1321
Year 1321 (MCCCXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1321 by topic |
|---|
| Leaders |
|
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1321 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1321 MCCCXXI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2074 |
| Armenian calendar | 770 ԹՎ ՉՀ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6071 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1242–1243 |
| Bengali calendar | 728 |
| Berber calendar | 2271 |
| English Regnal year | 14 Edw. 2 – 15 Edw. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1865 |
| Burmese calendar | 683 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6829–6830 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚申年 (Metal Monkey) 4017 or 3957 — to — 辛酉年 (Metal Rooster) 4018 or 3958 |
| Coptic calendar | 1037–1038 |
| Discordian calendar | 2487 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1313–1314 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5081–5082 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1377–1378 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1242–1243 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4421–4422 |
| Holocene calendar | 11321 |
| Igbo calendar | 321–322 |
| Iranian calendar | 699–700 |
| Islamic calendar | 720–721 |
| Japanese calendar | Gen'ō 3 / Genkō 1 (元亨元年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1232–1233 |
| Julian calendar | 1321 MCCCXXI |
| Korean calendar | 3654 |
| Minguo calendar | 591 before ROC 民前591年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −147 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1863–1864 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳金猴年 (male Iron-Monkey) 1447 or 1066 or 294 — to — 阴金鸡年 (female Iron-Rooster) 1448 or 1067 or 295 |
Stefan Milutin (Saint King) a fresco of the Studenica Monastery (around 1314)
Events
Byzantine Empire
- Spring – Byzantine Civil War: Co-Emperor Andronikos III (Palaiologos) flees Constantinople to Adrianople, where he sets up his court and initiates an uprising against his grandfather, Andronikos II. Syrgiannes Palaiologos leads an expeditionary army towards the capital, forcing the emperor to negotiate.[1][2][3]
- June 6 – Andronikos II (Palaiologos) concludes a peace agreement and divides the Byzantine Empire in two. Andronikos III is recognized as co-emperor and receives Thrace and Macedonia. He rewards his followers and gives them towns and regions to administer. Adrianople becomes the new capital.[4]
- Winter – Syrgiannes Palaiologos switches support to Andronikos II (Palaiologos), fleeing to Constantinople. Rewarded with the title of megas doux, he convinces the emperor to resume the war against Andronikos III.[5]
Europe
- May–June – Lepers' Plot: Rumors that lepers (acting on the orders of Jews bribed by Moors) are attempting to spread their disease by contaminating water supplies (including well water) with their powders and poisons to the Christian population, is spread throughout southern France. King Philip V (the Tall) orders that all lepers be imprisoned and examined under torture on June 21. Those found guilty are to be burnt at the stake.[6][7][8]
- October 29 – King Stefan Milutin (Saint King) dies after a 39-year reign. His son Stefan Konstantin claims the Serbian throne, but Konstantin's elder half-brother Stefan Uroš III starts a civil war and succeeds him.[9]
England
- August 14 – King Edward II agrees to the demands from his barons to send Hugh Despenser (the Elder) and his son Hugh Despenser (the Younger) into exile. The Despensers helped Edward in the administration of his financial and land management affairs. This gives them both the opportunity to frustrate the ambitions of the barons and also the chance to enrich themselves.[10]
- October 31 – Edward II captures Leeds Castle after the wife of Bartholomew Badlesmere refuses Queen Isabella of France admittance in her husband's absence, when the latter seeks to force an entry, Lady Badlesmere instructs her archers to shoot at Isabella and her party, six of whom are killed. After Edward occupies the castle, he imprisons her in the Tower of London.[11][12][13]
Western Asia
- The Anatolian Beylik of Teke, a frontier principality, is established by the Oghuz Turks after the decline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum.
Education
- The University of Florence is established by the Republic of Florence.[14]
Religion
- The Gračanica Monastery is founded by King Stefan Milutin (Saint King) on the ruins of a 6th century basilica, located in Kosovo.
- The Spitakavor Monastery, near the Armenian town Yeghegnadzor, is completed.
Literature
- The Kebra Nagast (or The Glory of the Kings) is translated from Arabic to Ge'ez, according to its colophon (approximate date).[15]
Births
- January 6 – William de Greystoke, English landowner (d. 1359)
- February 5 – John II (Palaeologus), Italian nobleman (d. 1372)
- July 5 – Joan of the Tower, queen consort of Scotland (d. 1362)[16]
- August 7 – Bande Nawaz, Indian Sufi scholar and writer (d. 1422)
- August 29 – John of Artois (Lackland), French nobleman (d. 1387)
- date unknown
- Al-Mansur Abu Bakr, Mamluk ruler of Egypt and Syria (d. 1341)
- He Zhen, Chinese nobleman, general and politician (d. 1388)
- James I, Aragonese nobleman (House of Barcelona) (d. 1347)
- Johann Wittenborg, German merchant and politician (d. 1363)
- John III (Megas Komnenos), emperor of Trebizond (d. 1362)
- Louis I (the Wise), Polish nobleman (House of Piast) (d. 1398)
- Nicholas of Holstein, German nobleman and co-ruler (d. 1397)
- Zhang Shicheng, Chinese rebel leader and ruler (d. 1367)[17]
Deaths
- January 13 – Bonacossa Borri, Italian noblewoman (b. 1254)
- March 18 – Matthew III Csák, Hungarian nobleman and knight
- April 9 – (Four Martyrs of Thane)
- Demetrius of Tiflis, Georgian monk and religious leader
- James of Padua, Italian monk, preacher and missionary
- Peter of Siena, Italian monk, preacher and missionary
- Thomas of Tolentino, Italian preacher and missionary
- April 17 – Blanche of Portugal, Portuguese princess (b. 1259)
- April 22 – Bolesław of Oleśnica, Polish nobleman and co-ruler
- April 27 – Nicolò Albertini, Italian friar, cardinal and statesman
- May 31 – Birger Magnusson, king of Sweden (House of Bjelbo)
- July 1 – María de Molina, queen of Castile and León (b. 1265)
- July 23 – Thomas de Berkeley, English nobleman and diplomat
- July 31 – Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi, Almohad mathematician
- August 18 – Rinaldo da Concorezzo, Italian archbishop (b. 1245)
- September 3 – Walter II, Dutch nobleman and co-ruler (b. 1283)
- September 14 – Dante Alighieri, Italian poet and writer (b. 1265)[18]
- October 29 – Stefan Milutin (Saint King), Serbian king (b. 1253)[19]
- November 9 – Walter Langton, English cleric and bishop (b. 1243)
- November 25 – Nicholas Seagrave, English nobleman and knight
- November 27 – Kunigunde of Bohemia, Czech princess (b. 1265)
- date unknown
- Bonacossa Borri, Italian noblewoman (House of Visconti)
- Edmund Butler, Irish Chief Butler, magnate and politician
- Gregory of Raska, Serbian bishop and translator (b. 1275)
- Grigorije II of Ras, Serbian monk-scribe, bishop and saint
- Guillaume Bélibaste, French preacher and Cathar Perfect[20]
- James of Lausanne, French superior, theologian and writer[21]
- Muhammad ibn Rushayd, Almohad scholar, judge and writer
- Reginald of Burgundy, French nobleman, knight and co-ruler
- Sinka Sebesi, Hungarian nobleman, landowner and co-ruler
- Witte van Haemstede, Dutch nobleman and prince (b. 1281)
References
- Nicol, Donald M. (1993). The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453 (second ed.), p. 157. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43991-6.
- Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest, p. 251. University Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08260-4.
- Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204–1453, p. 87. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1620-2.
- Ostrogorsky, George (1969). History of the Byzantine State, pp. 499–501. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-0599-2.
- Kazhdan, Alexander (1991). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, p. 1997. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
- Grayzel, Solomon (1947). A History of the Jews: From the Babylonian Exile to the End of World War II, pp. 389–91. Jewish Publication Society of America. ISBN 0521524547.
- Jordan, William Chester (1997). The Great Famine: Northern Europe in the early Fourteenth Century, p. 171. Princeton University Press. ISBN 1400822130.
- McVaugh, Michael R. (2002). Medicine Before the Plague: Practitioners and Their Patients in the Crown of Aragon, 1285–1345, p. 220. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521524547.
- Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest, p. 263. University Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08260-4.
- Mortimer, Ian (2010). The Greatest Traitor. Vintage Books. p. 109. ISBN 9780099552222.
- Costain, Thomas B (1958). The Three Edwards, pp. 193–195. The Pageant of England, New York: Doubleday and Company.
- McKisack, May (1959). The Fourteenth Century 1307–1399, p. 64. Oxford History of England. London: Oxford University Press.
- Emery, Anthony (2006). "Southern England". Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales 1300–1500, p. 305. London: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-58132-5.
- "Italian". The University of Edinburgh. Archived from the original on January 16, 2018. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
- Hubbard, David Allan (1956). The Literary Sources of the Kebra Negast, p. 352. University of St. Andrews.
- Ashley, Mike (1999). The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens, p. 551. London: Robinson Publishers. ISBN 1-84119-096-9.
- Peter Allan Lorge (2005). War, Politics and Society in Early Modern China, 900–1795, p. 101. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415316910.
- "Dante Alighieri | Biography, Poems, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
- Curta, Florin (2019). Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages (500–1300), pp.667–68. Leiden and Boston: Brill. ISBN 9789004395190.
- Webster, Jason (2009). Sacred Sierra: A Year on a Spanish Mountain, pp. 198–202. London: Chatton & Windus. ISBN 978-0-7011-8157-4.
- Vollert, Cyril O. (1947). Doctrine of Hervaeus Natalis, pp. 112–113. Gregorian Biblical BookShop. ISBN 9788876520242.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.