860)
    • Kamma Rahbek, Danish salon holder (d. 1829)
  • October 21
    • Giuseppe Baini, Italian priest, music critic and composer (d. 1844)
    • Bartholomew Crannell Beardsley, Canadian politician, lawyer and judge (d. 1855)
  • October 23 – Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer, German architect (d. 1842)
  • October 24 – Bahadur Shah II, Mughal emperor (d. 1862)
  • October 26
    • Charles Douglas, 3rd Baron Douglas, English amateur cricketer (d. 1848)
    • Hans Moritz Hauke, German-Polish general (d. 1830)
    • Joseph Nightingale, prolific English writer and preacher (d. 1824)
    • Alexander Thom, Scottish military surgeon, judge and politician in Upper Canada (d. 1845)
  • October 30
    • Catterino Cavos, Russian composer (d. 1840)
    • Wilhelm Ludwig Viktor Henckel von Donnersmarck, Prussian officer who fought in the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1849)
  • November 1 – Christian Adolph Diriks, Norwegian lawyer and statesman (d. 1837)
  • November 2
    • Jean-Emmanuel Jobez, French businessman and politician (d. 1828)
    • Jeromus Johnson, American politician (d. 1846)
  • November 3Edward Paget, British Army general (d. 1849)
  • November 4 – Pierre Capelle, French chansonnier (d. 1851)
  • November 6 – August Wilhelm Hartmann, Danish composer (d. 1850)
  • November 7 – Joseph Fox, English dental surgeon (d. 1816)
  • November 8
    • Achille Fontanelli, Italian nationalist and Napoleonic general (d. 1838)
    • Jacob Peter Mynster, Danish theologian and Bishop of Zealand (d. 1854)
  • November 9 – Daniel Waldron, American businessman (d. 1821)
  • November 10 – James Elliot, American politician (d. 1839)
  • November 11 – Gulbrand Eriksen Tandberg, Norwegian farmer and politician (d. 1848)
  • November 13
    • John Burns, Scottish surgeon (d. 1850)
    • Richard Butler, 1st Earl of Glengall, Irish peer (d. 1819)
    • Rémi Joseph Isidore Exelmans, distinguished French soldier of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (d. 1852)
  • November 14Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach, German legal scholar (d. 1833)
  • November 15 – James Carnahan, American clergyman and educator, ninth President of Princeton University (d. 1859)
  • November 19
  • November 20 – Gustav Anton von Seckendorff, German author (d. 1823)
  • November 21 – Josef Servas d'Outrepont, German obstetrician (d. 1845)
  • November 23
    • Clemens Wenzeslaus Coudray, German neoclassical architect (d. 1845)
    • Johann Georg Rist, Danish author (d. 1847)
    • Maria Anna of Naples and Sicily, member of the French Royal Family (d. 1780)
  • November 24 – Peter Buell Allen, politician and military commander in New York State, pioneer of Vigo County and Terre Haute (d. 1833)
  • November 25
    • Joseph Borremans, Belgian composer (d. 1858)
    • Michel Étienne Descourtilz, French physician, botanist and historiographer of the Haitian revolution (d. 1835)
    • Jean Baptiste Godart, French entomologist (d. 1825)
    • Gustaf Gabriel Hällström, Finnish scientist (d. 1844)
    • Charles Kemble, Welsh-born English actor of a prominent theatre family (d. 1854)
  • November 27
    • Jean-Françoìs de Dompierre de Jonquières, Dutch-Danish merchant (d. 1820)
    • Lauritz Weidemann, Norwegian politician (d. 1856)
  • November 28
    • William Frere, English lawyer and academic (d. 1836)
    • Jean-Charles Létourneau, notary and political figure in Lower Canada (d. 1838)
  • November 29 – Marie Antoine de Reiset, French general during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1836)
  • November 30 – Jean Joseph Antoine de Courvoisier, French magistrate and politician (d. 1835)
  • December 2 – Joseph Denis Odevaere, Neo-Classical painter from the Southern Netherlands (modern-day Belgium) (d. 1830)
  • December 5Abijah Bigelow, American politician (d. 1860)
  • December 6
    • Sir Charles Blunt, 4th Baronet, British Member of Parliament (d. 1840)
    • Nicolas Isouard, Maltese composer (d. 1818)
  • December 10
    • José María de la Cueva, 14th Duke of Albuquerque, Spanish general and ambassador (d. 1811)
    • Giacomo Filippo Fransoni, Catholic cardinal (d. 1856)
    • Jacques-Antoine Manuel, French lawyer (d. 1827)
  • December 11 – Peter Little, American politician (d. 1830)
  • December 13 – Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel the Younger, Prussian statesman (d. 1843)
  • December 14
  • December 15 – Phineas Riall, British Army general (d. 1850)
  • December 16
  • December 17 – Carlo Rossi, Russian architect (d. 1849)
  • December 20
    • Samuel Farrow, American politician (d. 1824)
    • Pierre Antoine François Huber, brigadier general in the French army (d. 1832)
  • December 21 – Julien-Joseph Virey, French naturalist and anthropologist (d. 1846)
  • December 25
    • John Fitzgerald, British Member of Parliament (d. 1852)
    • Peter Reesor, American-born Mennonite settler in Ontario (d. 1854)
    • Antun Sorkočević, Croatian composer, writer and diplomat (d. 1841)
  • December 26 – Anton Carl Ludwig von Tabouillot, French officer, nobleman and counter-revolutionary (d. 1813)
  • December 28
    • João Domingos Bomtempo, Portuguese musician (d. 1842)
    • Jean-Gabriel Eynard, Swiss banker (d. 1863)
    • Pierre François Étienne Bouvet de Maisonneuve, French admiral (d. 1860)
  • Date unknown – Jeanne Geneviève Garnerin, French balloonist and parachutist (d. 1847)

1776

1777 * January William Barton, English cricketer (d. 1825)

Paavo Ruotsalainen
  • July Thomas Clayton, American lawyer, politician (d. 1854)
  • July 9
    • Henry Hallam, English historian (d. 1859)
    • Paavo Ruotsalainen, Finnish farmer and lay preacher (d. 1852)[120]
  • July 23 Philipp Otto Runge, German painter (d. 1810)
  • July 26 Robert Hamilton Bishop, Scottish-American educator, minister (d. 1855)
  • July 27
    • Heinrich Wilhelm Brandes, German physicist (d. 1834)
    • Thomas Campbell, Scottish poet (d. 1844)
    • Henry Trevor, 21st Baron Dacre, British peer, soldier (d. 1853)
  • July 31 Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros, Argentine statesman, priest (d. 1849)
  • August 11 Giuseppe Bossi, Italian painter (d. 1815)
  • August 12 George Wolf, American politician (d. 1840)
  • Suleiman al-Halabi, Syrian student, assassin (d. 1800)
  • Carlos Anaya, Uruguayan politician (d. 1862)
  • Charles James Apperley, English sportsman, sporting writer (d. 1843)
  • Carlo Armellini, Italian politician, activist and jurist (d. 1863)
  • Mevlana Halid-i Bagdadi, Ottoman mystic (d. 1826)
  • Connell James Baldwin, Irish soldier, civil servant (d. 1861)
  • Karl Friedrich Becker, German educator, historian (d. 1806)
  • Vicente Benavides, Chilean soldier (d. 1822)
  • John Bennett (Hampshire cricketer) (d. 1857)
  • William Bellinger Bulloch, U.S. Senator (d. 1852)
  • Sophia Campbell, Australian artist (d. 1833)
  • Abiel Chandler, U.S. philanthropist (d. 1851)
  • John Claiborne, U.S. politician (d. 1808)
  • Charles Othon Frédéric Jean-Baptiste de Clarac, French artist, scholar and archaeologist (d. 1847)
  • Thomas Cochran (judge), Canadian judge (d. 1804)
  • Anselmo de la Cruz, Chilean political figure (d. 1833)
  • Thomas Day, American judge (d. 1855)
  • Benjamin D'Urban, British general, colonial administrator (d. 1849)
  • Tu'i Malila, Malagasy-born tortoise, longest living animal on record (d. 1965)

1778 * January 1

  • April 10
    • Heinrich Luden, German historian (d. 1847)
    • William Hazlitt, English writer (d. 1830)[123]
    • Johann Arzberger, Austrian technologist (d. 1835)
  • April 12 John Strachan, Bishop of Toronto (d. 1867)
  • April 14 George Philipp Ludolf von Beckedorff, prominent Prussian Catholic convert, parliamentarian (d. 1858)
  • April 15
    • William Congreve Russell, British politician (d. 1850)
    • James Crooks, Canadian politician (d. 1860)
  • April 18
    • Mary Bruce, Countess of Elgin, Scottish countess (d. 1855)
    • Christian Friedrich Nasse, German physician, psychiatrist (d. 1851)
    • Sir Matthew White Ridley, 3rd Baronet, British politician (d. 1836)
  • April 19 Elizabeth Wynne Fremantle, main author of the extensive Wynne Diaries, wife of Royal Navy officer Thomas Fremantle (1765–1819) (d. 1857)
  • April 23 John Harvey, British Army general (d. 1852)
  • April 24 John Graham, soldier notable for founding Grahamstown (d. 1821)
  • April 27 Henry Drury, English educator (d. 1841)
  • April 28 Adriaan van der Hoop, Dutch banker, politician (d. 1854)
  • April 29 Thomas Bateman, British physician, pioneer in the field of dermatology (d. 1821)
  • April 30 Arvid David Hummel, Swedish entomologist (d. 1836)
  • May 2 Nathan Bangs, American Methodist theologian (d. 1862)
  • May 3 Samuel Freeze, Canadian politician (d. 1844)
  • May 6 Henry Phillpotts, English bishop (d. 1869)
  • May 8 Marie-Louise Coidavid, Queen of the Kingdom of Haiti (1811–20) as the spouse of Henri I of Haiti (d. 1851)
  • May 9 Eli Ayers, Liberian politician (d. 1822)
  • May 10 William Ladd, American activist (d. 1841)
  • May 12 August Zeune, German educator (d. 1853)
  • May 13 Honoré V, Prince of Monaco (d. 1841)
  • May 17 Benjamin Bowring, English watchmaker (d. 1846)
  • May 18
  • May 19
  • May 25 Claus Harms, German clergyman, theologian (d. 1855)
  • May 29 Charles Kemeys Kemeys Tynte, British politician (d. 1860)
  • May 30 Richard Skinner, American politician (d. 1833)
  • May 31 Horatio Seymour, American politician (d. 1857)
  • June 2 Jean Julien Angot des Rotours, French colonial governor (d. 1844)
  • June 4 Martin Parmer, American politician (d. 1850)
  • June 6 Edmund Varney, American politician (d. 1847)
  • June 7 David Willson, Canadian Quaker minister (d. 1866)
  • June 11 John Robison, British inventor (d. 1843)
  • June 13 Frederick Louis, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (d. 1819)
  • June 14 John Cushing Aylwin, United States naval officer (War of 1812) (d. 1813)
Harry Croswell
Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
  • September 9 Clemens Brentano, German poet, novelist (d. 1842)[127]
  • September 10 Joshua Lawrence, American Baptist minister (d. 1843)
  • September 12 William Davidson, American politician (d. 1857)
  • September 14
    • John Varnum, American politician (d. 1836)
    • John Barss, Canadian politician (d. 1851)
  • September 15 Augustin Caron, Canadian politician (d. 1862)
  • September 19
  • September 20
  • September 21 Carl Ludwig Koch, German entomologist (d. 1857)
  • September 24 Michał Gedeon Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian noble (d. 1850)
  • September 25
    • Sir Charles Oakeley, 2nd Baronet, 2nd Baronet in the Oakeley Baronets (d. 1829)
    • Prince Louis of Anhalt-Köthen, Duke of Anhalt-Köthen (d. 1802)
  • September 26 Jonathan Fisk, American politician (d. 1832)
  • September 27
    • Carl Friedrich Rungenhagen, German composer, music teacher (d. 1851)
    • Damião Barbosa de Araújo, Brazilian composer (d. 1856)
  • September 28
    • Luther Lawrence, American politician (d. 1839)
    • Suzanne Douvillier, French-born American ballerina, mime & choreographer (d. 1826)
    • Catherine McAuley, Irish nun, saint (d. 1841)
  • September 29
    • Benjamin Hall, British politician (d. 1817)
    • Thomas Warsop, English cricketer (d. 1845)
  • October 5
    • Ernst Ludwig von Aster, Prussian and Russian Army general (d. 1855)
    • Jacques Joseph Champollion-Figeac, French archaeologist (d. 1867)
  • October 7
    • Charles Paget, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1839)
    • Joseph Knight, English horticulturist (d. 1855)
    • Thomas Cranley Onslow, British politician (d. 1861)
  • October 8 Hyacinthe-Louis de Quélen, French Catholic bishop (d. 1839)
  • October 9
    • Pierre-Denis, Comte de Peyronnet, President of the Bordeaux Court in France (1815) (d. 1854)
    • John FitzMaurice, Viscount Kirkwall, British politician (d. 1820)
    • Sir Lionel Smith, 1st Baronet, British Army general (d. 1842)
  • October 13 William Marks, American politician (d. 1858)
  • October 14 Francis Fane, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1844)
  • October 19 Valentine Blacker, Irish-born Surveyor General of India (d. 1826)
  • October 22 Javier de Burgos, Spanish writer, politician and jurist (d. 1849)[128]
  • October 23 Kittur Chennamma, Indian queen regnant (d. 1829)
  • October 26 Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg, British politician (d. 1866)
  • October 28 Ezekiel Blomfield, British minister (d. 1818)
  • October 29 William Creighton, Jr., United States federal judge (d. 1851)
  • October 30 Benjamin Ames, American politician (d. 1835)
  • October 31
    • Jacob Shibley, Canadian politician (d. 1862)
    • Charles Abraham Elton, English author (d. 1853)
    • John Black, Australian sailor (d. 1802)
  • November 1
  • November 3 Karlo Lanza, Dalmatian politician (d. 1834)
  • November 5
  • November 8 Joseph Signay, Canadian Catholic bishop (d. 1850)
  • November 11 Nils Astrup, Norwegian politician (d. 1835)
  • November 14
    • Heinrich Gottlieb Tzschirner, German theologian (d. 1828)
    • Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Austrian composer, virtuoso pianist (d. 1837)
  • November 15
  • November 16 Johann Joseph von Prechtl, Austrian technologist (d. 1854)
  • November 18 Lord William Stuart, British politician (d. 1814)
  • November 19 Charles de Salaberry, Canadian politician (d. 1829)
  • November 21
    • Richard Phillips, British chemist (d. 1851)
    • Thomas B. Cooke, American politician (d. 1853)
    • Joseph Warren Scott, American army officer (d. 1871)
    • Kunitomo Ikkansai, Japanese gunsmith (d. 1840)
  • November 22 Aurora Wilhelmina Koskull, Swedish lady-in-waiting, politically active salonist (d. 1852)
  • November 23
    • Mariano Moreno, Argentine politician (d. 1811)
    • Samuel Humphreys, noted American naval architect and shipbuilder in the early 19th century (d. 1846)
  • November 24 Salusbury Pryce Humphreys, British Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, and the War of 1812 (d. 1845)
  • November 25
    • Joseph Lancaster, English Quaker, public education innovator (d. 1838)
    • Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck, British abolitionist (d. 1856)
  • November 26
    • Jean-Thomas Taschereau, Canadian politician (d. 1832)
    • Henry Fane, British Army general (d. 1840)
  • November 28
    • Filippo di Colloredo-Mels, leader of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (d. 1864)
    • Abd al-Rahman of Morocco, Alaouite dynasty member (d. 1859)
  • November 29 Hryhorii Kvitka-Osnovianenko, Ukrainian writer, journalist, and playwright (d. 1843)[129]
  • November 30 Andrés Guazurary, Argentine general (d. 1825)
  • December 17
    • Humphry Davy, English physicist, chemist (d. 1829)[130]
    • William Munroe, American cabinet maker (d. 1861)
    • Juan Martín de Veramendi, Governor of Mexican Texas (d. 1833)
  • December 18 Joseph Grimaldi, English actor and comedian (d. 1837)[131]
  • December 19 Marie Thérèse of France, eldest child of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette (d. 1851)
  • December 20 Thomas P. Grosvenor, American politician (d. 1817)
  • December 21 Anders Sandøe Ørsted, Danish politician (d. 1860)
  • December 22 James Haldane Stewart, British priest (d. 1854)
  • December 23 François de Robiano, Belgian politician (d. 1836)
  • December 24
    • Inoue Masamoto, Japanese daimyō (d. 1858)
    • James Guyon, Jr., American politician (d. 1846)
    • Thomas Coventry, English cricketer (d. 1816)
  • December 25 Caleb Atwater, American politician (d. 1867)
  • December 27 Antoine François Eugène Merlin, French general (d. 1854)
  • December 28
    • Franz Xaver Heller, German botanist (d. 1840)
    • William Cowper, English-born Anglican cleric in Australia, who was the Archdeacon of Cumberland (d. 1858)
    • Charles Hanbury-Tracy, 1st Baron Sudeley, British politician (d. 1858)
    • Matthew Arbuckle, United States soldier (d. 1851)
  • December 29
    • Georg Anton Friedrich Ast, German philosopher (d. 1841)
    • Johann Simon Hermstedt, German musician (d. 1846)
  • Sardar Fath 'Ali Khan, Wazir-i-azam of Kabul (d. 1818)
  • Anna Maria Walker, Scottish botanist (d. 1852)
  • Sara Oust, Norwegian lay minister (d. 1822)
  • Marie-Madeleine Lachenais, Haitian de facto politician (d. 1843)

1779

Deaths

1770

1771

Rev. Samuel Phillips

1772

1773

  • Bjarni Halldórsson, Icelandic legal figure and theologian (b. c. 1703)[137]

1774

Christian Wilhelm Ernst Dietrich died 23 April
Maria Machteld van Sypesteyn died 26 April
William Hewson died 1 May
Joseph Gerrish died 3 June
Joshua Kirby died 20 June
Johann Jakob Reiske died 14 August
Imperial Noble Consort Qinggong died 21 August
Johann Friedrich Meckel, the Elder died 18 September
Pope Clement XIV died 22 September
Willem Bentinck van Rhoon died 13 October
Abraham Tucker died 20 November
Johann Siegmund Popowitsch died 21 November
Henry Baker died 25 November
Deborah Read died 19 December
Paul Whitehead (satirist) died 20 December
  • January 1
    • Thomas Hollis, English political philosopher and author (b. 1720)
    • Jan Jerzy Plersch, Polish sculptor (b. 1704)
  • January 7
  • January 9 Jacques-François Blondel, French architect (b. 1705)
  • January 13
    • Shem Drowne, American coppersmith (b. 1683)
    • John Pugh Pryse, British Member of Parliament (b. 1739)
  • January 18 Louis de Brienne de Conflans d'Armentières, French general (b. 1711)
  • January 19 Thomas Gillespie, Scottish church leader (b. 1708)
  • January 21
    • Florian Leopold Gassmann, Austrian composer (b. 1729)
    • Mustafa III, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1757 to 1774 (b. 1717)
    • James Lacy, actor and theatre manager (b. 1696)
    • Hans Jacob Scheel, Norwegian general (b. 1714)
  • January 22 Dudley Cosby, 1st Baron Sydney, Irish politician (b. 1730)
  • January 29 Franciszek Ferdynant Lubomirski, Franciszek Ferdynand Lubomirski was a Polish nobleman (b. 1710)
  • January 30
    • Jean-Pierre Guignon, French composer (b. 1702)
    • František Tůma, Czech composer (b. 1704)
  • January 31 Consort Yu, Concubine of Chinese Emperor Qianlong (b. 1730)
  • February 1 Johann Heinrich Zopf, German historian (b. 1691)
  • February 4 Charles Marie de La Condamine, French explorer, geographer, and mathematician (b. 1701)
  • February 8 Thomas Belasyse, 1st Earl Fauconberg, British peer (b. 1699)
  • February 17 Robert Jones, English politician (b. 1704)
  • February 18 Karl Michael von Attems, Austrian Catholic archbishop and prince of the Holy Roman Empire (b. 1711)
  • February 25 Johann Georg, Chevalier de Saxe, German general (b. 1704)
  • February 27 Knud Leem, Norwegian priest and linguist (b. 1697)
  • February 28 Anthony Askew, English physician and book collector (b. 1722)
  • April 1 Claudius Amyand, English politician (b. 1718)
  • April 4 Oliver Goldsmith, Anglo-Irish writer, poet, and physician (b. 1728)
  • April 5 Situ Panchen, Tibetan lama and painter (b. 1700)
  • April 11 Elias Gottlob Haussmann, German artist (b. 1695)
  • April 15
    • Somerset Butler, 1st Earl of Carrick, Irish peer (b. 1718)
    • Jean Ignace de La Ville, French diplomat (b. 1690)
  • April 17 John Winslow, British Army general (b. 1703)
  • April 18
    • Michael Ranft, German historian, writer and hofmeister (b. 1700)
    • Rodolfo Emilio Brignole Sale, politician (b. 1708)
  • April 20
    • Aleksandr Bibikov, Russian statesman and military officer (b. 1729)
    • Jean Saas, French lexicographer (b. 1703)
  • April 23
    • Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech, Afghan highlander (b. 1723)
    • Christian Wilhelm Ernst Dietrich, German artist (b. 1712)
  • April 24 Sara Banzet, French educator, diarist (b. 1745)
  • April 25 John Fane, 9th Earl of Westmorland, English Earl (b. 1728)
  • April 26 Maria Machteld van Sypesteyn, Dutch painter (b. 1724)
  • April 28 Gottfried Lengnich, historian and politician (b. 1689)
  • April 29 Eland Mossom, lawyer, recorder of the City of Kilkenny and representative in the Parliament of Ireland (b. 1709)
  • May 1 William Hewson, British physiologist (b. 1739)
  • May 3 Heinrich August de la Motte Fouqué, German general (b. 1698)
  • May 4
    • Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick, Russian general (b. 1714)
    • Adam Sherrill, First European to cross the Catawba River (b. 1697)
    • Richard Alchorne Worge, British Member of Parliament (b. 1707)
  • May 6 John Ward, 1st Viscount Dudley and Ward, British politician (b. 1704)
  • May 8 Réginald Outhier, French astronomer and priest (b. 1694)
  • May 10
  • May 12 Giuseppe Antonio Luchi, Italian painter (b. 1709)
  • May 17 Jeremiah Theus, American artist (b. 1716)
  • May 18 William FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Cleveland, English noble (b. 1698)
  • May 23 Tatiana Mikhailovna Troepolskaya, actor (b. 1744)
  • May 26 Wilhelm Reinhard von Neipperg, Austrian field marshal (b. 1684)
  • June 3 Joseph Gerrish, Canadian politician (b. 1709)
  • June 7
    • Ignatius van der Beken, Flemish painter (b. 1689)
    • Charles Townley, Officer of Arms (b. 1713)
  • June 11 Emmerich Joseph von Breidbach zu Bürresheim, Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1707)
  • June 15 Karl Heinrich von Bogatzky, German hymnwriter (b. 1690)
  • June 18 Francis Andrews, Irish politician (b. 1718)
  • June 20 Joshua Kirby, British artist (b. 1716)
  • June 24 Thomas Amory, English tutor/minister/poet (b. 1701)
  • June 27 Nicolas Tindal, British historian (b. 1688)
  • June 29 Zachary Pearce, English bishop (b. 1690)
  • August 10
    • William Rawlinson Earle, British Member of Parliament (b. 1702)
    • Jean Charles Joseph, Count of Merode, Marquis of Deynze, noble of the Austrian Netherlands (b. 1719)
  • August 11
    • Frederik Nannestad, Norwegian bishop (b. 1693)
    • Charles-François Tiphaigne de la Roche, French writer (b. 1722)
  • August 13 Peter Applebye, British-Danish industrialist (b. 1709)
  • August 14 Johann Jakob Reiske, German scholar, physician (b. 1716)
  • August 20 Ann Wager, American educator (b. 1716)
  • August 21 Imperial Noble Consort Qinggong, Qing Dynasty imperial noble consort (b. 1724)
  • August 25 Niccolò Jommelli, Italian composer (b. 1714)
  • August 26 Philipp Jakob Straub, Austrian sculptor (b. 1706)
  • September 5 Sir Charles Herbert Sheffield, 1st Baronet, British estate owner and baronet (b. 1706)
  • September 10 Pierre-Jean Mariette, French art historian (b. 1694)
  • September 16 Christophe Le Menu de Saint-Philbert, composer (b. 1720)
  • September 18 Johann Friedrich Meckel, the Elder, German anatomist (b. 1724)
  • September 22
    • Filippo Farsetti, Italian patron (b. 1703)
    • Charles Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (b. 1690)
    • Pope Clement XIV, pope and bishop of Rome from 1769 to 1774 (b. 1705)[138]
  • September 24 Greta Donner, Swedish businesswoman (b. 1726)
  • September 25
    • John Bradstreet, Canadian-born soldier (b. 1714)
    • Sir Richard Corbet, 4th Baronet, British Member of Parliament (b. 1696)
    • Sholto Douglas, 15th Earl of Morton, British earl (b. 1732)
  • October 2 Alfonso Clemente de Aróstegui, Scholar and Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1698)
  • October 8 Philippe Caffieri, French sculptor (b. 1714)
  • October 11 Jean-Claude Chambellan Duplessis, French designer (b. 1699)
  • October 12 Tokugawa Haruaki, Japanese samurai (b. 1753)
  • October 13 Willem Bentinck van Rhoon, Dutch politician (b. 1704)
  • October 15 Dmitry Ukhtomsky, Russian architect (b. 1719)
  • October 16 Robert Fergusson, Scottish poet and writer (b. 1750)
  • October 22 William Molineux, Colonial American merchant (b. 1718)
  • October 23 Michel Benoist, French Jesuit missionary, scientist (b. 1715)
  • October 27 Gerolamo Mengozzi Colonna, Italian painter (b. 1686)
  • October 28 Jean Löfblad, Swedish actor (b. 1728)
  • October 29 Ferdinand Augustin Hallerstein, Jesuit missionary (b. 1703)
  • October 31
    • Thomas Hunt, English academic, Oxford Laudian Professor of Arabic (b. 1696)
    • Edward Noel, 1st Viscount Wentworth, British peer (b. 1715)
  • November 1 Johan Peter Falk, Swedish botanist (b. 1732)
  • November 3 Glocester Ridley, English writer (b. 1702)
  • November 5
    • Urbain Boiret, Canadian priest (b. 1731)
    • Peter Spendelowe Lamborn, English engraver and miniature painter (b. 1722)
    • John Murray, 3rd Duke of Atholl, British peer (b. 1729)
  • November 6 Thomas Bradshaw, British Member of Parliament (b. 1733)
  • November 13 Robert Rochfort, 1st Earl of Belvedere, Anglo-Irish politician and peer (b. 1708)
  • November 15 Anne Howard, Countess of Effingham, British countess (b. 1695)
  • November 16 Francis Owen, British Member of Parliament (b. 1745)
  • November 17 Jean Althen, Armenian agronomist (b. 1709)
  • November 20 Abraham Tucker, English philosopher (b. 1705)
  • November 21 Johann Siegmund Popowitsch, Austrian botanist (b. 1705)
  • November 22
    • Robert Clive, British military officer and East India Company official (b. 1725)
    • Edward Rooker, English engraver, draughtsman and actor (b. 1712)
  • November 23 Gottfried Bernhard Göz, German artist (b. 1708)
  • November 25 Henry Baker, English naturalist (b. 1698)
  • November 28 Pierre de l'Estache, French sculptor (b. 1688)
  • November 29 Gabriel de Clieu, Guadeloupean politician (b. 1687)
  • November 30
    • John Rann, English criminal and highwayman (b. 1750)
    • Nicolas-François Dupré de Saint-Maur, French academic (b. 1695)
  • December 2 Johann Friedrich Agricola, German composer (b. 1720)
  • December 5 Karunai Prakasar, Spiritual writer and philosopher (b. 1756)
  • December 13 Guillaume du Tillot, French politician (b. 1711)
  • December 16
    • Susanne von Klettenberg, German abbess and writer (b. 1723)
    • François Quesnay, French economist (b. 1694)
    • Francis Willoughby, 3rd Baron Middleton, British baron (b. 1726)
  • December 17 Friedrich Wilhelm, Graf von Wylich und Lottum, Prussian army officer (b. 1716)
  • December 19 Deborah Read, spouse of Benjamin Franklin (b. 1708)
  • December 20 Paul Whitehead, British satirist (b. 1710)
  • December 21 Thomas Broughton, English clergyman, biographer and miscellaneous writer (b. 1704)
  • December 23 Francesco Maria Preti, architect (b. 1701)
  • December 24 Peter Fenger, Danish merchant (b. 1719)
  • December 26
    • Godfrey Bagnall Clarke, British politician (b. 1742)
    • Stephen Fox, 2nd Baron Holland, British politician and peer (b. 1745)
  • December 27
    • Louis Groston de Saint-Ange de Bellerive, Canadian explorer (b. 1700)
    • Francis Wollaston, English scientist (b. 1694)
  • December 29
    • Toussaint-Gaspard Taconet, French actor (b. 1730)
    • Maria Weenix, painter from the Northern Netherlands (b. 1697)
  • December 30 Antoniotto Botta Adorno, high officer (b. 1688)
  • December 31 Johann Christoph Handke, Czech painter (b. 1694)
  • date unknown

1775

Claude Pouteau died 10 February
William Small died 25 February
Anne Catherine Hoof Green died 23 March
Jan Caspar Philips died 24 April
Peter Boehler died 27 April
Benjamin Dass died 5 May
Egidio Duni died 11 June
Ignaz Günther died 27 June
Szymon Czechowicz died 21 July
Felipe de Castro died 25 August
Polixénia Daniel died 24 September
Fukuda Chiyo-ni died 2 October
Maria Wilhelmina von Neipperg died 21 October
Gabriel François Venel died 29 October
Guillaume de Barrême de Châteaufort died 6 November
Giovanni Bianchi (physician) died 3 December
  • January 1Ahmad Shah Bahadur, 13th Mughal Emperor (b. 1725)
  • January 2
    • St George St George, 1st Baron St George, Irish politician (b. 1710)
    • William Napier, 7th Lord Napier, British noble (b. 1730)
  • January 3
    • Henry Beekman, New York landowner and provincial assemblyman (b. 1687)
    • Robert Campbell, Nova Scotia politician (b. 1718)
  • January 6 – Khawaja Muhammad Zaman of Luari, Sindhi Sufi poet (b. 1713)
  • January 8John Baskerville, British printer (b. 1706)
  • January 10
  • January 11
    • Indra Kumari Devi, Queen consort of Nepal (b. 1724)
    • Queen Narendra of Nepal, Queen consort of Gorkha (b. 1723)
    • Prithvi Narayan Shah, last ruler of the Gorkha Kingdom in the Indian subcontinent (b. 1723)
  • January 13 – Johann Georg Walch, German theologian (b. 1693)
  • January 14 – Peter Schenk the Younger, Dutch engraver and map publisher in Leipzig (b. 1693)
  • January 15Giovanni Battista Sammartini, Italian composer (b. 1700)
  • January 17 – Vincenzo Riccati, Venetian mathematician and physicist (b. 1707)
  • January 20
    • Sebastian Klotz, German violin maker (b. 1696)
    • Sir George Oxenden, 5th Baronet, English politician (b. 1694)
  • January 21 – Isaac de Forcade de Biaix, Prussian colonel (b. 1704)
  • January 25
    • Bernardo de Rossi, Italian theologian (b. 1687)
    • Georg Friedrich Schmidt, German artist (b. 1712)
  • January 26
    • Domingo de Bonechea, Spanish explorer (b. 1713)
    • Johann Gregor Herold, German painter (b. 1696)
    • Shuja-ud-Daula, Subedar Nawab of Oudh, India (b. 1732)
  • January 29 – Henry Willoughby, 16th Baron Willoughby of Parham, Peer in House of Lords (b. 1696)
  • February 1 – Nicholas Herbert, British Member of Parliament (b. 1706)
  • February 2 – Sir John Rushout, 4th Baronet, British politician (b. 1685)
  • February 4 – John Ryder, Irish Anglican bishop (b. 1697)
  • February 5 – Eusebius Amort, German Roman Catholic theologian (b. 1692)
  • February 6 – William Dowdeswell, British politician (b. 1721)
  • February 7 – Mary Butterworth, British counterfeiter in colonial America (b. 1686)
  • February 9 – Princess Hejing, manchu princess of the Qing Dynasty (b. 1756)
  • February 10 – Claude Pouteau, French surgeon and inventor (b. 1724)
  • February 15
    • Peter Dens, Belgian Catholic theologian (b. 1690)
    • Diego Fernández, harpischord maker of the Spanish court (b. 1703)
  • February 16 – Jean-Baptiste Vivien de Châteaubrun, French dramatist and playwright (b. 1686)
  • February 24 – Ferdinando Colonna of Stigliano, 2nd Prince of Sonnino (b. 1695)
  • February 25 – William Small, Scottish physician and professor of natural philosophy (b. 1734)
  • February 28
    • Paul Cardale, British minister (b. 1705)
    • Margaret Coke, Countess of Leicester, British peeress (b. 1700)
    • Empress Xiaoyichun, Qing Dynasty empress (b. 1727)
  • March 2 – Nikolaos Doxaras, Greek artist (b. 1710)
  • March 3 – Richard Dunthorne, British astronomer (b. 1711)
  • March 5 – Pierre-Laurent Buirette de Belloy, French actor and dramatist (b. 1727)
  • March 6
    • Job Baster, Dutch naturalist (b. 1711)
    • Gaudenzio Botti, Italian painter (b. 1698)
  • March 7
    • John Boyle, 3rd Earl of Glasgow, British Earl (b. 1714)
    • Thomas Nuthall, English lawyer and politician (b. 1720)
  • March 20 – Pedro Antonio Barroeta y Ángel, Spanish Catholic priest, Archbishop of Lima, Archbishop of Granada (b. 1701)
  • March 21Thomas Penn, son of William Penn, founder of the Province of Pennsylvania (b. 1702)
  • March 22
  • March 23 – Anne Catherine Hoof Green, American printer and publisher (b. 1720)
  • March 30
    • William Irby, 1st Baron Boston, British peer (b. 1707)
    • Christian Ditlev Reventlow, Danish Privy Councillor (b. 1710)
  • March 31 – Samuel Heathcote, British Member of Parliament (b. 1699)
  • April 4 – René Charles de Maupeou, French statesman (b. 1688)
  • April 5 – Simon Nikolaus Euseb von Montjoye-Hirsingen, Prince Bishop of Basel (b. 1693)
  • April 7 – Sir Anthony Abdy, 5th Baronet, 5th Abdy Baronet (b. 1720)
  • April 10
    • Jonas Haas, German-born Danish engraver (b. 1720)
    • Louis-Florent de Vallière, Governor General of the French colony of Saint-Domingue, now Haiti (b. 1721)
  • April 11
    • Meletie Covaci, Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1707)
    • Roger Mostyn, English churchman, Canon of Windsor (b. 1720)
  • April 12
    • William Kerr, 4th Marquess of Lothian, Scottish nobleman (b. 1710)
    • Pierre Soubeyran, Genevan-French engraver and copperplate engraver (b. 1709)
    • William Vaughan, Welsh politician (b. 1707)
  • April 14 – Countess Palatine Ernestine of Sulzbach, Landgravine and Carmelite nun (b. 1697)
  • April 16 – William Leyborne Leyborne, governor of the Windward Islands (b. 1744)
  • April 19Isaac Davis, American gunsmith and militia officer (b. 1745)
  • April 24 – Jan Caspar Philips, engraver from the Northern Netherlands (b. 1690)
  • April 26 – Josiah Quincy II, American lawyer (b. 1744)
  • April 27 – Peter Boehler, Moravian missionary (b. 1712)
  • April 30
    • Francesco Barsanti, Italian flautist, oboist and composer (b. 1690)
    • Peter Harrison, English-born colonial American architect (b. 1716)
  • May 1 – Israel Lyons, English mathematician and botanist (b. 1739)
  • May 2
    • Mary Montagu, Duchess of Montagu, wife of George Brudenell Montagu, Duke of Montagu (b. 1711)
    • Fredericka of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, duchess consort of Saxe-Weissenfels (b. 1715)
  • May 3 – George Boscawen, British Army general (b. 1712)
  • May 5
    • John Blennerhassett, Anglo-Irish politician (b. 1691)
    • Benjamin Dass, Norwegian teacher and book collector (b. 1706)
  • May 7 – Cornelius Heinrich Dretzel, German organist and composer (b. 1697)
  • May 9
    • Domingo de Basavilbaso, Argentinian businessperson (b. 1709)
    • Vittoria Tesi, Italian opera singer and music teacher (b. 1701)
  • May 10
  • May 15
    • Hans-Friedrich von Krusemark, Lieutenant General in the Prussian Army of Frederick the Great (b. 1720)
    • Johann Daniel Ritter, German historian (b. 1709)
  • May 16 – Ulla von Liewen, Swedish courtier and baroness (b. 1747)
  • May 17 – Carlo Carlone, painter (b. 1686)
  • May 18
  • May 25 – Karl Gottlieb Guichard, German writer (b. 1724)
  • May 27Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon, French noblewoman (b. 1693)
  • May 28 – Barlow Trecothick, English merchant and politician (b. 1719)
  • May 30 – Jean Capperonnier, French classical scholar (b. 1716)
  • June 5 – Giovanni Gaetano Bottari, Italian scholar and critic (b. 1689)
  • June 6 – Sir Charles Burton, 1st Baronet, Anglo-Irish politician (b. 1702)
  • June 11 – Egidio Duni, Italian composer (b. 1708)
  • June 15 – Asa Pollard, American soldier (b. 1735)
  • June 17
    • Andrew McClary, soldier and major in the Continental Army during the American Revolution (b. 1730)
    • John Pitcairn, British Marine officer during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1722)
    • Joseph Warren, American doctor (b. 1741)
  • June 19 – Andrew Barclay, Scottish-American merchant (b. 1719)
  • June 21 – Charles, Prince of Nassau-Usingen and Nassau-Saarbrücken (b. 1712)
  • June 23
    • James Abercrombie, British army officer, died during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1732)
    • Karl Ludwig von Pöllnitz, German soldier, adventurer and writer (b. 1692)
  • June 26 – Aryeh Leib Epstein, Polish rabbi (b. 1708)
  • June 27
    • Ignaz Günther, German sculptor and woodcarver (b. 1725)
    • Robert Livingston, member of New York colonial assembly (b. 1688)
  • June 29 – Anna Smitshuizen, Dutch prostitute, victim of a cause célèbre murder (b. 1751)
  • June 30 – Charles Maynard, 1st Viscount Maynard, British noble (b. 1690)
  • July 3 – Thomas Gardner, American politician and colonel (b. 1724)
  • July 11 – Simon Boerum, American Continental Congressman (b. 1724)
  • July 13
    • Louis Charles, Count of Eu, member of the French Capetian dynasty (b. 1701)
    • John Ratcliffe, English academic, Master of Pembroke College, Oxford (b. 1700)
  • July 15 – Servais Duriau, Belgian Cistercian monk (b. 1701)
  • July 18 – Joseph Knight, senior Royal Navy officer, served as East Indies Station (b. c. 1708)
  • July 20 – Enrico Albrici, Italian painter (b. 1714)
  • July 21
    • Robert Bolling, American politician (b. 1738)
    • Szymon Czechowicz, prominent Polish Baroque painter (b. 1689)
  • July 22 – Thomas Lockhart, politician (b. 1739)
  • July 24 – John Pollen, British Member of Parliament (b. 1702)
  • August 4 – Sir Gregory Page, 2nd Baronet, English art collector and landowner (b. 1689)
  • August 5Maharaja Nandakumar, tax official (b. 1705)
  • August 9 – Johann Ernst Gotzkowsky, Prussian merchant, art dealer and diplomat (b. 1710)
  • August 10
    • Elihu Adams, soldier in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1741)
    • César de Missy, Prussian book collector and theologian (b. 1703)
  • August 12 – Remember Baker, American soldier, member of the Green Mountain Boys (murdered) (b. 1737)
  • August 13 – Michał Fryderyk Czartoryski, Polish nobleman (b. 1696)
  • August 14 – Laurens Storm van 's Gravesande, Dutch governor of the colonies of Essequibo and Demerara (b. 1704)
  • August 16 – Jakob Langebek, Danish historian (b. 1710)
  • August 21Zahir al-Umar, Arab ruler of northern Palestine (b. 1689)
  • August 25 – Felipe de Castro, Spanish sculptor (b. 1711)
  • August 27 – James Burgh, British Whig politician and writer (b. 1714)
  • August 28 – James Habersham, Merchant and politician in the British colony of Georgia (b. 1712)
  • August 29 – Francesco Sleter, Italian painter (b. 1685)
  • August 30 – George Faulkner, Irish publisher and bookseller (b. 1699)
  • September 2 – Antoine Touron, French historian (b. 1686)
  • September 4 – Al-Mahdi Abbas, Imam of Yemen (b. 1719)
  • September 6 – Jean-Baptiste Bullet, French writer (b. 1699)
  • September 8 – John Conyers, English politician (b. 1717)
  • September 12 – Charles-Louis Mion, French composer (b. 1699)
  • September 13
    • Klaas Annink, Dutch serial killer (executed) (b. 1710)
    • Guillaume Mazeas, French physicist (b. 1720)
    • Constantine Phipps, 1st Baron Mulgrave, Irish Baron (b. 1722)
  • September 14 – Janusz Aleksander Sanguszko, Court Marshal of Lithuania (b. 1712)
  • September 16Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl Bathurst, English privy councillor (b. 1684)
  • September 17
    • Charles Allanson, British Member of Parliament (b. 1720)
    • John Parker, American colonial farmer, smith and soldier (b. 1729)
  • September 21 – Abel Prescott Jr., American Patriot (b. 1749)
  • September 23 – John Bentinck, British naval officer, inventor and MP (b. 1737)
  • September 24
    • Emanuel Büchel, Swiss graphic artist, aquarellist, topographer and baker (b. 1705)
    • Polixénia Daniel, Hungarian noble and writer (b. 1720)
  • September 28 – Ukawsaw Gronniosaw, writer and enslaved man (b. 1710)
  • October 2 – Fukuda Chiyo-ni, Japanese haiku poet and Buddhist nun (b. 1703)
  • October 3 – Cluer Dicey, English newspaper proprietor and patent medicine vendor (b. 1715)
  • October 5 – Amos Adams, Anglican clergy (b. 1728)
  • October 10 – Louis Nicolas Victor de Félix d'Ollières, Marshal of France (b. 1711)
  • October 13 – James Cholmondeley, British Army officer, Member of Parliament (b. 1708)
  • October 14 – Gilles Joubert, French master cabinetmaker (b. 1689)
  • October 16
    • Peter van Hurk, Danish merchant (b. 1697)
    • Antti Piimänen, Finnish churchbuilder (b. 1712)
  • October 18
  • October 20 – Sir John Molesworth, 5th Baronet, British Member of Parliament (b. 1729)
  • October 21
    • François-Hubert Drouais, French painter (b. 1727)
    • Maria Wilhelmina von Neipperg, Mistress of Austrian royalty (b. 1738)
    • Sakai Tadamochi, 酒井忠用 Daimyo (b. 1723)
  • October 22Peyton Randolph, planter and public official from the Colony of Virginia (b. 1721)
  • October 27 – Johan Maurits Mohr, Dutch-German pastor and astronomer (b. 1716)
  • October 29 – Gabriel François Venel, French chemist (b. 1723)
  • November 1 – Pierre-Joseph Bernard, French writer (b. 1708)
  • November 2 – Noble Jones, British American politician (b. 1702)
  • November 3 – Juan José Pérez Hernández, Spanish explorer (b. 1725)
  • November 5
    • Tysoe Hancock, English physician (b. 1723)
    • Christian IV, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, German noble (b. 1722)
    • Luis Jayme, Spanish-born Franciscan (b. 1740)
  • November 6
    • Peter Burrell, British politician (b. 1724)
    • Guillaume de Barrême de Châteaufort, French painter (b. 1719)
  • November 7
    • Johann Gottfried Hildebrandt, organ builder (b. 1724)
    • François Rebel, French composer (b. 1701)
  • November 9 – Francisco Ximénez de Tejada, Spanish knight, 69th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1703)
  • November 12 – John Smith, English politician (b. 1727)
  • November 13 – Jeanne Camus de Pontcarré, French aristocrat and eccentric widow (b. 1705)
  • November 21 – John Hill, English author and botanist (b. 1716)
  • November 22 – Claude-Henri de Fusée de Voisenon, French dramatist and writer (b. 1708)
  • November 24 – Lorenzo Ricci, Superior General of the Society of Jesus (b. 1703)
  • November 25
    • Jacob Benzon, Norwegian judge (b. 1688)
    • Richard Spry, British Royal Navy officer, North America and West Indies Station (b. 1715)
  • November 28 – Thomas Elfe, British cabinet-maker (b. 1719)
  • November 29 – Juan Curiel, Spanish intellectual and politician (b. 1690)
  • December 3 – Giovanni Bianchi, Italian physician and zoologist (b. 1693)
  • December 7
  • December 8 – Josef Ignaz Mildorfer, Austrian painter (b. 1719)
  • December 9
    • Pietro Gnocchi, Italian composer (b. 1689)
    • Robert Livingston, landowner and politician in Colonial America (b. 1718)
  • December 15
  • December 16 – Gustavus Hamilton, Irish painter (b. 1739)
  • December 20 – Sigismund Streit, German art collector (b. 1687)
  • December 21 – Theresa Parker, English art patron (b. 1745)
  • December 28
    • John Campbell, Scottish author (b. 1708)
    • Petrus Albertus van der Parra, Dutch colonial governor (b. 1714)
    • John Phillips, English master carpenter and architect (b. 1709)
  • December 31
    • Richard Montgomery, American general (killed in battle) (b. 1738)
    • Anna Vorontsova, Russian lady-in-waiting (b. 1722)
  • Date unknown – Sarah Buttall, English silversmith

1776

James Gabriel Montresor
  • January 6 James Gabriel Montresor, British military engineer (b. 1704)
  • January 8 James Frye, colonial soldier (b. 1709)
  • January 12 Johann Philipp Murray, German historian interested in early Nordic studies and relations between England and Scandinavia (b. 1726)
  • January 14 Edward Cornwallis, British military officer, first Governor of Nova Scotia (b. 1713)
  • January 21 Jacques de Romas, French physicist (b. 1713)
  • February 13 Élisabeth Catherine Ballard (b. 1704)
  • February 18 Lady Anne Monson, English botanist (b. 1726)
  • March 4 Johann Georg Ziesenis, German – Danish portrait painter (b. 1716)
  • March 5 Pierre-Robert Le Cornier de Cideville, French magistrate and scholar (b. 1693)
  • March 7 John Bowes, 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (b. 1737)
  • March 10
    • Élie Catherine Fréron, French critic (b. 1719)
    • Niclas Sahlgren, Swedish merchant, philanthropist (b. 1701)
  • March 24 John Harrison, English clockmaker (b. 1693)
  • March 26 Samuel Ward, American politician (b. 1725)
  • March 29 Johann Gotthelf Lindner, German university teacher and writer (b. 1729)
  • March 30 Jonathan Belcher, British-American lawyer (b. 1710)
  • March 31 Jane Randolph Jefferson, wife of Peter Jefferson and the mother of US president Thomas Jefferson (b. 1720)
  • April 7 Charles-Pierre Colardeau, French poet (b. 1732)
  • April 19 Jacob Emden, leading German rabbi and talmudist who championed Orthodox Judaism (b. 1697)
  • April 20 Olivier de Vézin (b. 1707)
  • April 29 Edward Wortley Montagu, English traveller and writer (b. 1713)
  • May 4 Jacques Saly, French sculptor (b. 1717)
  • May 6 James Kent, English organist and composer (b. 1700)
  • May 7 Duchess Maria Anna Josepha of Bavaria, Duchess of Bavaria by birth and Margravine of Baden-Baden by marriage (b. 1734)
  • May 23 Jeanne Julie Éléonore de Lespinasse, French salon holder (b. 1732)
  • May 25 Richard FitzWilliam, 6th Viscount FitzWilliam (b. 1711)
  • May 30 Albert Frick, German theologian (b. 1714)
  • June 2 Continental Army General John Thomas, from smallpox (b. 1724)
  • June 10
  • June 13 Elizabeth Scott, British-American poet and Christian hymnwriter (b. 1708)
  • June 20 Benjamin Huntsman, English inventor, manufacturer (b. 1704)
  • July 7 Jeremiah Markland, English classical scholar (b. 1693)
  • July 10 Richard Peters, English-born American clergyman (b. 1704)
  • July 15 Richard Bampfylde, British politician (b. 1722)
  • July 16 Countess Palatine Francisca Christina of Sulzbach, Princess-abbess of Essen Abbey and Thorn Abbey (b. 1696)
  • July 21 Benedicta Margareta von Löwendal, German industrialist (b. 1683)
  • August 1
    • Edward Bentham, Oxford based theologian who in 1763 (b. 1707)
    • Francis Salvador, American patriot (b. 1747)
  • August 2 Louis François, Prince of Conti, French military leader (b. 1717)
  • August 14 Charles Cathcart, 9th Lord Cathcart (b. 1721)
  • August 25 David Hume, Scottish philosopher (b. 1711)
  • August 27 William Stark, Revolutionary War era officer (b. 1724)
  • August 29 Joseph Arnold, pre-revolutionary resident of North Kingstown and Exeter (b. 1710)
  • September 1 Angelica Le Gru Perotti, Italian woman painter of the Rococo (b. 1719)
  • September 6 Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII, twentieth maharaja of the Kingdom of Mysore from 1770 to 1776 (b. 1759)
  • September 22 Nathan Hale, American Revolutionary War captain, writer and patriot (executed) (b. 1755)
  • September 24 Charles Cadogan, 2nd Baron Cadogan, Anglo-Irish peer (b. 1685)
  • September 28 Cadwallader Colden, physician (b. 1688)
  • October 3 Ayşe Sultan, Ottoman princess (b. 1713)
  • October 10 Karl Gotthelf von Hund, German Freemason (b. 1722)
  • October 15 John Ellis, naturalist (b. 1710)
  • October 17 Pierre François le Courayer, French theologian (b. 1681)
  • October 28 Princess Sophie of Saxe-Hildburghausen, Princess of Saxe-Hildburghausen by birth (b. 1760)
  • October 30 Simón de Anda y Salazar, Spanish Basque governor of the Philippines from July (b. 1709)
  • November 15 Fernando de Silva, 12th Duke of Alba, Spanish duke (b. 1714)
  • November 17 James Ferguson, Scottish astronomer (b. 1710)
  • November 23 Théophile de Bordeu, French physician (b. 1722)
  • December 5 Elizabeth Percy, Duchess of Northumberland, British duchess; Lady of the Bedchamber (b. 1716)
  • December 10 Robert Hay Drummond, Archbishop of York (b. 1711)
  • December 13 Victor-Thérèse Charpentier (b. 1732)
  • December 25 John Gabriel Jones, colonial American pioneer and politician (b. 1752)
  • date unknown Muhammad al-Warghi, Tunisian writer and poet (b. c. 1713)

1777

Pierre-Herman Dosquet
Consort Shu
Charles Antoine de La Roche-Aymon
  • January 10 Spranger Barry, Irish actor (b. 1719)
  • January 12 Hugh Mercer, American Revolutionary War officer, mortally wounded in battle (b. 1726)
  • January 13 James Rait, Anglican clergyman, Scottish Episcopal Church Bishop of Brechin 1742–1777 (b. 1689)
  • January 27 Hubert de Brienne, French naval commander (b. 1690)
  • January 30 Enrichetta d'Este, Duchess of Parma (b. 1702)
  • February 9
    • Captain Abraham Godwin, American marine on USS Washington (1776 row galley) (b. 1724)
    • Seth Pomeroy, American gunsmith and soldier (b. 1706)
  • February 11 Sir Gilbert Elliot, 3rd Baronet, of Minto, Scottish statesman, philosopher and poet (b. 1722)
  • February 24 King Joseph I of Portugal (b. 1714)
  • February 28 Joab Hoisington, American major (b. 1736)
  • March 1
    • Józef Aleksander Jabłonowski, Polish nobleman (szlachcic) (b. 1711)
    • Georg Christoph Wagenseil, Austrian composer (b. 1715)
  • March 2 Empress Xiaoshengxian, mother of the Chinese Qianlong Emperor of China (b. 1692)
  • March 4 Pierre-Herman Dosquet, 4th bishop of Quebec (b. 1691)
  • March 6 Jeremias Friedrich Reuß, German theologian (b. 1700)
  • March 10 John the Painter, British criminal (b. 1752)
  • March 20 Jean-François-Joseph de Rochechouart, French Roman Catholic Cardinal (b. 1708)
  • March 23 Sir Hugh Paterson, 2nd Baronet, Scottish Jacobite and Member of the Parliament of Great Britain (b. 1685)
  • March 31 Richard Terrick, Church of England clergyman, Bishop of Peterborough 1757–1764 and Bishop of London 1764–1777 (b. 1710)
  • April 7 Anna Chamber, British noblewoman and poet (b. 1709)
  • April 29 Antonio Joli, Italian painter of vedute and capricci (b. 1700)
  • May 5 Raphael Hayyim Isaac Carregal, Palestinian rabbi preaching in the Americas (b. 1733)
  • May 7 Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Roch de Ramezay, marine captain and colonial administrator in New France (b. 1708)
  • May 9 Heneage Finch, 3rd Earl of Aylesford, Member of the Parliament of Great Britain (b. 1715)
  • May 11 George Pigot, 1st Baron Pigot, British governor of Madras (b. 1719)
  • May 19 Button Gwinnett, a signatory of the American Declaration of Independence (b. 1735)
  • May 22 David Wooster, American general in the French and Indian War and in the American Revolutionary War (b. 1711)
  • May 28 William Douglas, American military officer, leading regiments from Connecticut in the American Revolutionary War (b. 1742)
  • May 31 Henry Fane of Wormsley, English politician (b. 1703)
  • June 8 Cornelia Schlosser, sister and only sibling of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe to survive to adulthood (b. 1750)
  • June 21 Georg Friedrich Meier, German philosopher and aesthetician (b. 1718)

1778

  • January 3 Paul Jacques Malouin, French chemist (b. 1701)

1779

  • Giuseppe Bonici, Maltese architect, military engineer (b. 1707)
  • Johann Joseph Gassner, German priest (b. 1727)

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