2023 in paleoichthyology

This list of fossil fish research presented in 2023 is a list of new taxa of jawless vertebrates, placoderms, acanthodians, fossil cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, and other fishes that were described during the year, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleoichthyology that occurred in 2023.

List of years in paleoichthyology
In paleontology
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
In paleobotany
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
In arthropod paleontology
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
In paleoentomology
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
In paleomalacology
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
In reptile paleontology
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
In archosaur paleontology
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
In mammal paleontology
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026

Jawless vertebrates

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Amaltheolepis terranovi[1]

Sp. nov

In press

Blom et al.

Devonian (Emsian)

Shevchenkinskaya Formation

 Russia
( Arkhangelsk Oblast)

A member of Thelodonti belonging to the group Thelodontiformes and the family Turiniidae.

Foxaspis[2]

Gen. et sp. nov

Gai et al.

Devonian (Pragian)

Xiaoshan Formation

 China
(Guangxi)

A member of Galeaspida belonging to the group Polybranchiaspidiformes and the family Duyunolepididae. The type species is F. novemura.

Jawless vertebrate research

  • A study on the anatomy and affinities of Lasanius is published by Reeves et al. (2023), who interpret this vertebrate as a stem-cyclostome.[3]

Placoderms

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Bothriolepis dairbhrensis[4]

Sp. nov

Valid

Dupret et al.

Devonian (Givetian)

Valentia Slate Formation

 Ireland

Dunkleosteus tuderensis[5]

Sp. nov

Lebedev in Lebedev et al.

Devonian (Famennian)

Bilovo Formation

 Russia
( Tver Oblast)

Placoderm research

  • Brazeau et al. (2023) describe a near-complete "acanthothoracid" upper jaw from the Devonian (Pragian) Yamaat Gol locality (Mongolia), and interpret this finding as indicating that the morphology and function of "acanthoracid" jaws resemble generalized "placoderm" conditions seen also in arthrodires and rhenanids.[6]
  • Engelman (2023) attempts to determine body size of Dunkleosteus terrelli, recovering the body lengths of between 3.1 and 3.5 m for typical adults and ~4.1 m for the largest individuals;[7] in a subsequent study the author reevaluates the methodology and length estimates used by Ferrón, Martinez-Perez & Botella (2017),[8] and argues that length estimates for Dunkleosteus based on the mouth dimensions of extant sharks are not reliable, as arthrodires have proportionally larger mouths than sharks.[9]

Acanthodians

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Orcadacanthus[10]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Newman et al.

Devonian

Orcadian Basin

 United Kingdom

A member of Acanthodiformes belonging to the family Mesacanthidae. The type species is "Acanthodes" pusillus Agassiz (1844).

Acanthodian research

  • Burrow & Desbiens (2023) describe dental elements of Doliodus latispinosus from the Devonian York River Formation (Quebec, Canada), finding no justification for assigning the studied isolated dental elements to a species distinct from D. latispinosus from the Atholville beds (New Brunswick, Canada).[11]

Cartilaginous fishes

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Atlantobatis[12]

Gen. et sp. nov

Guinot et al.

Late Cretaceous

 Senegal

A batomorph elasmobranch. The type species is A. acrodonta.

Cavusodus[13]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Itano

Carboniferous (late Viséan–early Serpukhovian)

 United States
( Alabama)

A member of Petalodontiformes belonging to the family Janassidae. The type species is C. whitei.

Corysodon multicristatus[14]

Sp. nov

In press

Batchelor & Duffin

Early Cretaceous (Aptian)

Atherfield Clay Formation

 United Kingdom

A neoselachian shark.

Coupatezia casei[12]

Sp. nov

Guinot et al.

Late Cretaceous

 Senegal

A batomorph elasmobranch.

‘Dasyatis’ reticulata[12]

Sp. nov

Guinot et al.

Late Cretaceous

 Senegal

A batomorph elasmobranch.

Desinia[15]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Ivanov in Ivanov et al.

Permian

 Russia
( Kirov Oblast
 Komi Republic
 Mari El
 Tatarstan)

A member of the family Sphenacanthidae. The type species is D. radiata. Published online in 2023, but the issue date is listed as December 2022.[15]

Karpinskiprion[16]

Gen. et comb. nov

Lebedev & Itano in Lebedev et al.

Carboniferous

 Russia
( Moscow Oblast
 Volgograd Oblast)

A member of the family Helicoprionidae. The type species is "Helicoprion" ivanovi Karpinsky (1924).

Luopingselache[17]

Gen. et sp. nov

Wen et al.

Middle Triassic (Anisian)

 China

A member of the family Lonchidiidae. Genus includes new species L. striata.

Maghriboselache[18] Gen. et sp. nov Klug et al. Late Devonian  Morocco A member of the family Cladoselachidae. The type species is M. mohamezanei.

Phosphatodon cretaceus[12]

Sp. nov

Guinot et al.

Late Cretaceous

 Senegal

A batomorph elasmobranch.

Ptychotrygon ameghinorum[19]

Sp. nov

Begat et al.

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)

Mata Amarilla Formation

 Argentina

Ptychotrygon nazeensis[12]

Sp. nov

Guinot et al.

Late Cretaceous

 Senegal

A batomorph elasmobranch.

‘Rhinobatos’ popenguinensis[12]

Sp. nov

Guinot et al.

Late Cretaceous

 Senegal

A batomorph elasmobranch.

Sowibatos[12]

Gen. et sp. nov

Guinot et al.

Late Cretaceous

 Senegal

A batomorph elasmobranch. The type species is S. minimus.

Strophodus atlasensis[20]

Sp. nov

Valid

Stumpf et al.

Middle Jurassic (Bajocian)

Agoudim Formation

 Morocco

A member of Hybodontiformes belonging to the family Hybodontidae and the subfamily Acrodontinae.

Sulcacanthus[21]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Itano & Duffin

Carboniferous (Viséan)

St. Louis Formation

 United States
( Indiana)

A chimaera belonging to the group Squalorajoidei. The type species is S. schachti.

Terangabatis[12]

Gen. et sp. nov

Guinot et al.

Late Cretaceous

 Senegal

A batomorph elasmobranch. The type species is T. thiami.

Cartilaginous fish research

  • Fossil material of members of the genera Pucapampella and Zamponiopteron is described from the Devonian (Eifelian) Chagrapi Formation by Zevallos-Valdivia et al. (2023), representing the first record of Paleozoic vertebrates from Peru reported to date.[22]
  • A study on the musculoskeletal anatomy of Iniopera is published by Dearden, Herrel & Pradel (2023), who interpret the anatomy of Iniopera as unsuited to durophagy, and consider it to be likely a high-performance suction-feeder.[23]
  • Fossil material of members of at least seven species belonging to the genus Ptychodus is described from the ?Cenomanian–Santonian of the Malyy Prolom area (Ryazan Oblast, Russia) by Amadori et al. (2023), who also report the northernmost occurrence of Ptychodus in Europe from the Cenomanian of Varavinsky ravine area (Moscow Oblast, Russia), and interpret the studied fossils as indicating that Late Cretaceous epicontinental seas of the Russian platform were important areas of diversification and spread of Ptychodus.[24]
  • A study on the teeth of Megachasma applegatei is published by Krak & Shimada (2023), who find that the range of the morphometric variation of teeth of M. applegatei is larger than that of teeth of extant megamouth shark, with different tooth types corresponding to tooth types present in the smalltooth sand tiger.[25]
  • A study on the anatomy and affinities of Protospinax annectans, based on data from both known and previously undescribed specimens from the Tithonian Altmühltal Formation (Germany), is published by Jambura et al. (2023).[26]
  • Ferrón (2023) argues that, although representatives of most squalomorph groups colonized deep waters independently during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, bioluminescence evolved only once among sharks in a bathydemersal ancestor.[27]
  • A fossil egg case containing a well-preserved batoid (possibly stem-myliobatiform) embryo, with a unique combination of characters indicating that the embryo represents a previously unknown batoid form, is described from the Cenomanian Sannine limestone of Hjoula (Lebanon) by Capasso & Yamaguchi (2023).[28]
  • Reinecke et al. (2023) study the anatomy and affinities of whiptail stingray teeth from the Chattian of northern Germany and the Burdigalian of southern France, transferring the species Dasyatis probsti to the genus Bathytoshia.[29]
  • A study on changes of diversity of European chondrichthyans during the Neogene is published by Villafaña et al. (2023).[30]
  • A study on the impact of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event on elasmobranchs is published by Guinot & Condamine (2023), who find rays and durophagous species to be more affected by the extinction than sharks and nondurophagous species, and find taxa with large geographic ranges or restricted to high-latitude settings to show higher survival.[31]

Ray-finned fishes

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Amblyeleotris robusta[32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bratishko & Schwarzhans in Bratishko, Schwarzhans & Vernyhorova

Miocene

Crimea

A species of Amblyeleotris.

Archaeus solus[33]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bannikov & Erebakan

Oligocene

 Russia
( Krasnodar Krai)

A member of the family Carangidae.

Armigatus plinii[34]

Sp. nov

Valid

Marramà & Carnevale

Early Cretaceous (Albian)

Pietraroja Plattenkalk

 Italy

A member of Clupeomorpha belonging to the group Ellimmichthyiformes and the family Armigatidae.

Arnoglossus kerichensis[32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bratishko & Schwarzhans in Bratishko, Schwarzhans & Vernyhorova

Miocene

Crimea

A scaldfish.

Arnoglossus scitulus[32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bratishko & Schwarzhans in Bratishko, Schwarzhans & Vernyhorova

Miocene

Crimea

A scaldfish.

Aseraggodes azovensis[32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bratishko & Schwarzhans in Bratishko, Schwarzhans & Vernyhorova

Miocene

Crimea

A species of Aseraggodes.

Butyrumichthys[35]

Gen. et sp. nov

Schrøder et al.

Eocene

Fur Formation

 Denmark

A stromateoiform, possibly a medusafish. The type species is B. henricii.

Callionymus bessarabianus[32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bratishko & Schwarzhans in Bratishko, Schwarzhans & Vernyhorova

Miocene

Crimea

A species of Callionymus.

Callionymus kalinus[32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bratishko & Schwarzhans in Bratishko, Schwarzhans & Vernyhorova

Miocene

Crimea

A species of Callionymus.

Capros crudus[32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bratishko & Schwarzhans in Bratishko, Schwarzhans & Vernyhorova

Miocene

Crimea

A species of Capros.

Caranx rharbensis[36]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans

Pliocene (Zanclean)

 Morocco

A species of Caranx.

Centroberyx vonderhochti[36]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans

Pliocene (Zanclean)

 Morocco

A species of Centroberyx.

Cepola lombartei[36]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans

Pliocene (Zanclean)

 Morocco

A species of Cepola.

Chelon jurkinensis[32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bratishko & Schwarzhans in Bratishko, Schwarzhans & Vernyhorova

Miocene

Crimea

A species of Chelon.

Cladocynodon[37]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

De Mayrinck et al.

Early Cretaceous (Aptian)

Barbalha Formation

 Brazil

A member of the family Cladocyclidae. The type species is C. araripensis.

Congiopodus? inopinatus[32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bratishko & Schwarzhans in Bratishko, Schwarzhans & Vernyhorova

Miocene

Crimea

Possibly a species of Congiopodus.

Deltentosteus planus[36]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans

Pliocene (Zanclean)

 Morocco

A species of Deltentosteus.

Dercetis magnificus[38]

Sp. nov

Chida, Brinkman & Murray

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

Bearpaw Formation

 Canada
( Alberta)

A member of the family Dercetidae.

Diaphus maghrebensis[36]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans

Pliocene (Zanclean)

 Morocco

A species of Diaphus.

Dicologlossa postpatens[32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bratishko & Schwarzhans in Bratishko, Schwarzhans & Vernyhorova

Miocene

Crimea

A species of Dicologlossa.

Galaxias crassus[39]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans et al.

Early Miocene

Bannockburn Formation

 New Zealand

A species of Galaxias.

Galaxias naviculus[39]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans et al.

Early Miocene

Bannockburn Formation

 New Zealand

A species of Galaxias.

Galaxias nitidus[39]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans et al.

Early Miocene

Bannockburn Formation

 New Zealand

A species of Galaxias.

Galaxias polei[39]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans et al.

Early Miocene

Bannockburn Formation

 New Zealand

A species of Galaxias.

Galaxias tholus[39]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans et al.

Early Miocene

Bannockburn Formation

 New Zealand

A species of Galaxias.

Globogobius[32]

Gen. et 2 sp. nov

Valid

Bratishko & Schwarzhans in Bratishko, Schwarzhans & Vernyhorova

Miocene

Crimea

A goby belonging to the subfamily Gobiinae and to the Aphia lineage. The type species is G. globulosus; genus also includes G. depressus.

Hyrcanogobius eccentricus[32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bratishko & Schwarzhans in Bratishko, Schwarzhans & Vernyhorova

Miocene

Crimea

A species of Hyrcanogobius.

Iridopristis parrisi[40]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Andrews et al.

Danian

Hornerstown Formation

 United States ( New Jersey)

A stem-lineage member of Holocentridae.

Khoratamia[41]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Deesri et al.

Early Cretaceous (Aptian)

Khok Kruat Formation

 Thailand

A member of the family Amiidae belonging to the subfamily Sinamiinae. The type species is K. phattharajani.

Kutaichthys[42]

Gen et 2 sp. nov

Valid

Bakaev in Esin & Bakaev

Permian

 Russia
( Komi Republic
 Perm Krai
 Samara Oblast)

An early ray-finned fish belonging to the group Palaeonisciformes and the family Palaeoniscidae. The type species is K. gubini Esin & Bakaev; genus also includes K. dozmerensis Esin & Bakaev. Published online in 2023, but the issue date is listed as December 2022.[42]

Maeotichthys[32]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Bratishko & Schwarzhans in Bratishko, Schwarzhans & Vernyhorova

Miocene

 Azerbaijan
 Bulgaria
Crimea

A member of the family Clupeidae belonging to the subfamily Alosinae. The type species is "Otolithus (Osmeridarum)" wilhelmi Djafarova (2006); genus also includes "Clupea" gomotartziensis Strashimirov (1985).

Mataichthys asymmetricus[39]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schwarzhans et al.

Early Miocene

Bannockburn Formation

 New Zealand

A species of Mataichthys.

Mesogobius chersonesus[32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bratishko & Schwarzhans in Bratishko, Schwarzhans & Vernyhorova

Miocene

Crimea

A species of Mesogobius.

Minicholepis[43]

Gen et sp. nov

Valid

Bulanov, Minikh & Golubev

Permian

 Russia
( Kirov Oblast)

A member of Eurynotoidiformes. The type species is M. primus. Published online in 2023, but the issue date is listed as December 2022.[43]

Myripristis ouarredi[36]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans

Pliocene (Zanclean)

 Morocco

A species of Myripristis.

Neogobius ignotus[32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bratishko & Schwarzhans in Bratishko, Schwarzhans & Vernyhorova

Miocene

Crimea

A species of Neogobius.

Neogobius uncinatus[32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bratishko & Schwarzhans in Bratishko, Schwarzhans & Vernyhorova

Miocene

Crimea

A species of Neogobius.

Odontobutis hayashitokuei[44]

Sp. nov

In press

Yabumoto & Zhang

Miocene

Chojabaru Formation

 Japan

A species of Odontobutis.

Ophidion tuseti[36]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans

Pliocene (Zanclean)

 Morocco

A species of Ophidion.

Opsodentex mordax[36]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans

Pliocene (Zanclean)

 Morocco

A member of the family Sparidae.

Palimphemus cimmerius[32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bratishko & Schwarzhans in Bratishko, Schwarzhans & Vernyhorova

Miocene

Crimea

A member of the family Gadidae.

Paraclupea pietrarojae[34]

Sp. nov

Valid

Marramà & Carnevale

Early Cretaceous (Albian)

Pietraroja Plattenkalk

 Italy

A member of Clupeomorpha belonging to the group Ellimmichthyiformes and the family Paraclupeidae.

Paramacroramphosus[32]

Gen. et sp. et comb. nov

Valid

Bratishko & Schwarzhans in Bratishko, Schwarzhans & Vernyhorova

Miocene

 Azerbaijan
Crimea

A member of the family Macroramphosidae. The type species is P. pumilis; genus also includes "Оtolithus (inc. sedis)" platessaeformis Pobedina (1956).

Parapristipoma bethensis[36]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans

Pliocene (Zanclean)

 Morocco

A species of Parapristipoma.

Parapsephurus[45]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Hilton et al.

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

Hell Creek Formation

 United States
( North Dakota)

A paddlefish. The type species is P. willybemisi.

Paroxymetopon[32]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Bratishko & Schwarzhans in Bratishko, Schwarzhans & Vernyhorova

Miocene

Crimea

A dartfish. The type species is P. alienus.

Pleuropholis danielae[46]

Sp. nov

Brito & Vullo

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)

Akrabou Formation

 Morocco

Pomadasys zemmourensis[36]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans

Pliocene (Zanclean)

 Morocco

A species of Pomadasys.

Pontogobius[32]

Gen. et 3 sp. nov

Valid

Bratishko & Schwarzhans in Bratishko, Schwarzhans & Vernyhorova

Miocene

Crimea

A goby belonging to the subfamily Gobiinae and to the Benthophilus lineage. The type species is P. ahnelti; genus also includes P. trigonus and P. zonatus.

Pugiopsephurus[45]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Hilton et al.

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

Hell Creek Formation

 United States
( North Dakota)

A paddlefish. The type species is P. inundatus.

Rhynchoconger carnevalei[36]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans

Miocene (Tortonian) and Pliocene (Zanclean)

 Italy

A species of Rhynchoconger.

Saurichthys taotie[47]

Sp. nov

Valid

Fang et al.

Late Triassic (Carnian)

Xiaowa Formation

 China

Announced in 2022; the final article version was published in 2023.

Scomber qirimensis[32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bratishko & Schwarzhans in Bratishko, Schwarzhans & Vernyhorova

Miocene

Crimea

A species of Scomber.

Spondyliosoma tingitana[36]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans

Pliocene (Zanclean)

 Morocco

A species of Spondyliosoma.

Surlykus[48]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Schrøder & Carnevale

Eocene (Ypresian)

Fur Formation

 Denmark

A member of Argentiniformes. The type is species S. longigracilis.

Trachinus maroccanus[36]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans

Pliocene (Zanclean)

 Morocco

A species of Trachinus.

Trachinus wernlii[36]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans

Pliocene (Zanclean)

 Morocco

A species of Trachinus.

Trachurus insectus[36]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans

Pliocene (Zanclean)

 Morocco

A species of Trachurus.

Uranoscopus hoedemakersi[36]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans

Pliocene (Zanclean)

 Morocco

A species of Uranoscopus.

Uranoscopus vanhinsberghi[36]

Sp. nov

Schwarzhans

Pliocene (Zanclean)

 Morocco

A species of Uranoscopus.

Vologdinia[43]

Gen et comb. nov

Valid

Bulanov, Minikh & Golubev

Permian

Poldarsa/Poldarskaya Formation

 Russia
( Orenburg Oblast
 Vologda Oblast)

A member of Eurynotoidiformes. The type species is "Isadia" opokiensis Minikh & Andrushkevich (2017). Published online in 2023, but the issue date is listed as December 2022.[43]

Zosterisessor pontikapaionensis[32]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bratishko & Schwarzhans in Bratishko, Schwarzhans & Vernyhorova

Miocene

Crimea

A species of Zosterisessor.

Ray-finned fish research

  • Figueroa et al. (2023) report brain and cranial nerve soft-tissue preservation in the type specimen of Coccocephalus wildi from the Carboniferous strata in the Mountain Fourfoot Mine (Pennine Lower Coal Measures; Lancashire, United Kingdom).[49]
  • Martill (2023) describes a bony scute of a sturgeon from the Maastrichtian marine phosphatites of central Morocco, representing the first record of an acipenseriform fish from Africa reported to date.[50]
  • New information on the morphology of the scales of members of the family Pseudobeaconiidae, based on new fossil material from the Triassic Santa Clara Abajo Formation (Argentina), is presented by Giordano, Benavente & Suárez (2023).[51]
  • Systematic revision of the Late Jurassic species of Caturidae is published by López-Arbarello & Ebert (2023).[52]
  • A study on the bone histology of Araripichthys castilhoi, interpreted as corroborating its placement within basal Teleostei, is published by Mayrinck et al. (2023).[53]
  • Stinnesbeck et al. (2023) report the presence of two different body shape types of specimens of Tselfatia formosa from the Turonian platy limestone deposit of Vallecillo (Mexico), intepreted as evidence of sexual dimorphism, and interpret the anatomy of its fins as indicating that T. formosa lived in a deep water environment and that its lifestyle resembled that of extant fan fishes.[54]
  • Redescription and a study on the affinities of Sorbinichthys elusivo is published by Taverne & Capasso (2023).[55]
  • Evidence from (mostly lanternfish) otoliths from the Lindos Bay Formation (Rhodes, Greece), interpreted as indicative of an overall decline of the median size of lanternfishes in the eastern Mediterranean during MIS 19 interglacial, but also as indicative of different trends in size in individual mesopelagic species across the studied time interval, is presented by Agiadi et al. (2023).[56]

Lobe-finned fishes

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Ceratodus shishkini[57]

Sp. nov

Valid

Minikh

Triassic

 Russia
( Orenburg Oblast)

A lungfish. Published online in 2023, but the issue date is listed as December 2022.[57]

Eusthenodon leganihanne[58]

Sp. nov

Downs et al.

Devonian (Famennian)

Catskill Formation

 United States
( Pennsylvania)

Hyneria udlezinye[59]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gess & Ahlberg

Devonian (Famennian)

Witpoort Formation

 South Africa

Whiteia giganteus[60] Sp. nov Brownstein Late Triassic Dockum Group  United States ( Texas) A coelacanth.

References

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