2023 in paleomammalogy

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This article records new taxa of fossil mammals of every kind that are scheduled to be described during the year 2023, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of mammals that are scheduled to occur in the year 2023.

Afrotherians

Proboscideans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images

Proboscidean research

Choudhary et al. (2023) report the first discovery of the fossil material of a mammutid (cf. Zygolophodon) from the Upper Miocene deposits of Tapar (Kutch, India), extending known temporal range of mammutids in the southern Himalayan foreland basin to ∼10 million years ago.[1]
Revision of the gomphothere faunas of the Miocene Linxia Basin (China) is published by Wang et al. (2023), who report the presence of three fossil assemblages of different age.[2]
A study on woolly mammoth genomes, identifying genetic variants associated with hair and skin development, fat storage and metabolism, and immune system function that had become fixed in the woolly mammoth lineage, is published by Díez-del-Molino et al. (2023).[3]
A study on the accumulation of woolly mammoth bones from the Upper Paleolithic site Kostenki 14 (Markina Gora, Voronezh Oblast, Russia), aiming to assess relations between the body size of Kostenki mammoths, the state of their population and the timeframe of bone assemblage accumulation, is published by Petrova et al. (2023), who interpret their findings as indicative of relatively long-term inhabitation of the studied area by mammoths and permanent visitation of the site.[4]
Evidence from tooth enamel of a woolly mammoth from the Upper Paleolithic Kraków Spadzista site (Poland), interpreted as indicating that the studied mammoth grazed in southern Poland in winter time and likely moved 250–400 km northwards during summer throughout at least 12–13 years of its adult life, is presented by Kowalik et al. (2023).[5]
Cherney et al. (2023) study steroid hormone concentrations in woolly mammoth tusk dentin, and report evidence periodic increases in testosterone, interpreted as indicating that male mammoths experienced episodes of musth similar to those occurring in extant African elephants.[6]

Sirenians

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images

Other afrotherians

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Europotamogale[7]	Gen. et sp. nov		Crespo, Cruzado-Caballero, & Castillo	Pliocene		Spain	A member of Afrosoricida. The type species is E. melkarti.
Hadrogeneios[8]	Gen. et sp. nov		Gheerbrant	Paleocene	Ouled Abdoun Basin	Morocco	A basal member of Paenungulatomorpha. The type species is H. phosphaticus.

Euarchontoglires

Primates

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images

Primate research

Proffitt et al. (2023) report that, while cracking nuts, extant crab-eating macaques unintentionally produce flakes that fall within the technological range of artifacts made by early hominins, and caution that such flakes may be misidentified as intentional products if found in Plio-Pleistocene sites.[9]
Kikuchi (2023) attempts to determine the body mass of Nacholapithecus kerioi, and considers it to be an arboreal primate.[10]
Review of the Miocene ape systematics is published by Urciuoli & Alba (2023), who discuss the problems affecting the studies of phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of Miocene apes.[11]
Evidence from the Moroto II site (Uganda), indicating that Miocene apes from Moroto II (including Morotopithecus) shared locomotor traits with living apes and lived in seasonally dry woodlands with abundant C₄ grasses, is presented by MacLatchy et al. (2023).[12]
A study aiming to determine absolute crown strength and bite force of the lower postcanine teeth of Gigantopithecus blacki is published by Yi et al. (2023), who report evidence of dental specialization which might represent an adaptation to processing mechanically challenging foods.[13]
A study on the distinctiveness of Miocene dryopithecines from the Iberian Peninsula is published by Zanolli et al. (2023), who argue that teeth of Pierolapithecus, Anoiapithecus, Dryopithecus and Hispanopithecus show morphological differences consistent with their attribution to different genera.[14]
A study comparing the dietary strategies of Pleistocene orangutans and Homo erectus from Sangiran (Java, Indonesia) is published by Kubat et al. (2023), who interpret their findings as indicating that H. erectus exploited varied food sources and was less dependent on variations in seasonal food availability than orangutans.[15]
A study on the ulnae of Hispanopithecus, Danuvius, 17 fossil hominin specimens and extant apes and humans is published by Meyer et al. (2023), who find the studied ulna of a specimen of Sahelanthropus tchadensis to fall within the knuckle-walking morphospace.[16]

General paleoanthropology

A study on the hominin habitat preferences over the past 3 million years is published by Zeller et al. (2023), who find that earliest hominins predominantly lived in environments such as grassland and dry shrubland, while later hominins adapted to a broader range of environments, and argue that member of the genus Homo may have preferentially selected areas with more diverse habitats.[17]
Hatala, Gatesy & Falkingham (2023) find that longitudinally arched footprints are not necessarily indicating that the hominins which produced them had longitudinally arched feet, but rather that such footprints are created through a pattern of foot kinematics that is characteristic of human walking; the authors consider Pleistocene tracks from Ileret (Kenya) to be the earliest known evidence for fully modern human-like bipedal kinematics, while tracks from Laetoli (Tanzania) show only partial evidence of the characteristic human walking style.[18]
Plummer et al. (2023) report the discovery of 3.032–2.595 million-years-old fossil material of Paranthropus and Oldowan stone tools from the Nyayanga site (Homa Peninsula, Kenya), expanding known geographic range of both Paranthropus and Oldowan tools, and providing evidence that hominins were already using tools to process soft and hard plant tissues and to butcher animals, including large animals such as hippopotamids, at the Oldowan's inception.[19]
New fossil material of infant and juvenile specimens of Paranthropus robustus, providing evidence of differences in the early craniofacial development between P. robustus and Australopithecus africanus, is described from southern African sites of Kromdraai and Drimolen by Braga et al. (2023), who interpret this finding as consistent with a close relationship between Paranthropus and Homo.[20]
A study comparing the environments inhabited by Paranthropus boisei and early members of the genus Homo at East Turkana (Kenya) is published by O'Brien, Hebdon & Faith (2023), who report that early Homo co-occurred with bovid assemblages indicative of a broader range of environments than P. boisei, and interpret their findings as supporting the interpretation of P. boisei as an ecological specialist and of early Homo as a generalist.[21]
Alemseged (2023) reexamines the paleobiology of Australopithecus and its significance in human evolution.[22]
A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic affinities of Australopithecus sediba, aiming to determine whether A. sediba and Australopithecus africanus were sister taxa, is published by Mongle, Strait & Grine (2023), who report that they could not reject the hypothesis that A. sediba shared its closest phylogenetic affinities with the genus Homo.[23]
Evidence from the Simbiro III site (Melka Kunture, Ethiopia), interpreted as indicating that hominins living in this area more than 1.2 million years produced standardized, large tools with sharp cutting edges in a stone-tool workshop, exploiting an accumulation of obsidian cobbles by a meandering river, is presented by Mussi et al. (2023).[24]
A study on the temporal spacing in the Asian fossil hominin record is published by Roberts et al. (2023), who argue that, in spite of their late persistence, the temporal range of Homo floresiensis and Homo luzonensis is not outside of the expected temporal range for Homo erectus.[25]
A study on the provenance of the hominin fossils from Trinil (Java, Indonesia) found during the 1891–1908 excavations is published by Pop et al. (2023), who interpret their findings as indicating that the age of the femur which caused Homo erectus to be given its name (Femur I) is uncertain and might be as young as ∼31,000 years, as well as indicating that the taxonomic attribution of this specimen is uncertain, for it might be a bone of an individual belonging to the species Homo erectus, Homo sapiens or a Denisovan.[26]
A study on the mandibles of hominins from the Sima de los Huesos site (Spain) is published by Quam et al. (2023), who argue that hominins from Sima de los Huesos should not be assigned to the species Homo heidelbergensis and that they were more closely related to (but distinct from) Neanderthals, indicating the presence of at least two different evolutionary lineages of hominins in Europe during the middle Pleistocene.[27]
Brand, Colbran & Capra (2023) use machine-learning algorithm to identify putative archaic splice-altering variants in genomes of three Neanderthals and a Denisovan, and report that variants which don't also occur in modern humans are enriched in genes that contribute to phenotypic differences among hominins.[28]
A study comparing the evolution of brain shape in humans and other primates is published by Sansalone et al. (2023), who determine that strong covariation between different areas of the brain in Neanderthals and modern humans evolved under higher evolutionary rates than in any other primate.[29]
A study on an accumulation of crania of large mammals in Level 3 of the Cueva Des-Cubierta (Madrid Region, Spain), apparently processed by Neanderthals, is published by Baquedano et al. (2023), who interpret this accumulation as a likely symbolic practice of Neanderthals.[30]
Evidence from the Eemian Neumark-Nord 1 site (Germany), interpreted as indicative of systematic targeting and processing of straight-tusked elephants by Neanderthals, is presented by Gaudzinski-Windheuser et al. (2023).[31]
Bacon et al. (2023) study non-figurative signs associated with images of animals in European caves which were produced by Upper Paleolithic humans, and interpret those signs as an early form of writing used to convey seasonal behavioural information about prey animals.[32]
Posth et al. (2023) study genomes of hunter-gatherers from western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago, finding that individuals associated with the Gravettian culture across Europe were not a biologically homogeneous population (with some individuals from western Europe having a genetic ancestry profile resembling that of the individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture), reporting that human populations with this ancestry profile survided in southwestern Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum and subsequently re-expanded northeastward, and finding evidence of replacement of human groups in southern Europe around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum.[33]
Villalba-Mouco et al. (2023) present genome-wide data from a 23,000-year-old Solutrean-associated individual from Cueva del Malalmuerzo (Spain), carrying genetic ancestry interpreted as directly connecting earlier Aurignacian-associated individuals with post-Last Glacial Maximum Magdalenian-associated ancestry in western Europe.[34]
A study of ancient DNA supports or confirms[35] that recent human evolution to resist infection of pathogens also increased inflammatory disease risk in post-Neolithic Europeans over the last 10,000 years, estimating nature, strength, and time of onset of selections.[36]
Archaeologists report the earliest evidence of bow and arrow use outside Africa – ~54,000 years ago in France, showing the earliest known H. sapiens to migrate into Neandertal territories used these technologies.[37]

Rodents

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes
Anchitheriomys buceei[38]	Sp. nov	Valid	May & Brown	Miocene (Barstovian)	Lagarto Formation	United States ( Texas)	A member of the family Castoridae belonging to the family Anchitheriomyinae.
Aurimys[39]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Samuels, Calede & Hunt	Miocene (Arikareean)	John Day Formation	United States ( Oregon)	A member of the family Heteromyidae belonging to the subfamily Dipodomyinae. The type species is A. xeros.
Caviocricetus guenekko[40]	Sp. nov	Valid	McGrath et al.	Miocene		Chile	A member of Caviomorpha belonging to the group Pan-Octodontoidea.
Deperetomys dingusi[41]	Sp. nov	Valid	Martin, Kelly & Holroyd	Late Oligocene or early Miocene	John Day Formation	United States ( Oregon)	A cricetodontine-like muroid rodent.
Dudumus berggreni[40]	Sp. nov	Valid	McGrath et al.	Miocene		Chile	A member of Caviomorpha belonging to the group Pan-Octodontoidea.
Ellesmereomys[42]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Martin & Zakrzewski	Pliocene		Canada ( Nunavut)	A member of the family Cricetidae belonging to the subfamily Baranomyinae. The type species is E. haringtoni.
Eopetes[43]	Gen. et sp. nov		Li et al.	Eocene	Keziletuogayi Formation	China	A member of the family Sciuridae belonging to the subfamily Sciurinae. The type species is E. irtyshensis.
Hystrix velunensis[44]	Sp. nov	Valid	Czernielewski	Pliocene		Poland	A species of Hystrix. Announced in 2022; the final article version was published in 2023.
Junggarisciurus[43]	Gen. et sp. nov		Li et al.	Eocene	Keziletuogayi Formation	China	A member of the family Sciuridae belonging to the subfamily Sciurinae. The type species is J. jeminaiensis.
Yuomys dawai[45]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ni & Li in Ni et al.	Eocene (Irdinmanhan)	Gemusi Formation	China	A member of Hystricognathi belonging to the family Yuomyidae.
Yuomys gemuensis[45]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ni & Li in Ni et al.	Eocene (Irdinmanhan)	Gemusi Formation	China	A member of Hystricognathi belonging to the family Yuomyidae.
Zorania[46]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Van de Weerd, de Bruijn & Wessels	Oligocene	Selimye Formation	Turkey	A member of Hystricognathi belonging to the group Baluchimyinae. The type species is Z. milosi.

Rodent research

A study aiming to determine the locomotor behaviour of Diamantomys luederitzi on the basis of its skull and distal humerus morphologies is published by Bento Da Costa, Bardin & Senut (2023), who find evidence for fossorial, terrestrial and arboreal behaviour in different analyses, possibly indicative of a generalist lifestyle and/or intraspecific variation.[47]
The first description of the endocast of Prospaniomys priscus is presented by Arnaudo & Arnal (2023).[48]

Other euarchontoglires

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes
Afrolagus[49]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Sen & Geraads	Plio-Pleistocene		Morocco	A member of the family Leporidae. Genus includes new species A. pomeli.
Edworthia greggi[50]	Sp. nov	Valid	Scott et al.	Paleocene	Paskapoo Formation	Canada ( Alberta)	A plesiadapiform belonging to the family Paromomyidae.
Ignacius dawsonae[51]	Sp. nov	Valid	Miller, Tietjen & Beard	Wasatchian	Margaret Formation	Canada ( Nunavut)	A plesiadapiform belonging to the family Paromomyidae.
Ignacius glenbowensis[50]	Sp. nov	Valid	Scott et al.	Paleocene	Paskapoo Formation	Canada ( Alberta)	A plesiadapiform belonging to the family Paromomyidae.
Ignacius mckennai[51]	Sp. nov	Valid	Miller, Tietjen & Beard	Wasatchian	Margaret Formation	Canada ( Nunavut)	A plesiadapiform belonging to the family Paromomyidae.
Prolagus migrans[49]	Sp. nov	Valid	Sen & Geraads	Plio-Pleistocene		Morocco
Trischizolagus meridionalis[49]	Sp. nov	Valid	Sen & Geraads	Plio-Pleistocene		Morocco	A member of the family Leporidae.

Miscellaneous euarchontoglires research

A study on the morphology of the mandibles of members of the stem group of Glires from the Paleocene of China, providing evidence of diversification and specialization of chewing modes interpreted as indicative of different dietary specializations, is published by Fostowicz-Frelik, Cox & Li (2023).[52]
A study on the structure of the bony labyrinth of Megalagus turgidus, interpreted as indicative of rabbit-like hearing sensitivity and locomotor behavior, is published by López-Torres et al. (2023).[53]
White et al. (2023) present the virtual endocast of a specimen of Niptomomys cf. N. doreenae from the Paleocene of Wyoming (United States), and interpret the anatomy of the brain of this plesiadapiform as consistent with the interpretations of plesiadapiforms as being more olfaction-focused than euprimates.[54]

Laurasiatherians

Cetaceans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes
Coronodon newtonorum[55]	Sp. nov	Valid	Boessenecker, Beatty & Geisler	Oligocene	Chandler Bridge Formation	United States ( South Carolina)
Coronodon planifrons[55]	Sp. nov	Valid	Boessenecker, Beatty & Geisler	Oligocene	Chandler Bridge Formation	United States ( South Carolina)
Jobancetus[56]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Kimura, Hasegawa & Suzuki	Miocene (Burdigalian)	Minamishirado Formation	Japan	A baleen whale of uncertain affinities. Genus includes new species J. pacificus. Published online in 2022, but the issue date is listed as January 2023.[56]
Platysvercus[57]	Gen. et sp. nov		Guo & Kohno	Miocene (Burdigalian)	Sugota Formation	Japan	A member of the family Kentriodontidae. The type species is P. ugonis.

Cetacean research

A study on the evolution of the body length of cetaceans, providing evidence of very few global shifts in body length after cetaceans entered the oceans, but also of multiple local, more taxonomically restricted shifts, is published by Burin et al. (2023).[58]
A study on the bone microanatomy of two basilosaurid specimens from the Eocene deposits of Ukraine assigned to the genus Basilotritus, providing evidence of an advanced system of ballast distribution in the skeleton, is published by Davydenko, Tretiakov & Gol'din (2023).[59]
Revision of the eurhinodelphinid cranial material from the Miocene Pietra da Cantoni Formation in the Monferrato area (Piedmont, Italy) is published by Tosetto et al. (2023), who also study the phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of eurhinodelphinids, interpreting their presence in the Mediterranean, Northwest Atlantic and Paratethys as the result of different dispersal events from a Northeast Atlantic center of origin.[60]
Tanaka, Nagasawa & Oba (2023) describe a skull of a rorqual from the Pliocene-Pleistocene Shinazawa Formation (Japan), identified as aff. Balaenoptera bertae and extending known geographic range of the lineage of B. bertae (formerly known only from the Pliocene Purisima Formation, California, United States).[61]
Govender & Marx (2023) describe new baleen whale fossils the early Pliocene localities of Saldanha Steel, Milnerton and Langebaanweg (South Africa), including fossils of rorquals belonging to the genera Diunatans and Fragilicetus (previously known only from the North Sea), as well as potentially younger specimens trawled from the seafloor off the Cape Peninsula and south coast of South Africa, including the first pygmy right whale fossil material from Africa reported to date.[62]

Other artiodactyls

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes
Dama celiae[63]	Sp. nov		van der Made et al.	Pleistocene		Spain	A species of fallow-deer.
Entelodontellus[64]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Yu et al.	Eocene	Caijiachong Formation	China	An entelodont. The type species is E. zhouliangi.
Hispanomeryx linxiaensis[65]	Sp. nov		Aiglstorfer et al.	Miocene	Linxia Basin	China	A member of the family Moschidae.
"Micromeryx" caoi[65]	Sp. nov		Aiglstorfer et al.	Miocene	Linxia Basin	China	A member of the family Moschidae.
Obotherium[66]	Gen. et sp. nov		Bai et al.	Eocene	Irdin Manha Formation	China	A member of the family Tapirulidae. The type species is O. parvum, also includes new species O. tongi.
Tapiruloides[66]	Gen. et sp. nov		Bai et al.	Eocene	Shara Murun Formation	China	A member of the family Tapirulidae. The type species is T. usuensis.
Turcocerus africanus[67]	Sp. nov		Geraads, McCrossin & Benefit	Miocene		Kenya	A bovid.
Umbrotherium engesserii[68]	Sp. nov	Valid	Pandolfi & Rook	Miocene (Turolian)		Italy	A member of the family Giraffidae.

Other artiodactyl research

New information on the anatomy of the skull of Hypisodus minimus is provided by Keppeler et al. (2023).[69]
Uzunidis et al. (2023) describe fossil material of the Irish elk from the Teixoneres Cave, representing the first record of this species from the late Pleistocene of the eastern Iberian Peninsula, and interpret the fossil record of the Irish elk from the Iberian Peninsula in general to be indicative of rare incursions during the colder periods associated with a drop in sea level making it possible to bypass the Pyrenees, and indicative of differences in diets of Iberian individuals and Northern European individuals.[70]
Klein et al. (2023) describe partial bony labyrinth of a fetus of Miotragocerus pannoniae from the Miocene locality Höwenegg (Baden-Württemberg, Germany) and compare it with bony labyrinths of adult specimens from the same locality, providing the first information on the growth and ontogenetic variation of this structure in a fossil bovid.[71]
Description of new fossil material of Miotragocerus gregarius from the Linxia Basin and Fugu County (China) and a study on the affinities of this bovid is published by Shi & Zhang (2023).[72]
New fossil material of Neotragocerus is described from the Hemphillian Fort Rock Formation (Oregon, United States) by Martin & Mead (2023), who interpret the anatomy of members of this genus as indicative of boselaphine affinities, retain N. improvisus as a valid species, and consider N. lindgreni to be a nomen dubium.[73]
A study on the auditory region morphology of extant and extinct members of Hippopotamoidea, and on its implications for putative aquatic affinities of fossil hippopotamoids, is published by Orliac et al. (2023), who interpret their findings as indicative of independent acquisitions of semiaquatic behaviour in hippopotamids and cetaceans.[74]
Jiménez-Hidalgo & Carbot-Chanona (2023) describe fossil material of an anthracothere belonging to the genus Arretotherium from the Oligocene Iniyoo Local Fauna (Oaxaca) and from the Miocene of Simojovel de Allende (Chiapas), representing the first records of anthracotheres in Mexico reported to date and the southernmost records of Arretotherium in North America during the Oligocene and the early Miocene.[75]
Description of new fossil material of Parabrachyodus hyopotamoides from the Miocene deposits from Samane Nala (Bugti Hills, Pakistan) and a study on the affinities of this anthracothere is published by Gernelle et al. (2023).[76]
A study on the affinities of "Hippopotamus" pantanellii is published by Martino et al. (2023), who transfer this species to the genus Archaeopotamus.[77]
Revision of the Early Pleistocene hippopotamid material from Buia (Eritrea) is published by Pandolfi et al. (2023), who report the presence of two hippopotamid species at Buia (Hippopotamus gorgops and aff. Hippopotamus karumensis, the latter representing the northernmost and one of the youngest occurrences of the species in Africa), and provide new characters for taxonomic discrimination between the two taxa.[78]

Carnivorans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes
Amphimachairodus hezhengensis[79]	Sp. nov		Jiangzuo et al.	Miocene	Linxia Basin	China
Huracan[80]	Gen. et comb. et sp. nov	Valid	Jiangzuo et al.	Miocene, Pliocene, possibly earliest Pleistocene		China Spain United States Pakistan?	A bear belonging to the tribe Agriotheriini. The type species is "Agriotherium" schneideri Sellards (1916); genus also includes new species H. qiui from East Asia, as well as "Agriotherium" coffeyi Dalquest (1986) from North America, "Agriotherium" roblesi Morales & Aguirre (1976) from Europe and possibly "Hyaenarctos" punjabiensis Lydekker (1884) from South Asia.
Lonchocyon[81]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Zhang, Bai & Wang	Eocene	Baron Sog Formation	China	A member of Arctoidea of uncertain affinities, possibly an early offshoot of amphicyonids or hemicyonines. The type species is L. qiui.
Palaeopanthera[82]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Hemmer	Miocene and Pliocene		China Turkey	A felid with affinities to members of the genus Neofelis. Genus includes "Panthera" blytheae Tseng et al. (2014) and "Felis" pamiri Ozansoy.
Panthera gombaszoegensis jinpuensis[83]	Ssp. nov	Valid	Jiangzuo et al.	Middle Pleistocene		China	Announced in 2022; the final article version was published in 2023.
Pinnarctidion iverseni[84]	Sp. nov		Everett, Deméré & Wyss	Oligocene	Pysht Formation	United States ( Washington)	A basal pinnipediform.

Carnivoran research

Morlo et al. (2023) describe amphicyonid fossil material from the Miocene site Napudet (Emunyan Beds; Kenya), including a molar of a large-bodied amphicyonid, interpreted as likely distinct from Cynelos jitu and probably belonging to the genus Myacyon.[85]
Varajão de Latorre (2023) compares the bacula of five species of borophagine canids with those of extant canids, and interprets their anatomy as indicating that borophagines had long copulatory durations and spontaneous ovulation, similar to those occurring in extant canines.[86]
Partial left hindlimb assigned to cf. Aenocyon dirus is reported from the Upper Pleistocene deposits from the QM38 site in Quebrada Maní (Pampa del Tamarugal basin, Atacama Desert, northern Chile) by Caro et al. (2023), representing the only large predator in its ecosystem reported to date.[87]
Martínez-Navarro et al. (2023) report the discovery of Early Pleistocene fossil material of the Ethiopian wolf from the Melka Wakena site-complex (Ethiopia), representing the first appearance of this species in the fossil record reported to date.[88]
Revision of the systematics of large canids from the Pleistocene of South America is published by Prevosti (2023), who synonymizes Protocyon orcesi with Protocyon troglodytes and Canis nehringi with Aenocyon dirus, transfers "Theriodictis" tarijensis to the genus Protocyon, and excluded "Canis" gezi from the genus Canis.[89]
A study on the ecomorphology of percrocutoids, as inferred from postcanine teeth, is published by Pérez-Claros (2023).[90]
A study on the ecomorphology of Ictitherium viverrinum and Hyaenictitherium wongii is published by Kargopoulos et al. (2023), who consider both species to occupy a niche similar to that of extant coyote and to be likely engaged in interspecific competition.[91]
A study on the elbow joint of Miracinonyx trumani is published by Figueirido et al. (2023), who find that M. trumani had an elbow morphology intermediate to that of extant cougar and extant cheetah, and argue that M. trumani was not as specialized as the cheetah for deploying a predatory behaviour based on fast running.[92]

Chiropterans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Icaronycteris gunnelli[93]	Sp. nov		Rietbergen et al.	Wasatchian	Green River Formation	United States ( Wyoming)
Xenorhinos bhatnagari[94]	Sp. nov	Valid	Hand et al.	Miocene	Riversleigh World Heritage Area	Australia	A member of the family Rhinonycteridae.

Chiropteran research

The first skull material of Eptesicus praeglacialis is described from the Lower Pleistocene deposits of the Taurida cave (Crimea) by Lopatin (2023).[95]

Eulipotyphlans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Mystipterus austinae[96]	Sp. nov	Valid	Korth, Boyd & Emry	Oligocene (Whitneyan)	Brule Formation	United States ( North Dakota)	A member of the family Talpidae.

Perissodactyls

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Idiodontherium[97]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov		Perales-Gogenola et al.	Eocene		Spain	A member of the family Palaeotheriidae. Genus includes I. martindejesusi and I. astibiai.
Parvorhinus[98]	Gen et. comb. nov	In press	Pandolfi & Martino	Miocene		Germany	A rhinoceros. The type species is "Dicerorhinus" steinheimensis.

Perissodactyl research

Kampouridis, Rățoi & Ursachi (2023) describe new chalicothere material from the Miocene Pogana 1 locality (Romania), and identify the locality as one of the few confirmed cases of the cooccurrence of schizotheriine and chalicotheriine chalicotheres.[99]
Description of a new skull of Zaisanamynodon borisovi from the Eocene Aksyir Svita (Kazakhstan) and a new skull of Metamynodon planifrons from the Oligocene Brule Formation (South Dakota, United States), as well as a study on the phylogenetic relationships of amynodontids, is published by Veine-Tonizzo et al. (2023).[100]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of rhinoceroses belonging to the group Aceratheriinae is published by Lu, Deng & Pandolfi (2023).[101]
A skull of a rhinoceros is described from the late Neogene Qin Basin (Shanxi, China) by Shi et al. (2023), who assign this skull to the species Dihoplus ringstroemi, and confirm that D. ringstroemi was a distinct species.[102]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of Eurasian Quaternary rhinoceroses is published by Pandolfi (2023).[103]
A study on the evolution of body size in brontotheres is published by Sanisidro, Mihlbachler & Cantalapiedra (2023), who interpret their findings as indicative of higher survival of larger lineages resulting from reduced competition with other herbivores.[104]
Revision of the Pliocene and Early Pleistocene hipparionin equid species from western Eurasia is published by Cirilli et al. (2023).[105]

Other laurasiatherians

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes
Berracotherium[106]	Gen. et sp. nov		Fernández et al.	Middle Eocene-early Oligocene	Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation	Argentina	A member of Pyrotheria belonging to the family Pyrotheriidae. The type species is B. koimeterion.
Maocyon[107]	Gen. et sp. nov		Averianov et al.	Eocene	Youganwo Formation	China	A hyaenodont belonging to the family Hyainailouridae. The type species is M. peregrinus.
Micrauchenia[108]	Gen. et sp. nov		Püschel et al.	Late Miocene	Bahía Inglesa Formation	Chile	A member of Litopterna belonging to the family Macraucheniidae. The type species is M. saladensis.
Prodissopsalis jimenezi[109]	Sp. nov	Valid	Salesa et al.	Eocene (Bartonian)	Mazaterón Formation	Spain	A hyaenodont belonging to the family Hyaenodontidae.
Promylophis[110]	Gen. et sp. nov		Shockey et al.	Oligocene (Deseadan)	Salla Beds	Bolivia	A member of Litopterna belonging to the family Proterotheriidae. The type species is P. cifellii.

Miscellaneous laurasiatherian research

A study aiming to determine the optimal neck posture of Macrauchenia patachonica is published by Blanco, Yorio & Montenegro (2023).[111]
Revision of the fossil material and the systematic status of Peripantostylops and Othnielmarshia is published by Vera & Mones (2023).[112]
Systematic revision of the genera Icochilus and Interatherium is published by Fernández, Fernicola & Cerdeño (2023), who consider Icochilus to be a junior synonym of Interatherium, conclude that the genus Interatherium comprises the species I. rodens and I. extensus with wide geographic and temporal distribution, and find that the Santa Cruz Formation cannot be subdivided based on the presence or absence of any species of Interatherium.[113]
A study on the bone histology of Caraguatypotherium munozi, providing evidence of inter-skeletal variation on bone growth rates and marked cyclical growth, is published by Campos-Medina et al. (2023).[114]
Solé et al. (2023) reinstate Hyaenodictis as a genus distinct from Dissacus, and describe new fossil material of Hyaenodictis raslanloubatieri and H. rougierae from the Eocene (Ypresian) sites of La Borie and Palette (France), providing evidence that these mesonychids were digitigrade in posture and relatively cursorial in locomotion.[115]

Xenarthrans

Cingulatans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images

Cingulatan research

New collection of dasypodid osteoderms, identified as belonging to armadillos with strong affinities with taxa from Late Miocene localities in northwestern Argentina, is described from the Miocene Toro Negro Formation (La Rioja Province, Argentina) by Brandoni, Barasoain & González Ruiz (2023).[116]

Pilosans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images

Pilosan research

Description of the skull anatomy of Schismotherium fractum is published by Gaudin et al. (2023), who confirm that S. fractum was a taxon distinct from Pelecyodon cristatus.[117]

Other eutherians

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images

Miscellaneous eutherian research

Novacek, Hoffman & O'leary (2023) describe new fossil material of Asioryctes nemegtensis from the Upper Cretaceous Djadochta Formation (Mongolia), expanding known geographic and stratigraphic range of this species.[118]

Metatherians

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes
Archerus[119]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Myers & Crosby	Miocene	Riversleigh World Heritage Area	Australia	A member of the family Phalangeridae. The type species is A. johntoniae.
Chunia pledgei[120]	Sp. nov		Crichton et al.	Oligocene		Australia	A member of the family Ektopodontidae.
Enigmaleo[121]	Gen. et sp. nov		Gillespie	Early Miocene	Riversleigh World Heritage Area	Australia	A member of the family Thylacoleonidae. The type species is E. archeri.
Lekaneleo myersi[121]	Sp. nov		Gillespie	Middle Miocene	Riversleigh World Heritage Area	Australia	A member of the family Thylacoleonidae.
Lutreolina tonnii[122]	Sp. nov	Valid	Goin & de los Reyes	Pleistocene		Argentina	A species of Lutreolina.
Malleodectes? wentworthi[123]	Sp. nov		Churchill et al.	Miocene	Riversleigh World Heritage Area	Australia	A member of Dasyuromorphia belonging to the family Malleodectidae.
Mukupirna fortidentata[124]	Sp. nov		Crichton et al.	Oligocene		Australia	A member of the family Mukupirnidae.
Urrayira[125]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Cramb et al.	Pleistocene (Chibanian)		Australia	A member of Dasyuromorphia belonging or related to the family Dasyuridae. The type species is U. whitei.

Metatherian research

A study on the affinities of metatherians from the Paleogene Itaboraí Basin (Brazil) is published by Carneiro & Oliveira (2023).[126]
A study on the skull and likely vision of Thylacosmilus atrox is published by Gaillard, MacPhee & Forasiepi (2023), who find that, while changes in the skull anatomy related to the growth of the canines of this sparassodont resulted in a divergent orbit orientation, frontation and verticality of the orbits compensated for their low convergence and made it possible to partially preserve binocularity.[127]
Gônet et al. (2023) present a model which can be used to determine posture from humeral parameters in extant mammals, and use it to infer a crouched posture for Peratherium cuvieri.[128]
A study on the affinities of Estelestes ensis is published by Goin et al. (2023).[129]
A study on the bone histology of Nimbadon lavarackorum, providing evidence that this marsupial experienced cyclical growth rates and needed at least 7–8 years to reach skeletal maturity, is published by Chinsamy et al. (2023).[130]

Monotremes

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Patagorhynchus[131]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Chimento et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Chorrillo Formation	Argentina	The type species is P. pascuali.

Other mammals

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images

Other mammalian research

Krause & Hoffmann (2023) provisionally assign a caudal vertebra from the Anembalemba Member of the Upper Cretaceous Maevarano Formation (Madagascar) to Vintana sertichi, representing the first known postcranial material of this species.[132]
Luo & Martin (2023) describe new fossil material (mandibles and teeth) of Henkelotherium guimarotae, reporting evidence of late eruption of several molars after completion of replacement of antemolar teeth, possibly indicating longer-lived life or different life-history traits than in crown therians.[133]

General mammalian research

A study on the masticatory muscle features of extant and extinct mammals is published by Ercoli et al. (2023), who find that early mammaliaforms and mammals had similar muscle proportions to those of living carnivores, and find similarities in the masticatory muscle features of rodents and derived extinct euungulates and diprotodonts.[134]
A study on the timing of the placental diversification, as inferred from genomic data, is published by Foley et al. (2023), who interpret their findings as indicative of diversification of placentals coinciding with the breakup of continental landmasses and rising sea levels in the Late Cretaceous, and a second pulse of diversification after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.[135]

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