1649

1649 (MDCXLIX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1649th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 649th year of the 2nd millennium, the 49th year of the 17th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1640s decade. As of the start of 1649, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
May 19: England is made a parliamentary republic by vote of the House of Commons, with Oliver Cromwell as the chief executive (as "Lord Protector") of the Commonwealth of England.
1649 by topic
Arts and science
  • Architecture
  • Art
  • Literature
  • Music
  • Science
Leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
  • Works
1649 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1649
MDCXLIX
Ab urbe condita2402
Armenian calendar1098
ԹՎ ՌՂԸ
Assyrian calendar6399
Balinese saka calendar1570–1571
Bengali calendar1056
Berber calendar2599
English Regnal year24 Cha. 1 – 1 Cha. 2
(Interregnum)
Buddhist calendar2193
Burmese calendar1011
Byzantine calendar7157–7158
Chinese calendar戊子年 (Earth Rat)
4346 or 4139
    — to —
己丑年 (Earth Ox)
4347 or 4140
Coptic calendar1365–1366
Discordian calendar2815
Ethiopian calendar1641–1642
Hebrew calendar5409–5410
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1705–1706
 - Shaka Samvat1570–1571
 - Kali Yuga4749–4750
Holocene calendar11649
Igbo calendar649–650
Iranian calendar1027–1028
Islamic calendar1058–1059
Japanese calendarKeian 2
(慶安２年)
Javanese calendar1570–1571
Julian calendarGregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar3982
Minguo calendar263 before ROC
民前263年
Nanakshahi calendar181
Thai solar calendar2191–2192
Tibetan calendar阳土鼠年
(male Earth-Rat)
1775 or 1394 or 622
    — to —
阴土牛年
(female Earth-Ox)
1776 or 1395 or 623
January 30: Former King Charles of England is beheaded as Parliament prepares to abolish the monarchy
September 3–11: Siege of Drogheda

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September
  • July 5 – After news reaches the Western Hemisphere that King Charles I has been deposed and executed, the English colonial government of the Somers Isles, now called Bermuda, proclaims its recognition of Charles II as the rightful ruler of the islands. [9]
  • July 27 – The Commonwealth of England Parliament passes the "Act for the promoting and propagating the Gospel of Jesus Christ in New England" to create the "Company for Propagation of the Gospel in New England and the parts adjacent in America" for Christian missionary ministries to Native American tribes. The New England Company will continue to operate more than three and a half centuries later. [10]
  • July 31 – Ukrainian Cossack troops under the command of Mykhailo Krychevsky and Stepan Pobodailo are overwhelmed in the Battle of Loyew (in what is now Belarus) by a smaller force of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth soldiers led by Lithuania's Janusz Radziwiłł, with the Cossacks losing more than 3,000 fighters. Krychevsky is mortally wounded and dies on August 3.
  • August 8 – Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh completes Book VIII of Leabhar na nGenealach, in Galway, within days of an outbreak of the plague.
  • August 17 – The Treaty of Zboriv is signed by representatives of King John II Casimir of Poland and the representatives of the Cossacks and Crimean Tartars to partially settle the Khmelnytsky Uprising.
  • August 15 – Oliver Cromwell lands in Dublin, unopposed and with thousands of English troops, to begin the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.
  • August 26 – After his "True Levellers", commonly called "The Diggers", abandon their last major colony at St. George's Hill at Weybridge in England, their leader, Gerrard Winstanley, publishes the pamphlet "A Watch-Word to The City of London, and the Armie", recounting the experience. [11]
  • September 2 – The Italian city of Castro is completely destroyed by the forces of Pope Innocent X, ending the Wars of Castro.
  • September 3 – Oliver Cromwell leads England's New Model Army to start the Siege of Drogheda in Ireland, and breaks through on September 11, executing the last of the original 2,550 Irish Catholic defenders and their leader, the English Royalist Sir Arthur Aston.
  • September 30 – The last of Sweden's troops vacate Prague.

October–December
  • October 11 – The Sack of Wexford in Ireland ends after having started on October 2, with Cromwell's New Model Army breaking through, killing more than 1,500 Irish Catholic defenders and civilians, while losing only 20 of the English soldiers. The capture of Wexford ends the remaining chance that Charles II, heir to the English throne, can land troops in Ireland, and Charles and the royalist fleet flee to Portugal.
  • November 24 – The first phase of the Siege of Waterford begins as Cromwell's New Model Army attempts to take on the strategically-located Irish city's defenders with his own exhausted army. Cromwell is forced to call off the siege after eight days and his army retreats to its winter quarters at Dungarvan on December 2.
  • December 6 – The Scottish defenders of Ireland are defeated by Cromwell's forces in the Battle of Lisnagarvey in County Antrim, with 1,500 Scots killed or captured, and New Model Army battalion of Colonel Robert Venables suffering minimal losses. The battle ends the Scottish presence in Ireland and settlers are expelled from the island in the days that follow.
  • December 20 – The Puritan law enforcers of the Commonwealth of England raid the Red Bull Theatre in London for violations of the laws against performance of plays and arrest the actors, as well as confiscating their property.
  • December 30 – Chinese General Geng Zhongming, having reported to the Qing dynasty commanders to face charges of harboring runaway slaves during his fight against the Southern Ming dynasty troops, commits suicide while waiting for a verdict in his court-martial. (1943). [12] His son, Geng Jimao, continues to fight against the Southern Ming.

Undated

Births

January–March
  • January 12 – Jacques Carrey, French painter (d. 1726)
  • January 18
  • January 22 – Pascal Collasse, French composer (d. 1709)
  • January 30 – Lionel Tollemache, 3rd Earl of Dysart, British politician and nobleman (d. 1727)
  • February 6
    • John Benedict, Connecticut politician and deacon (d. 1729)
    • Augusta Marie of Holstein-Gottorp, Consort of Frederick VII, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (d. 1728)
  • February 8 – Gabriel Daniel, French Jesuit historian (d. 1728)
  • February 11 – William Carstares, Scottish minister (d. 1715)
  • February 16 – Antonio Lupis, prolific Italian writer (d. 1701)
  • February 19 – Daniel Erich, German organist and composer (d. 1712)
  • February 22 – Bon Boullogne, French painter (d. 1717)
  • February 25 – Johann Philipp Krieger, German Baroque composer (d. 1725)
  • March 2 – Andreas Gottlieb von Bernstorff, German politician (d. 1726)
  • March 3 – John Floyer, English physician and author (d. 1734)
  • March 12 – Govert Bidloo, Dutch physician, anatomist, poet and playwright (d. 1713)
  • March 13 – Simon Henry, Count of Lippe-Detmold (1666–1697) (d. 1697)
  • March 19 – Marie Morin, New France nun and historian (d. 1730)
  • March 30 – John Trenchard, English politician (d. 1695)

April–June
  • April 5 – Elihu Yale, American benefactor of Yale University (d. 1721)
  • April 8 – Charles Berkeley, 2nd Earl of Berkeley, English diplomat (d. 1710)
  • April 9 – James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland (d. 1685)
  • April 11 – Princess Frederica Amalia of Denmark, daughter of King Frederick III of Denmark (d. 1704)
  • April 16 – Jan Luyken, Dutch engraver (d. 1712)
  • April 17 – Charles Henri, Prince of Commercy (d. 1723)
  • April 23 – Andreas Kneller, German organist and composer (d. 1724)
  • May 2 – Engel de Ruyter, Dutch admiral (d. 1683)
  • May 3 – Johann Valentin Meder, German composer (d. 1719)
  • May 4
    • Chhatrasal, Maharaja of Madhya Pradesh (d. 1731)
    • Augustinus Terwesten, Northern Netherlandish painter (d. 1711)
      Augustinus Terwesten
  • May 15 – Vincent Bigot, Superior general of the Jesuit mission in Canada (d. 1720)
  • June 13 – Adrien Baillet, French scholar and critic (d. 1706)

July–September
Chhatrasal
Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth

October–December
Samuel Carpenter
  • October 3 – Franz Mozart, German mason, great-grandfather of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (d. 1693)
  • October 6 – Juana Rangel de Cuéllar, Spanish founder of Colombian city (d. 1736)
  • October 12 – Sir Thomas Felton, 4th Baronet, English politician (d. 1709)
  • October 19 – Samuel Rodigast, German poet, hymnwriter (d. 1708)
  • October 25 – Sir Edward Blackett, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1718)
  • November 2
  • November 4 – Samuel Carpenter, Deputy Governor of colonial Pennsylvania (d. 1714)
  • November 24 – John Holwell, English mathematician, astrologer (d. 1680)
  • December 2 – Jean-Baptiste Corneille, French historical painter, etcher and engraver (d. 1695)
  • December 9 – Sir Orlando Bridgeman, 1st Baronet, of Ridley (d. 1701)

Date unknown
  • Esther Liebmann, German banker (d. 1714)

Deaths
Charles I of England died 30 January
Jean de Brébeuf died 16 March
Dodo, Prince Yu died 29 April
Maria Tesselschade Visscher died 20 June
Simon Vouet died 30 June
Vittoria Farnese d'Este died 10 August
Robert Heath died 30 August

January–March

April–June
  • April 5 – George Hakewill, English clergyman and author (b. 1578)
  • April 11 – Ambrose Corbie, English Jesuit teacher (b. 1604)
  • April 22 – Marcos de Torres y Rueda, interim viceroy of New Spain (b. 1591)
  • April 24
    • Francesco Ingoli, Italian priest (b. 1578)
    • Gaston Jean Baptiste de Renty, French aristocrat and philanthropist (b. 1611)
  • April 29 – Dodo, Prince Yu (b. 1614)
  • May 8 – Gian Giacomo Cristoforo, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Lacedonia (b. 1588)
  • May 14
    • Friedrich Spanheim, Dutch theologian (b. 1600)
    • William Chappell, Irish bishop (b. 1582)
  • May 28 – Empress Xiaoduanwen of the Qing Dynasty (b. 1600)
  • June 3 – Manuel de Faria e Sousa, Portuguese historian and poet (b. 1590)
  • June 6 – Vincenzo Carafa, Italian Jesuit priest and spiritual writer (b. 1585)
  • June 17 – Injo of Joseon, sixteenth king of the Joseon dynasty in Korea (b. 1595)
  • June 18 – Juan Martínez Montañés, Spanish sculptor (b. 1568)
  • June 20 – Maria Tesselschade Visscher, Dutch poet and engraver (b. 1594)
  • June 30 – Simon Vouet, French painter (b. 1590)
  • June 27 – Chikurin-in, Japanese woman of the late Azuchi-Momoyama through early Edo period (b. 1579)

July–September

October–December

References
  1. "King Charles II: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland". www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
  2. Blair Worden, The Rump Parliament 1648-1653 (Cambridge University Press, 1974). pp. 171–172
  3. "House of Commons Journal Volume 6: 5 March 1649". Journal of the House of Commons: volume 6: 1648–1651. Institute of Historical Research. 1802.
  4. Baumber, Michael (2004). "Blake, Robert (bap. 1598, d. 1657)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2582. Retrieved August 24, 2010. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  5. Lappeenrannan kaupunki tekniset palvelut ja rakentaminen tekninen toimiala kiinteistö- ja mittausosasto – Fonecta (in Finnish)
  6. Lappeenranta: History
  7. "The Town of St. George's - 300 years". Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
  8. "March 1649 - An Act for the Abolishing the House of Peers". Retrieved February 16, 2012.
  9. Major-General Sir John Henry Lefroy, Memorials of the Discovery and Early Settlement of the Bermudas or Somers Islands 1515-1685 (Bermuda Historical Society, 1877, reprinted by University of Toronto Press, 1981)
  10. "History of the New England Company", New England Company website
  11. Winstanley 'The Law of Freedom' and Other Writings, ed. by Christopher Hill (Cambridge University Press, 2006) p. 72
  12. "Kêng Chung-ming", by George A. Kennedy, in Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period, ed. by Arthur W. Hummel Sr. (United States Government Printing Office, 1943) p. 417
  13. Get to known the town: Urban traditions since 1649 – Visit Kristinestad
  14. The Finnish article says that the town had existed as Koppöstad since the 13th century and that it was renamed by Governor-General Brahe on March 1, 1651
  15. 19 × 14 cm), currently in National Gallery of Denmark. "Art Renewal Center :: Frans Hals :: René Descartes". artrenewal.org. Retrieved March 4, 2016.
  16. Arthur Versluis (September 30, 1999). Wisdom's Children: A Christian Esoteric Tradition. SUNY Press. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-7914-4330-9.
  17. "Charles I". Westminster Abbey. Retrieved October 8, 2022.
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