1780s

The 1780s (pronounced "seventeen-eighties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1780, and ended on December 31, 1789. A period widely considered as transitional between the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution, the 1780s saw the inception of modern philosophy. With the rise of astronomical, technological, and political discoveries and innovations such as Uranus, cast iron on structures, republicanism and hot-air balloons, the 1780s kick-started a rapid global industrialization movement, leaving behind the world's predominantly agrarian customs in the past.

From top left, clockwise: The fall of the Bastille propelled the start of the French Revolutionary War, a war that will eventually influence global politics by the birth of democracy in governments, and conceive the idea of republicanism worldwide; The first hydrogen balloons flew successfully this decade by Jacques Charles and Nicolas-Louis Robert; George Washington becomes president of the United States of America. His ascension into office marked him as America's first president; The United States Constitution is signed in Philadelphia, formally ending the American Revolutionary War against the United Kingdom; Uranus is discovered in 1781 by William Herschel, further expanding the global scientific consensuses and understanding on the Solar System, recognizing it as the seventh planet from the Sun; The Iron Bridge opens, making it the world's very first bridge made out of cast iron, ushering in the preliminary wave of the Industrial Revolution; The Montgolfier brothers manned the world's first hot-air balloon, which stayed afloat 2 kilometres above ground in its 1783 voyage; Icelandic volcano Laki erupted in 1783, unleashing an 8-month-long environmental destruction and widespread famine across Europe. Up to 33% of Iceland's population and tens of thousands more in Mainland Europe succumbed to the chain of disasters, leading the eruption to be dubbed as "one of the worst" in contemporary history.

Events

1780

JanuaryMarch

AprilJune

JulySeptember

OctoberDecember

Date unknown

1781

JanuaryMarch

AprilJune

JulySeptember

OctoberDecember

Date unknown

1782

JanuaryMarch

AprilJune

JulySeptember

OctoberDecember

Date unknown

1783

JanuaryMarch

AprilJune

JulySeptember

OctoberDecember

Date unknown

1784

JanuaryMarch

AprilJune

JulySeptember

  • July 9 The Bank of New York opens as the first in New York state[44] and continues to operate under that name for almost 223 years until being acquired by Mellon Financial and becoming BNY Mellon.
  • July 29 The United States and the Kingdom of France sign a convention for establishing diplomatic relations and "determining the functions and prerogatives of their respective consuls, vice consuls, agents, and commissaries".[45]
  • August 13 Parliament of Great Britain passes Pitt's India Act (An Act for the better Regulation and Management of the Affairs of the East India Company and of the British Possessions in India).[46] It requires the governor-general to be chosen from outside the Company and makes company directors subject to parliamentary supervision.
  • August 15 Cardinal de Rohan is called before the French court to account for his actions, in the Affair of the Diamond Necklace.
  • August 16 Britain creates the colony of New Brunswick.
  • September 19 In France, the Robert brothers (Anne-Jean Robert and Nicolas-Louis Robert) and a Mr. Collin-Hullin (whose first name is lost to history) become the first people to fly more than 100 km or 100 miles in the air, lifting off from Paris and landing 6 hours and 40 minutes later near Bethune after a journey of 186 kilometres (116 mi).
  • September 22 Russia establishes a colony at Kodiak, Alaska.

OctoberDecember

Date unknown

1785

JanuaryMarch

AprilJune

JulySeptember

OctoberDecember

Date unknown

1786

JanuaryMarch

AprilJune

JulySeptember

OctoberDecember

Date unknown

1787


JanuaryMarch

AprilJune

JulySeptember

OctoberDecember

Date unknown

1788

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Undated

  • Annual British iron production reaches 68,000 tons.

1789

JanuaryMarch

AprilJune

April 30: First President of the United States, George Washington, inaugurated.

JulySeptember

OctoberDecember

Date unknown

Births

1780

1781

  • April 3 Swaminarayan, Indian Hindu reformer and deity (d. 1830)
  • May 9 Henri Cassini, French botanist and naturalist (d. 1832)
  • Sanité Bélair, Haitian national heroine (d. 1802)
  • Haji Shariatullah, Bengali Islamic scholar (d. 1840)[124]
  • William Williams of Wern, Welsh minister (d. 1840)

1782

Philipp Franz von Walther born 3 January
Afanasy Grigoriev born 21 January
Fyodor Tolstoy born 6 February
Friedrich Ernst Ludwig von Fischer born 8 February
Malla Silfverstolpe born 8 February
Johann Baptist Emanuel Pohl born 23 February
Louise Antoinette Lannes born 26 February
Marie Thérèse Haze born 27 February
Suzanne le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau born 1 March
Johann Rudolf Wyss born 4 March
Ferdinand Gottlieb von Gmelin born 10 March
Aglaé Auguié born 24 March
María Antonia Santos Plata born 10 April
Prince Teimuraz of Georgia born 23 April
William Darlington born 28 April
Charles-René Laitié born 6 May
Marcia Van Ness born 9 May
Johan Gustaf Sandberg born 13 May
Johann Rombauer born 28 May
Marie-Anne-Julie Forestier born 13 June
Olry Terquem born 16 June
Fortunée Briquet born 26 June
Pierre Berthier born 3 July
Rosa Morandi born 5 July
Sophie Ørsted born 16 July
Charles Lowell born 15 August
Pierre-Luc-Charles Cicéri born 17 August
Prince Carl Gustav, Duke of Småland born 25 August
Christian Ludwig Nitzsch born 3 September
Marie of Baden born 7 September
Christoph Hawich born 17 September
Stephen Price born 25 September
Richard Peek born 3 October
Charles Maclaren born 7 October
Steen Steensen Blicher born 11 October
Lorenzo Maria of Saint Francis Xavier born 30 October
John Pye born 7 November
Joseph Kornhäusel born 13 November
Sophie Swetchine born 22 November
Karl Johann Bernhard Karsten born 26 November
Henry William Pickersgill born 3 December
Waleria Tarnowska born 9 December
Hans Jakob Oeri born 16 December
Julius Vincenz von Krombholz born 19 December
Therese Brunetti born 24 December
Philaret Drozdov born 26 December
Matthias Joseph de Noël born 28 December
Konstantin Bulgakov born 31 December
  • January 1 – John Bell, British army officer (d. 1876)
  • January 2
    • Hugo von Bosch, Bavarian general and politician (d. 1865)
    • Hosea Hildreth, educator and minister in Massachusetts and New Hampshire (d. 1835)
    • El Pípila, Mexican miner and freedom fighter (d. 1863)
    • Thomas Starkie, British lawyer (d. 1849)
  • January 3
    • Turner Saunders, American preacher (d. 1854)
    • Philipp Franz von Walther, German ophthalmologist (d. 1849)
  • January 5Robert Morrison, British evangelist and first Protestant missionary in China (d. 1834)
  • January 8
    • William Mudford, British journalist and writer (d. 1848)
    • Tommaso Riario Sforza, Italian cardinal (d. 1857)
  • January 9 – Benning M. Bean, American politician (d. 1866)
  • January 11 – Jean Laforgue, French scholar (d. 1852)
  • January 12 – Martin Flint, American politician (d. 1855)
  • January 13 – Robert Aspland, English Unitarian minister (d. 1845)
  • January 14
    • Carl Ferdinand Langhans, German architect (d. 1869)
    • Stephen Lushington, British judge and Member of Parliament (d. 1873)
    • Thomas Sergeant, American lawyer and politician (d. 1860)
    • Peder Tonning, Norwegian politician (d. 1839)
  • January 15
    • Elkanah Kelsey Dare, American composer (d. 1826)
    • Nikolaus Wolfgang Fischer, German physician and chemist (d. 1850)
    • Ōkubo Tadazane, daimyo (d. 1837)
  • January 18
    • William Gosset, British Member of Parliament (d. 1848)
    • Daniel Webster, 14th and 19th United States Secretary of State (d. 1852)
  • January 19
    • Michel Bibaud, Canadian writer (d. 1857)
    • John J. Chappell, American politician (d. 1871)
    • William Eden, British soldier and politician (d. 1810)
    • William Harris, 2nd Baron Harris, British Army general (d. 1845)
  • January 20
  • January 21
    • Jan George Bertelman, Dutch composer (d. 1854)
    • Afanasy Grigoriev, Russian architect (d. 1868)
    • James Patrick Murray, British politician (d. 1834)
  • January 22
  • January 23 – José Francisco Bermúdez, Venezuelan revolutionary (d. 1831)
  • January 24 – Charles K. Williams, American politician (d. 1853)
  • January 25 – Johann Michael Ackner, Austrian archaeologist (d. 1862)
  • January 26
  • January 27
    • John Lea, US epidemiologist (d. 1862)
    • Titumir, Bengali revolutionary (d. 1831)[125]
  • January 29
    • Daniel Auber, French composer (d. 1871)
    • Daniel Parker, Adjutant general and inspector general of the US Army (d. 1846)
    • Franciszek Ścigalski, Polish composer and violinist (d. 1846)
  • January 30
    • Pierre-Nolasque Bergeret, French painter (d. 1863)
    • James Caulfeild, British politician (d. 1852)
    • Wincenty Krasiński, nobleman, political activist and military leader (d. 1858)
    • Ann Taylor, British poet and literary critic (d. 1866)
  • February 1 – Bill Johnston, American pirate (d. 1870)
  • February 2
    • James Chalmers, alleged Scottish inventor of the adhesive postage stamp (d. 1853)
    • Henri de Rigny, commander of the French squadron at the Battle of Navarino in the Greek War of Independence (d. 1835)
  • February 3
    • John Macdonald Kinneir, British diplomat (d. 1830)
    • John Lamont, Scottish sugar planter in Trinidad (d. 1850)
    • William Pinnock, British publisher and educational writer (d. 1843)
    • Ansel Sterling, American politician (d. 1853)
  • February 4
    • Charles William Grant, 5th Baron de Longueuil (d. 1848)
    • Henry Lee, US political economist (d. 1867)
  • February 6 – Fyodor Tolstoy, Russian explorer (d. 1846)
  • February 8
    • Friedrich Ernst Ludwig von Fischer, Russian botanist (d. 1854)
    • Juan Cuevas Perales, Spanish composer (d. 1855)
    • Malla Silfverstolpe, Swedish salon-holder (d. 1861)
  • February 9
    • William Havell, British artist (d. 1857)
    • Philip Shuttleworth, English churchman and academic, Bishop of Chichester (d. 1842)
  • February 10
    • Robert Hallowell Gardiner, American land owner (d. 1864)
    • Jean-Marie-Nicolas Lucas de Montigny, French magistrate (d. 1852)
    • Niels Arntzen Sem, Norwegian politician (d. 1859)
    • Ashur Ware, United States federal judge (d. 1873)
  • February 11
    • William Lowndes, American politician, enslaver (d. 1822)
    • Henri Jean de Rouvroy, Marquis of Saint-Simon, French soldier, diplomat, politician, officer (d. 1865)
  • February 12 – Auguste de Schonen, French politician (d. 1849)
  • February 14
    • Eleanora Atherton, English philanthropist (d. 1870)
    • Ephraim Sturdivant, American veteran (d. 1868)
  • February 15
    • John H. Dent, United States Navy officer (d. 1823)
    • William Miller, American religious leader (d. 1849)
    • Louis Perrin, Irish politician (d. 1864)
  • February 17 – Thomas Baxter, British artist (d. 1821)
  • February 19
    • Christopher Anderson, theological writer and preacher (d. 1852)
    • Henry Bentley, English first-class cricketer (d. 1857)
    • Princess Pauline, Duchess of Sagan, Princess of Courland (d. 1845)
  • February 22
    • Karl Stefan Aichelburg, Austrian musician (d. 1817)
    • James Towers English, Irish military commander (d. 1819)
    • John Gebhard, American politician (d. 1854)
    • Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann, German mineralogist (d. 1859)
  • February 23
    • John Wilson Campbell, US federal judge (d. 1833)
    • Peder Nielsen Hemb, Norwegian politician (d. 1850)
    • Johann Baptist Emanuel Pohl, Australian botanist, entomologist, geologist, physician (d. 1834)
  • February 24 – Thomas Uwins, British artist (d. 1857)
  • February 25 – William Sturgis, American merchant and politician (d. 1863)
  • February 26 – Louise Antoinette Lannes, Duchess of Montebello, French noble (d. 1856)
  • February 27 – Marie Thérèse Haze, Belgian Religious Sister and foundress, beatified (d. 1876)
  • February 28 – Josef Božek, Czech engineer and inventor (d. 1835)
  • March 1 – Suzanne le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau, French noblewoman (d. 1829)
  • March 2
    • Isaac Pocock, English dramatist and painter (d. 1835)
    • Edward Sheldon, politician (d. 1836)
  • March 3
    • Joseph Edson, US Marshal for Vermont (d. 1832)
    • Jean-Baptiste Sanson de Pongerville, French writer and librarian (d. 1870)
  • March 4
    • Gabriel-Alexandre Belle, French writer (d. 1855)
    • Johann Rudolf Wyss, Swiss writer (d. 1830)
  • March 5 – Wacław Hański, Polish noble (d. 1841)
  • March 6
    • Andreas Bonnevie, Norwegian politician (d. 1833)
    • Karoline von Woltmann, German translator and writer (d. 1847)
  • March 7
    • Henryka Beyer, Polish artist (d. 1855)
    • Angelo Mai, cardinal and philologist in Italy (d. 1854)
    • Charles Sterrett Ridgely, American land developer and legislator (d. 1847)
  • March 8 – Nicoll Halsey, American politician (d. 1865)
  • March 9 – Jean-François Boch, Luxembourgish industrialist and politician (d. 1858)
  • March 10
    • Ferdinand Gottlieb von Gmelin, German physician, natural historian, chemist and explorer (d. 1848)
    • Charles Gray, Captain in the Royal Marines (d. 1851)
  • March 13
    • Sir Robert Bateson, 1st Baronet, Irish politician (d. 1863)
    • Orest Kiprensky, Russian artist (d. 1836)
    • Jacob Krebs, American politician (d. 1847)
    • Ivan Leontiev, Imperial Russian general who fought in the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1824)
  • March 14
  • March 16
    • William Graham, Indiana politician (d. 1858)
    • Vasili Krasovsky, Russian writer (d. 1824)
  • March 17
    • Billy Caldwell, British-Potawatomi and American fur trader (d. 1841)
    • Franz Körte, German agronomist (d. 1845)
    • Sophie von Kühn, German noble (d. 1797)
    • John Styles, English Congregational minister and animal rights writer (d. 1849)
  • March 18
    • John C. Calhoun, vice president of the United States (d. 1850)
    • José Gabriel de Silva-Bazán, 10th Marquess of Santa Cruz, Spanish diplomat and politician (d. 1839)
  • March 19
    • Wilhelm von Biela, Austrian astronomer (d. 1856)
    • Peter Drummond-Burrell, 22nd Baron Willoughby de Eresby, English politician (d. 1865)
  • March 20James Tod, English officer of the British East India Company, oriental scholar (d. 1835)
  • March 21 – Józef Goldtmann, Polish priest (d. 1852)
  • March 22 – James Parke, 1st Baron Wensleydale, British barrister and judge (d. 1868)
  • March 23
    • William C. Bradley, American politician (d. 1867)
    • John Sudam, American politician (d. 1835)
  • March 24
    • Aglaé Auguié, French court official (d. 1854)
    • William Owsley, 16th Governor of Kentucky (d. 1862)
  • March 25
    • Caroline Bonaparte, Queen of Naples and Sicily (d. 1839)
    • Edward Grey, British Anglican bishop of Hereford (d. 1837)
  • March 26
    • Charles-Maurice Descombes, French playwright and literary critic (d. 1869)
    • Benjamin Joseph Frobisher, Canadian politician (d. 1821)
  • March 29
    • Thomas Bryn, father of the Constitution of Norway, member of Stortinget (d. 1827)
    • John Dickinson, British inventor (d. 1869)
    • Stephen Reay, Scottish priest, orientalist (d. 1861)
  • March 31
    • Jesse Ketchum, Canadian politician (d. 1867)
    • Louis-Hippolyte Lebas, French architect (d. 1867)
    • Samuel Prentiss, United States federal judge (d. 1857)
  • April 1
    • James Daly, 1st Baron Dunsandle and Clanconal, British politician (d. 1847)
    • George C. Sibley, American explorer and politician (d. 1863)
  • April 2 – Johannes West, Inspector of Greenland (d. 1835)
  • April 3
    • Daniel Garrison, American politician (d. 1851)
    • William Lyttelton, 3rd Baron Lyttelton, English Whig politician (d. 1837)
    • Alexander Macomb, United States Army general (d. 1841)
  • April 4
    • Vincenzo Flauti, Italian mathematician (d. 1863)
    • George Rowley, British academic (d. 1836)
  • April 5
    • James R. Manley, American physician (d. 1851)
    • Edward West, British economist and judge in India (d. 1828)
  • April 7Marie-Anne Libert, Belgian botanist and mycologist (d. 1865)
  • April 9 – Joseph Hunter Bryan, American politician (d. 1839)
  • April 10 – María Antonia Santos Plata, Neogranadine rebel leader & heroine (d. 1819)
  • April 11 – Abraham Abell, Irish antiquarian (d. 1851)
  • April 14 – Carlo Coccia, Italian composer (d. 1873)
  • April 15Eleazer W. Ripley, American politician (d. 1839)
  • April 16
    • William Jerdan, Scottish journalist (d. 1869)
    • Toribio de Luzuriaga, Argentinian military personnel (d. 1842)
  • April 17
    • Joseph Carne, British geologist and industrialist (d. 1858)
    • Frederick Lamb, 3rd Viscount Melbourne, British diplomat (d. 1853)
  • April 18Georg August Goldfuss, German paleontologist, mineralogist, zoologist and botanist (d. 1848)
  • April 21
  • April 23 – Prince Teimuraz of Georgia, Georgian royal prince and scholar (d. 1846)
  • April 25 – Adriano Balbi, Italian geographer (d. 1848)
  • April 26Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily, Queen of France (d. 1866)[126]
  • April 27 – Jeptha Vining Harris, Georgia militia Brigadier General (d. 1856)
  • April 28 – William Darlington, American physician, botanist, politician (d. 1863)
  • April 29 – James Fowle Baldwin, American engineer (d. 1862)
  • May 1 – Yevgeny Golovin, Russian general (d. 1858)
  • May 4
    • James Bathurst, British Army officer (d. 1850)
    • Friedrich Philipp Ritterich, German ophthalmologist (d. 1866)
    • John R. Williams, American politician (d. 1854)
  • May 5 – Edward Richard Stewart, British politician (d. 1851)
  • May 6
    • Charles-René Laitié, French sculptor (d. 1862)
    • Edward Charles Whinyates, English army officer (d. 1865)
  • May 8Ivan Paskevich, military leader of Ukrainian descent (d. 1856)
  • May 9
    • Virgil Horace Barber, American Jesuit (d. 1847)
    • Marcia Van Ness, founded Washington Orphan Asylum in 1815 (d. 1832)
  • May 10Louis-René Villermé, French economist (d. 1863)
  • May 12 – Lippmann Moses Büschenthal, German poet (d. 1818)
  • May 13
    • Henry A. P. Muhlenberg, American politician (d. 1844)
    • Johan Gustaf Sandberg, Swedish artist (d. 1854)
    • Ferdinand de Bertier de Sauvigny, French politician (d. 1864)
  • May 14
    • John McElroy, Jesuit Priest (d. 1877)
    • Antoine-Marie Roederer, French politician (d. 1865)
  • May 16 – John Sell Cotman, British artist (d. 1842)
  • May 18
    • John Ferneley, English painter (d. 1860)
    • Ludwig Adolf Wilhelm von Lützow, Prussian lieutenant-general (d. 1834)
    • Valerian Madatov, Russian general (d. 1829)
    • Gilbert C. Russell, American military officer (d. 1861)
  • May 19
  • May 22 – Hirose Tansō, Japanese poet and writer (d. 1856)
  • May 23
    • Christopher Crackenthorp Askew, British Royal Navy officer, captain in 1822 (d. 1848)
    • Charles Fothergill, Canadian politician (d. 1840)
  • May 26
    • Medora Gordon Byron, British Romantic novelist (d. 1858)
    • Joseph Drechsler, Czech conductor, music educator, composer and organist (d. 1852)
    • Erasmo Seguín, head postmaster of San Antonio, Texas (d. 1857)
    • George Small, Scottish piano manufacturer (d. 1861)
    • Sir George Strickland, 7th Baronet, British politician (d. 1874)
  • May 27 – Antoni Jan Ostrowski, Polish general (d. 1845)
  • May 28
    • Sir Charles Mansfield Clarke, 1st Baronet, British surgeon (d. 1857)
    • Johann Rombauer, painter from Hungary (d. 1849)
    • Wouter Johannes van Troostwijk, painter from the Northern Netherlands, 1782–1810 (d. 1810)
  • May 29 – James Murray, 1st Baron Glenlyon, British Army general (d. 1837)
  • May 30John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer, British politician (d. 1845)
  • May 31 – Thomas Courtenay, British politician (d. 1841)
  • June 1
    • Lord William FitzRoy, British Member of Parliament (d. 1857)
    • Thomas Van Horne, US politician and Ohio State Senator (d. 1841)
    • Konstantin Poltoratsky, lieutenant general of the Imperial Russian Army (d. 1858)
    • Ferdinand von Tiesenhausen, Russian noble and military commander (d. 1805)
  • June 3Charles Waterton, English naturalist, explorer and conservationist (d. 1865)
  • June 4
    • Frédéric Théodore Faber, Belgian painter (d. 1844)
    • Christian Martin Frähn, German and Russian numismatist and historian (d. 1851)
  • June 5
    • Lemuel Williams Jr., American lawyer and politician (d. 1869)
    • Ulrik Frederik Anton de Schouboe, Norwegian civil servant and politician (d. 1863)
  • June 6 – Vicenta Moguel, Basque writer and translator (d. 1854)
  • June 7 – Rowland Alston, English politician (d. 1865)
  • June 8 – Seaton Grantland, American politician (d. 1864)
  • June 9
    • Peter Fisher, Canadian historian (d. 1848)
    • Alexander Powell, British Tory politician and MP (d. 1847)
  • June 10
    • Amable Guillaume Prosper Brugière, baron de Barante, French historian and statesman (d. 1866)
    • Ole Christian Andersen Nøstvig, Norwegian politician (d. 1852)
  • June 11 – Richard Hill, Church of England clergyman in New South Wales (d. 1836)
  • June 12
    • Pyotr Kotlyarevsky, Russian general (d. 1851)
    • Peter Schmidt, Norwegian politician and businessman (d. 1845)
  • June 13
    • Marie-Anne-Julie Forestier, French painter (d. 1853)
    • William Bullein Johnson, American Baptist minister (d. 1862)
  • June 14 – Anton Aloys Wolf, Prince-Bishop of Laibach (Ljubljana) (d. 1859)
  • June 15Alexander George Woodford, British Army officer (d. 1870)
  • June 16
    • Nehemiah Eastman, American congressman for New Hampshire (d. 1856)
    • Olry Terquem, French mathematician (d. 1862)
  • June 17 – Joseph Slater Jr., British portrait painter and draughtsman (d. 1837)
  • June 18
    • George Rodney, 3rd Baron Rodney, British Baron (d. 1842)
    • Marceli Tarczewski, Polish lawyer (d. 1843)
  • June 19 – Félicité de La Mennais, French priest, philosopher and political theorist (d. 1854)
  • June 20Charles Floyd, American explorer (d. 1804)
  • June 21 – Princess Maria Augusta of Saxony (d. 1863)
  • June 24
    • Sir William Heygate, 1st Baronet, British MP (d. 1844)
    • Juan Larrea, Argentine politician (d. 1847)
    • Harmanus Peek, American politician (d. 1838)
  • June 25 – William O'Brien, Canadian political figure in Nova Scotia (d. 1851)
  • June 26
    • Fortunée Briquet, French woman of letters (d. 1815)
    • Juan José Pedro Carrera, Chilean politician (d. 1818)
    • Peter Paul Dobrée, British classical scholar (d. 1825)
  • June 29
    • Hans Christian Lyngbye, Danish priest and botanist (d. 1837)
    • William Stockbridge, American businessman (d. 1850)
  • June 30 – William Cathcart, Scottish naval officer (d. 1804)
  • July 1 – Pieter Hendrik van Zuylen van Nijevelt, Dutch and French army general (d. 1825)
  • July 2 – Adrien de Rougé, French statesman, soldier (d. 1838)
  • July 3 – Pierre Berthier, French geologist (d. 1861)
  • July 4 – Adèle Duchâtel, French court official (d. 1860)
  • July 5
    • Mads Lauritz Madsen, Norwegian politician (d. 1840)
    • Arabella Menage, British actress and dancer (d. 1817)
    • Rosa Morandi, Italian soprano (d. 1824)
  • July 6
  • July 7
    • John Myers Felder, American politician (d. 1851)
    • Thomas Wilde, 1st Baron Truro, British lawyer, judge and politician (d. 1858)
  • July 9
    • Tomaso Catullo, Italian noblemen, geologist, paleontologist and zoologist (d. 1869)
    • Lancelot-Théodore Turpin de Crissé, French painter and writer (d. 1859)
  • July 10Moses Elias Levy, Jewish-American businessman and reformer (d. 1854)
  • July 12 – Étienne Marc Quatremère, French orientalist (d. 1857)
  • July 13
    • Thomas William Taylor, British Army officer (d. 1854)
    • Charlotte White, American missionary (d. 1863)
  • July 14
  • July 16
    • Sophie Ørsted, Danish muse (d. 1818)
    • Joachim Heinrich Wilhelm Wagener, German banker and patron of the arts (d. 1861)
  • July 17 – James Cockle, British surgeon (d. 1854)
  • July 18 – Mariano Enrique Calvo, president and vice president of Bolivia (d. 1842)
  • July 19
    • Jonathan Blewitt, English composer (d. 1853)
    • Charles Gardiner, 1st Earl of Blessington, Irish Earl (d. 1829)
    • Iinuma Yokusai, Japanese botanist and physician (d. 1865)
  • July 23 – Johann Heinrich Rosenplänter, Baltic German parish priest and linguist (d. 1846)
  • July 24
    • John Fox Burgoyne, British Army officer (d. 1871)
    • William Temple Thomson Mason, American businessman (d. 1862)
  • July 25
    • Mariano Boedo, Argentine politician (d. 1819)
    • Lincoln Goodale, American doctor (d. 1868)
    • Michael Rohde, German botanist (d. 1812)
    • Sir David Scott, 2nd Baronet, Member of the United Kingdom Parliament (d. 1851)
  • July 26John Field, Irish pianist, composer and teacher (d. 1837)
  • July 27 – Basilio Puoti, Italian lexicographer and literary critic (d. 1847)
  • July 28
    • Aristaces Azaria, Armenian Catholic abbot and archbishop (d. 1855)
    • Thomas Burnside, American politician (d. 1851)
  • July 29
    • François Liénard de la Mivoye, French zoologist and botanist (d. 1862)
    • Jesse Wharton, American politician (d. 1833)
  • July 31 – Oliver H. Prince, American politician (d. 1837)
  • August 1
    • Johann Casimir Benicken, German jurist and judge (d. 1838)
    • Eugène de Mazenod, French bishop and saint (d. 1861)
  • August 2 – Johannes van Hooydonk, Dutch Roman Catholic clergyman and bishop (d. 1868)
  • August 4 – John Kerr, member of the US House of Representatives (d. 1842)
  • August 6 – William Spencer, American judge and politician (d. 1871)
  • August 10
  • August 12 – Ole Johansen Winstrup, Danish engineer and inventor (d. 1867)
  • August 13 – Conrad Ten Eyck, American politician (d. 1847)
  • August 15
    • Carlo Brioschi, Italian astronomer (d. 1833)
    • James Smith of Jordanhill, Scottish merchant, geologist and biblical critic (d. 1867)
    • Charles Lowell, United States Unitarian minister (d. 1861)
    • Henri de Merode, member of the Belgian Senate and writer (d. 1847)
    • Faustin Soulouque, President and emperor of Haiti (d. 1867)
  • August 16 – Elderkin Potter, American politician and lawyer (d. 1845)
  • August 17
    • Pierre-Luc-Charles Cicéri, French stage designer (d. 1868)
    • Pavel Martynov, Russian Lieutenant General (d. 1838)
  • August 18
    • Jean-Louis Boisselot, French composer and piano manufacturer (d. 1847)
    • Marcellin Marbot, French general (d. 1854)
  • August 20
    • Nicolas-Philibert Adelon, French physician (d. 1862)
    • Charles Fraser, American painter (d. 1860)
    • Juliana de Almeida e Oyenhausen, Russian noble (d. 1864)
  • August 23 – David Hudson, American politician (d. 1860)
  • August 25
    • Charles Comte, French lawyer, journalist and political writer (d. 1837)
    • Joseph Heinrich Gügler, Swiss theologian (d. 1827)
    • Prince Carl Gustav, Duke of Småland, Swedish prince (d. 1783)
    • Sylvester Pattie, American frontiersman (d. 1828)
  • August 28
    • Antoine Maurice Apollinaire d'Argout, French politician (d. 1858)
    • John Wray, barrister and the first Receiver of the London Metropolitan Police (d. 1869)
  • August 29
    • John Bowman, American lawyer, banker and politician from New York (d. 1853)
    • Louis Antoine François de Marchangy, French advocate general, poet and politician (d. 1826)
    • John Augustine Smith, President of the College of William & Mary (d. 1865)
  • August 30 – Christian of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken, Bavarian general (d. 1859)
  • August 31
    • Joseph H. Crane, American politician (d. 1851)
    • Edward Russell, American politician (d. 1835)
  • September 1
    • Frances Alsop, English actor (d. 1816)
    • Thomas Reade, English army officer and consul in Tunis (d. 1849)
  • September 2 – Myndert Van Schaick, American politician (d. 1865)
  • September 3
    • Benedict Joseph Fenwick, American Catholic bishop (d. 1846)
    • Christian Ludwig Nitzsch, German zoologist and botanist (d. 1837)
  • September 5
    • Charles Malcolm, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1851)
    • Maeda Narinaga, Japanese samurai and daimyo (d. 1824)
  • September 6 – Doxachi Hurmuzachi, ethnic Romanian boyar from the Duchy of Bukovina (d. 1857)
  • September 7
    • Princess Marie of Baden, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel & Brunswick-Oels (d. 1808)
    • Clark Bissell, American judge and politician (d. 1857)
    • Susan Edmonstone Ferrier, Scottish novelist (d. 1854)
    • Crown Prince Munhyo, Crown prince of the Kingdom of Korea (d. 1786)
  • September 8
  • September 9
    • Andreas Andersen Feldborg, Danish writer (d. 1838)
    • Charles-François Painchaud, Quebec priest (d. 1838)
  • September 10 – John Ketcham, American politician (d. 1865)
  • September 11
    • Fisher A. Blocksom, American politician and lawyer from Ohio (d. 1876)
    • Daniel Gaskell, British politician (d. 1875)
  • September 13 – William Wood, Scottish surgeon (d. 1858)
  • September 14 – Christian Magnus Falsen, jurist, father of the Constitution of Norway and member of Stortinget (d. 1830)
  • September 16
    • Daoguang Emperor, Qing-dynasty Chinese emperor (d. 1850)
    • Hans Nilsen Gubberud, Norwegian politician (d. 1835)
  • September 17 – Christoph Hawich, German lithographer and painter (d. 1848)
  • September 18 – José Tomás Boves, Spanish general (d. 1815)
  • September 19
    • Karl von Fischer, German architect (d. 1820)
    • Vicente Genaro de Quesada, Spanish general (d. 1836)
    • Robert Sale, British Army general (d. 1845)
    • John Wroe, British evangelist (d. 1863)
  • September 20
    • Richard Dunning, 2nd Baron Ashburton, British noble (d. 1823)
    • Edward John Eliot, English cavalry officer (d. 1863)
  • September 22
    • Pierre-Dominique Debartzch, Canadian politician (d. 1846)
    • Fredric Westin, Swedish painter (d. 1862)
  • September 23
  • September 24 – William Symonds, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1856)
  • September 25
    • Charles Maturin, Irish writer (d. 1824)
    • Stephen Price, theatre manager from New York City (d. 1840)
  • September 27 – Thomas M. Nelson, American politician (d. 1853)
  • September 28 – George Smith, English architect and surveyor (d. 1869)
  • September 29 – Windham Quin, 2nd Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl, British politician (d. 1850)
  • October 3
  • October 4 – James Wadmore, English art collector (d. 1853)
  • October 6
    • Isidro Barrada, Spanish military personnel (d. 1835)
    • James Gordon, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1869)
  • October 7
    • John Duer, American jurist (d. 1852)
    • Charles Maclaren, Scottish journalist and geologist (d. 1866)
    • James Lucas Yeo, British naval commander (d. 1818)
  • October 8 – Robert Lucas Chance, British glass maker (d. 1865)
  • October 9
    • Lewis Cass, American military officer, politician, statesman (d. 1866)
    • Tilly Lynde, American politician (d. 1857)
    • William Holland Wilmer, American episcopal priest (d. 1827)
  • October 11
    • Steen Steensen Blicher, Danish writer (d. 1848)
    • Christian Heinrich Bünger, German anatomist and surgeon (d. 1842)
    • Georg Andreas von Rosen, Russian army general (d. 1841)
    • Pierre-Antoine Tabeau, Canadian missionary (d. 1835)
  • October 12
    • Henry Dodge, American politician and general (d. 1867)
    • Jared Groce, American planter, slaveowner and settler (d. 1836)
  • October 13 – Joseph Nigg, Austrian artist (d. 1863)
  • October 14 – James Gilmour, Canadian businessman (d. 1858)
  • October 15 – James Elmes, English writer and architect (d. 1862)
  • October 16
    • Alois Pichl, Austrian architect (d. 1856)
    • Hamelin Trelawny, British politician (d. 1856)
  • October 18
    • Joseph M. Street, Iowa pioneer, trader and US Indian Agent (d. 1840)
    • Karl Friedrich Eusebius Trahndorff, German philosopher (d. 1863)
  • October 19 – J. T. Wedgwood, British engraver (d. 1856)
  • October 20 – Christian Blom, Norwegian composer (d. 1861)
  • October 24 – William Norton Shinn, American politician (d. 1871)
  • October 25
    • Iosif Ivanovich Charlemagne, Russian architect (d. 1861)
    • Levi Lincoln Jr., Massachusetts Governor and Congressman (d. 1868)
    • Sir William Verner, 1st Baronet, British politician (d. 1871)
  • October 26
    • Carlo Tancredi Falletti di Barolo, Italian politician and mayor (d. 1838)
    • Charles Goodall, English cricketer (d. 1872)
  • October 27Niccolò Paganini, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1840)
  • October 28 – Henry Meigs, American politician (d. 1861)
  • October 30 – Lorenzo Maria of Saint Francis Xavier, Italian saint (d. 1856)
  • November 1
  • November 2 – Eustoquio Díaz Vélez, Spanish-Argentine general (d. 1856)
  • November 3 – Lewis Warrington, United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 1851)
  • November 4
    • John Branch, American politician (d. 1863)
    • Nanbu Toshitaka, Japanese samurai, 10th daimyō of Morioka Domain, northern Japan (d. 1820)
  • November 6Maha Bandula, Burmese general (d. 1825)
  • November 7
    • Friedrich Karl Gustav, Baron von Langenau, Austrian field marshal (d. 1840)
    • Edward Hawker, Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars (d. 1860)
    • John Pye, English landscape engraver (d. 1874)
  • November 11
    • Francis Blackburne, Lord Chancellor of Ireland (d. 1867)
    • Nathan Dunn, American collector (d. 1844)
    • Elihu Embree, American abolitionist and newspaper editor (d. 1820)
  • November 12
    • William Hendricks, American politician (d. 1850)
    • Granville Proby, 3rd Earl of Carysfort, British naval commander and Whig politician (d. 1868)
    • James Wedderburn, Solicitor General for Scotland (d. 1822)
  • November 13
    • Sir Alexander Grant, 8th Baronet, British politician (d. 1854)
    • Joseph Kornhäusel, Austrian architect (d. 1860)
    • Esaias Tegnér, Swedish poet, professor and bishop (d. 1846)
  • November 16
  • November 17 – Conrad Graf, German piano maker (d. 1851)
  • November 19 – John McCarty, American politician (d. 1851)
  • November 20
    • Alexander Macdonell of Greenfield, Canadian politician and businessman (d. 1835)
    • Georgius Jacobus Johannes van Os, painter from the Northern Netherlands (d. 1861)
  • November 21 – William Tippet, Anglo-Indian Judge and Magistrate (d. 1824)
  • November 22
    • Richard Bagot, Bishop of Oxford, Dean of Canterbury (d. 1854)
    • Sophie Swetchine, Russian salon-holder (d. 1857)
  • November 25
    • George Tillson, American industrialist (d. 1864)
    • Thomas Contee Worthington, American politician (d. 1847)
  • November 26
    • Karl Johann Bernhard Karsten, German mineralogist (d. 1853)
    • Johan Christopher Ræder, Norwegian politician (d. 1853)
  • November 28 – John R. Drake, American politician (d. 1857)
  • November 29 – Henry Walton Ellis, British Army officer (d. 1815)
  • November 30 – Giuseppe Moretti, Italian botanist (d. 1853)
  • December 2 – Gerard Thomas Noel, British cleric (d. 1851)
  • December 3
    • John E. Coffee, American politician (d. 1836)
    • Henry William Pickersgill, British artist (d. 1875)
  • December 5
    • Martin Van Buren, 8th president of the United States (d. 1862)
    • Sir George Warrender, 4th Baronet, British politician (d. 1849)
  • December 7
    • James Earickson, American politician (d. 1844)
    • Nicolaus Michael Oppel, German naturalist (d. 1820)
    • Joseph Trumbull, American politician and lawyer (d. 1861)
  • December 9 – Waleria Tarnowska, Polish painter and art collector (d. 1849)
  • December 10
    • Thomas William Brotherton, British general (d. 1868)
    • Charles Nicolas Fabvier, French military personnel, politician and diplomat (d. 1855)
    • Friedrich Konrad Griepenkerl, German philosopher, educationist, musicologist and musician (d. 1849)
  • December 11
    • George Barnes, English archdeacon (d. 1847)
    • Johann Friedrich Müller, German copperplate engraver (d. 1816)
  • December 12 – Marie-Victoire Baudry, Canadian superior general (d. 1846)
  • December 13 – John Clitherow, British Army general (d. 1852)
  • December 16
    • Hans Jakob Oeri, Swiss painter (d. 1868)
    • Louis-Barthélémy Pradher, French composer, pianist and music educator (d. 1843)
    • Diego Bautista Urbaneja, Venezuelan politician (d. 1856)
  • December 17 – James Fullarton, Scottish soldier who fought in the Kandyan Wars (d. 1834)
  • December 19 – Julius Vincenz von Krombholz, Czech botanist, surgeon, doctor and mycologist (d. 1843)
  • December 21
    • Benoit Tranquille Berbiguier, French composer (d. 1838)
    • Randolph Isham Routh, British commissariat officer (d. 1858)
  • December 22 – Jean Bélanger, Canadian politician (d. 1827)
  • December 23
  • December 24
    • Therese Brunetti, Austrian actress (d. 1864)
    • Charles Hubert Millevoye, poet from France (d. 1816)
  • December 25
    • Victory Birdseye, American politician (d. 1853)
    • Nathaniel Fish Moore, American university administrator (d. 1872)
  • December 26 – Philaret Drozdov, Russian bishop (d. 1867)
  • December 27
    • Samuel Hood, Anglican Dean of Argyll and The Isles (d. 1872)
    • Henry Vail, American politician (d. 1853)
  • December 28
    • Joseph Arnold, English naval surgeon and naturalist (d. 1818)
    • Matthias Joseph de Noël, German writer and art collector (d. 1849)
    • Cajetan von Textor, German physician (d. 1860)
  • December 29
    • François-Joseph Grille, French librarian (d. 1853)
    • William Lloyd, British army officer (d. 1857)
    • Benjamin Woodworth, American politician (d. 1874)
  • December 30
    • John Freeman Milward Dovaston, British poet and naturalist (d. 1854)
    • Jonas Anton Hielm, Norwegian politician (d. 1848)
  • December 31
    • Konstantin Bulgakov, Russian diplomat and postal director (d. 1835)
    • Jean-Pierre Sylvestre de Grateloup, French naturalist (d. 1861)

1783

1784

1785

1786

1787

  • Juana Galán, Spanish heroine (d. 1812)
  • Shaka, Zulu king (d. 1828)

1788

1789

René Edward De Russy

Deaths

1780

1781

1782

1783

1784

1785

1786

1787

1788

1789

  • September 23
    • John Rogers, American Continental Congressman for Maryland (b. 1723)
    • Silas Deane, American Continental Congressman for Connecticut (b. 1737)
  • October 9 James Hamilton, 8th Earl of Abercorn (b. 1712)
  • October 27 John Cook, American farmer, President of Delaware (b. 1730)
  • October 28 (bur.) Mary Evans, Welsh sect leader (b. 1735)
  • November 10 Richard Caswell, American major general of the Revolutionary War, Continental Congressman and Governor of North Carolina (1776–80, 1785–87) (b. 1729)
  • November 17 Samuel Holden Parsons, American major general of the Revolutionary War, member of the Connecticut House of Representatives (b. 1737)
  • November 26 John Elwes, English miser and politician (b. 1714)
  • December 3 Claude Joseph Vernet, French painter (b. 1714)
  • December 10 William Pierce, American member of the Georgia House of Representatives, Continental Congressman for Georgia (c. 1753)
  • December 12 John Ponsonby, Irish politician (b. 1713)
  • December 23 Charles-Michel de l'Épée, French philanthropist, developer of signed French (b. 1712)

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