1320s

The 1320s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1320, and ended on December 31, 1329.

Events

1320

January – March

January 5 – Henry III, Count of Gorizia, arrives in Padua as the Imperial Vicar with a large army, promising protection to the Italian city state.
January 20 – Duke Władysław I the Short becomes king of a reunited Poland, after receiving the approval from Pope John XXII. He is crowned, along with his wife Jadwiga of Kalisz, at the royal cathedral on Wawel Hill at Kraków. Wladysław's kingdom is surrounded by three hostile neighbors: Brandenburg, the Teutonic Order and Bohemia. Looking for allies, he makes an alliance with Charles I, ruler of Hungary.
February 15 – Pope John XXII grants a mandate to the Archbishop of York to order restitution of confiscated Knights Templar property to the Knights Hospitaller.[1]
February 18 – Walter de Stapledon, Bishop of Exeter, becomes the new Lord High Treasurer of England.
March 1 – Emperor Renzong of China, the Mongol leader Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan, dies after a reign of almost nine years. He is succeeded by his son, Gegeen Khan.
March 20 – Shepherds' Crusade (Le Pastoureaux): In France, a large group of common people band together in Normandy on Easter Sunday to begin a crusade, after a teenage shepherd says he was visited by the Holy Spirit.[2] They march south to Aquitaine, attacking castles, royal officials, priests and lepers along the way. Jewish communes are attacked at Saintes, Cahors, Verdun-sur-Garonne, Albi and Toulouse. When they finally cross into Spain, Aragon forces under Prince Alfonso halt their advance. In July, many of the followers are arrested and executed. After that, there are no further incidents and the crusade disperses.[3]

April – June

April 6 – Declaration of Arbroath: King Robert the Bruce sends a letter to John XXII. He asks him to recognize Scottish sovereignty, and Robert's right to be ruler of Scotland. Hoping that he will lift the excommunication order under which Robert is being held for the death of John Comyn III (John the Red) .[4][5]
April 19 – Gegeen Khan (Prince Shidibala) becomes the new Mongol Emperor Yingzong of the Yuan dyansty of China after the death of his father, Emperor Renzong.
May 29 & ndash; Pope John VIII of Alexandria, leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church, dies in Egypt after a reign of 20 years. He will be succeeded by Pope John IX
June 4 – King Edward II of England appoints Lord Pembroke as keeper of the realm before traveling to France.[6]
June 18 – Treaty of Baena: Sultan Ismail I signs an 8-year truce with Castile at Baena. King James II, who receives papal authorization and funds for a crusade against Granada refuses to accept the treaty. Both parties promise to aid one another against their respective enemies. Meanwhile, Ismail consolidates the territories formally under his control with the emirate.[7]
June 19 – Shepherds' Crusade: Unnerved by the prospect of the arrival of the shepherds at Avignon to begin a crusade, Pope John XXII orders their dispersal.

July – September

July 6 –To strengthen the alliance between Hungary and Poland, and with the approval of Pope John XXII, Charles I of Hungary marries Princess Elizabeth of Poland, the 15-year-old daughter King Wladyslaw I.[8]
July 9 – In India's Delhi Sultanate, Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah is murdered by his favourite, Khusrau Khan, who succeeds him on the throne.[9]
August 4 – William II de Soules confesses to treason before the Scottish Parliament at a hearing at the "Black Parliament" session held at Scone. For the crime of conspiring against King Robert, Soules is sentenced to life imprisonment at Dumbarton Castle.
September 5 – Delhi's Sultan Khusrau Khan, who betrayed and murdered Qutbuddin Shah in May to become ruler in India, is himself betrayed and murdered by his governor, Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq, who founds Delhi's Tughlaq dynasty. Sultan Ghiyath appoints military governors in Punjab and Sindh province, who manage to halt Mongol incursions towards the sultanate.[9]
September 9 – Battle of Saint George: Byzantine forces under Andronikos Asen defeat the army of the Principality of Achaea, securing the possession of Arcadia. During the battle, Latin commander Bartholomew II is taken prisoner, along with several high-ranking nobles of the principality, and is sent to Constantinople.[10][11]
September 28 – Pope John IX of Alexandria is elected as the new spiritual leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church, succeeding Pope John VIII.

October – December

October 12 – Andronikos II Palaiologos, who was co-ruler of Byzantium, becomes the sole ruler upon the death of his son Michael IX Palaiologos. Michael's son Andronikos begins a rebellion against his grandfather emperor six months later.
October 17 – Prince Jaime of Aragon marries the 12-year-old Princess Leonor of Castile at Gandesa, but announces at the conclusion of the mass that "his decision was to never rule" the Kingdom of Aragon as a sovereign or even to remain in secular life, but to instead enter a monastery to pursue a life "under a religious rule."[12] King Jaime II informs Leonor's grandmother (Queen Maria de Molina) of the situation on October 22, and Queen Maria demands the return of Leonor immediately. Having renounced his royal rights, Prince Jaime finds afterward that he will not be allowed to enter a monastery either.
October 27 – Magnus Birgersson, who had been the crown prince of Sweden until his father, King Birger was forced to flee, was beheaded by order of King Magnus Eriksson. Magnus Birgersson, who had defended the Stegeborg Castle in 1318 to allow his father to flee to safety, was convicted of having participated in the Nyköping Banquet betrayal of 1317.[13]
November 13 – King Eric VI of Denmark dies after a 33-year reign at Roskilde, leaving a vacancy that will not be filled until the January election of his brother Christopher II. During his rule, he attempts to control the routes of the Hanseatic League. The Hanse, an association of Baltic merchants, expels the English and Scots, and gains a monopoly of trade with Norway.[9]
December 21 – Representatives of England's King Edward II and Scotland's King Robert the Bruce sign a two-year truce.[14] Hostilities are to cease until Christmas Day, 1321, with the Scots to build no new castles in the sheriffdoms of Berwick , Roxburgh, and Dumfries, and the English were to either transfer the Harbottle garrison in Northumberland to Scotland, or to destroy it.[15] A long-term peace is still far off because of Edward's arrogant refusal to relinquish his claims of sovereignty over the Scots.[16]

1321

January – March

January 19 – King Edward II of England appoints the Archbishop of York; the Bishops of Carlisle, Worcester and Winchester; the Earls of Pembroke, Hereford and Badlesmere; and six other people to negotiate with Scotland for a final peace treaty or for an extension of the Pembroke treaty of 1319 before its expiration on Christmas Day. [17]
January 20 – a commission is appointed by the English Parliament to inquire about illegal confederacies in Wales against the King. [18]
January 30 – The Welsh Earls of Hereford, Arundel and Surrey, and 26 other people are forbidden from attending any meetings to discuss matters affecting King Edward II. [18]
February 10 – By papal verdict announced in the Polish town of Brześć, the Teutonic Knights are ordered to return the coastal region of Gdańsk Pomerania to Poland, having annexed and occupied it since 1308. The Teutonic Order appeals the judgment and continues fighting against Poland, with a new Polish–Teutonic War breaking out soon afterward.
March 22 – The first Genkō era begins in Japan after the end of the Gen'ō era.

April – June

April 8 – In the Delhi Sultanate of India, European Dominican missionaries who had accompanied Jordan de Savarec are killed while stranded on Salsette Island. Jordan is able to escape and continue his ministry.
April 12 – Sweden's governing council votes to bar foreigners from the royal palace, and to request that the Norwegian council admonish the regent Ingeborg to avoid taking advice from foreigners when making decisions. Ingeborg, who was serving as regent for her minor son, King Magnus, ruler of both Sweden and Norway, had become infamous for making decisions without consultation from the councils of either of the kingdoms.
April 14 – Prince Wenceslaus of Płock allies with the Teutonic Knights of Poland and signs an agreement at the city of Golub, pledging to prevent Lithuanian troops to pass through his principality.
April 19 – On Easter Sunday, civil war erupts in Byzantium as Andronikos Palaiologos begins a rebellion against his grandfather, the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos. The 24-year-old Andronikos is joined by Theodore Synadenos and John Kantakouzenos in the rebellion.
May 4 – The German play Ludus de decem virginibus, a dramatization of the New Testament Parable of the Ten Virgins, is first performed.
May 5 – Wars of the Rügen Succession: Dukes Otto I of Pomerania, Vartislav IV of Pomerania-Wolgast and Barnim III of Pomerania-Stettin reach a mutual inheritance contract with Vitslav III of Rügen.
May 8 – In Egypt's Mamluk Sultanate, a campaign by Muslims starts against the Christian settlements of the Coptic Orthodox Church. Over 60 churches and monasteries are burned.
May 16 – Johan de Bosco, a French person diagnosed with leprosy, claims that a fellow leper, "Geraldus" is attempting to spread their disease by contaminating well water, fountains and rivers with bags of powder that will give leprosy to anyone who drinks from the water source. The statement leads to the Leper Scare", and rumors spread in southern France that French Jews are responsible, and prompts an investigation. [19]
June 6 – Andronikos II Palaiologos concludes a peace agreement and divides the Byzantine Empire in two. Andronikos III is recognized as co-emperor and receives Thrace and Macedonia. He rewards his followers and gives them towns and regions to administer. Adrianople becomes the new capital.[20]
June 9 – Guillaume Agasse, the head of a leper house in Pamiers, claims in a statement to Bishop Jacques Founier that he had learned that more than 50 officials of leper houses had conspired with the Muslim King of Granada to spread leprosy throughout France. [21] Bishop Founier is later elected as Pope Benedict XII.
June 21 – King Philip V of France orders that all lepers be imprisoned and interrogated. Those found guilty, often under torture, are to be burnt at the stake.[22][23][24]
June 23 – Pope John XXII approves a second inquiry into the matter of the canonization of Thomas Aquinas, with four commissioners to take testimony of witnesses. [25]

July – September

July 1 – María de Molina, grandmother of and regent for 12-year-old King Alfonso XI of Castile, dies at the age of 56, two relatives assume the regency and split Castile between themselves while chaos exists inside the Spanish kingdom. Alfonso's uncle, Don Juan Manuel de Ivrea, and cousin Juan de Castilla y Haro (called Juan el Tuerto or Juan the One-Eyed) remain in power until Alfonso XI reaches majority on 13 August 1325.
July 15 – In England, the "Parliament of Whitebands" convenes with only 38 barons present, to remove suspect counsellors to the King.
July 24 – A marriage contract is signed on behalf of Princess Euphemia, the 4-year-old sister of King Magnus of Sweden and Norway, and daughter of the regent Ingeborg of Norway, to eventually marry Albert of Mecklenburg the 3-year-old son of Henry I, Lord of Mecklenburg. The marriage will not take place until almost 15 years later.
August 14 – King Edward II agrees to the demands from his barons to send Hugh Despenser the Elder and his son Hugh Despenser the Younger into exile. The Despensers helped Edward in the administration of his financial and land management affairs. This gives them both the opportunity to frustrate the ambitions of the barons and also the chance to enrich themselves.[26]
September 14 – Italian author Dante Alighieri, known for The Inferno, dies of malaria at Ravenna after having undertaken a diplomatic mission in the Republic of Venice.

October – December

October 29 – King Stefan Milutin dies after a 39-year reign. His son Stefan Konstantin claims the Serbian throne, but Konstantin's elder half-brother Stefan Uroš III starts a civil war and succeeds him.[27]
October 31 – Edward II captures Leeds Castle after Margaret de Clare, wife of Bartholomew Badlesmere refuses Queen Isabella admittance in her husband's absence. When the Queen seeks to force an entry, Lady Badlesmere instructs her archers to shoot at Isabella and her party, six of whom are killed. After Edward occupies the castle, Lady Badlesmere becomes the first woman to ever be imprisoned in the Tower of London. She will be freed on November 3, 1322. [28][29][30]
November 10 – Canonization of Thomas Aquinas: In Italy, a second inquiry begins at Fossanova, as three commissioners (Pandulpho de Sabbello; Petrus Ferri, Bishop of Anagni; and Andreas, Bishop of Terracina) take testimony from over 100 witnesses until November 27. [25]
November 27 – In northern Italy, Rinaldo dei Bonacolsi, Duke of Mantua, begins the siege of Mirandola against Francesco I Pico, Duke of Mirandola. Bonaclsi has Pico and his sons Francesco and Tommasino arrested and imprisoned in the Castel d'Ario. [31] The castle is besieged the next day and lasts 33 days.
December 8 – Confronting the rebellion of Thomas of Lancaster, the Baron Badlesmere, and Roger Mortimer, King Edward II arrives in Cirencester, then leads troops up the Severn Valley from Gloucester against the rebels. [32]
December 26 – Faced with an invasion of London during the rebellion of Thomas of Lancaster, by troops led by the English rebel, the Baron Badlesmere, King Edward II of England offers safe conduct for any rebels who come over to the royalist side, but orders the Sheriff of Gloucester to arrest Badlesmere. [33]
December 31 – the Duke of Mantua completes the siege of Mirandola, taking control of the Duchy, and then orders the castle of Duke Francesco I Pico to be destroyed. [34]

By place

Byzantine Empire

Spring – Byzantine Civil War: Co-Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos flees Constantinople to Adrianople, where he sets up his court and initiates an uprising against his grandfather, Andronikos II. Syrgiannes Palaiologos leads an expeditionary army towards the capital, forcing the emperor to negotiate.[35][36][37]
Winter – Syrgiannes Palaiologos switches support to Andronikos II Palaiologos, fleeing to Constantinople. Rewarded with the title of megas doux, he convinces the emperor to resume the war against Andronikos III.[38]

Western Asia

The Anatolian Beylik of Teke, a frontier principality, is established by the Oghuz Turks after the decline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum.

By topic

Education

The University of Florence is established by the Republic of Florence.[39]

Religion

The Gračanica Monastery is founded by King Stefan Milutin, nicknamed "The Saint King", on the ruins of a 6th century basilica, located in Kosovo.
The Spitakavor Monastery, near the Armenian town Yeghegnadzor, is completed.

Literature

The Kebra Nagast ("The Glory of the Kings") is translated from Arabic to Ge'ez, according to its colophon (approximate date).[40]

1322

January – March

January 3 – Charles IV the Fair, the last member of the House of Capet and younger brother of King Philip V becomes the new King of France upon Philip's death at Longchamp Abbey, near Paris. After Charles assumes the throne, he refuses to release his wife Blanche of Burgundy, who is imprisoned for adultery with a Norman knight, from prison, and asks that the marriage be annulled).
January 6 – Stephen Uroš III Dečanski becomes king of Serbia, having defeated his half-brother Stefan Konstantin in battle. He is crowned by Archbishop Nikodim I, and his 14-year-old son Stefan Dušan becomes co-ruler of Serbia. This is the first coronation for a "young king" in Serbia. Dečanski later grants him the province of Zeta as a fief, indicating his intention for Dušan to be his heir.[41]
January 12 – Marie of Brabant, queen consort of France DIES
February 13 – The collapse of the central crossing tower of Ely Cathedral, possibly as a result of digging foundations for the Lady Chapel, allows the construction of the Octagon that takes its place.
March 10 – Battle of Burton Bridge: King Edward II orders an attack on the fortified positions of the rebel army under Thomas of Lancaster at Walton-on-Trent. Thomas is heavily outnumbered and decides to withdraw, but is pursued by Edward's troops. He escapes with the remnants of his army to Tutbury Castle and evades Edward's patrols to cross the flooded Dove River. Finally, Thomas makes his way northwards.[42]
March 16 – Battle of Boroughbridge: English forces (some 4,000 men) led by Andrew Harclay defeat the rebel barons at Boroughbridge. During the battle, Harclay holds the bridge against fierce rebel attacks and Thomas of Lancaster is forced to surrender. [43]
March 22 – After a show trial at Pontefract Castle, and his conviction by a tribunal for treason against the crown, English rebel Thomas of Lancaster is beheaded in public.

April – June

April 14 – Baron Badlesmere, who had led an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow King Edward II of England, is found guilty of treason at a trial in Canterbury. His death sentence is carried out later in the day. [44]
April 22 – Albert IV becomes the new Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg in Germany upon the death of his father, John II
April 30 – Tarabya I becomes the new ruler of the Sagaing Kingdom of Burma on the 1st waning of Kason 684 ME (on the Burmese calendar), after the death of King Saw Yun, according to the Yazawin Thit chronicle.
May 19 – At the request of King Philip V of France, Pope John XXII annuls the marriage of Philip and Blanche of Burgundy. Blanche is transferred from prison to Gavray Castle.[45]
June 24 – In Italy, Galeazzo I Visconti becomes the new Lord of Milan upon the death of his father Matteo I Visconti.
June 26 – Alice de Lacy, Countess of Lincoln, surrenders almost all of her properties to King Edward II in order to avoid execution.

July – September

July 1 – Al-Nasir Muhammad, the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, asks for aid from the Ikhanate Mongol ruler of Iran, Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan, for help in what is now southern Turkey. Al-Nasir had started a campaign against the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, led by King Oshin, and Pope John XXII had recently dispatched troops to aid the Armenians. By the time the Ikhanate troops arrive, a ceasefire has been negotiated between the Muslims and the Christians. [46]
July 6 – In northern Italy, troops of the semi-independent Patriarchate of Aquileia, led by Bishop Pagano della Torre, are routed in a battle at Bassignana against the Duchy of Milan, led by Duke Galeazzo I Visconti. [47]
July 17 – An agreement is reached in the Byzantine civil war between Emperor Andronikos II and his rebellious grandson, Andronikos III Palaiologos, signed outside the Byzantine fortress of Epibates (now Selimpaşa in Turkey). [48] The two men agree that they will jointly rule Byzantium as co-Emperors.
August 1 – Pope John XXII issues a general decree condemning the Fraticelli (Spriritual Franciscans) in the Kingdom of Naples, urging King Roberto il Saggio ("Robert the Wise") to suppress the adherents rebelling against Roman Catholic doctrine.
September 17 – Louis Dampierre becomes the new Count of Flanders in what is now the Flemish-speaking half of Belgium, upon the death of his grandfather, Robert III, "The Lion of Flanders". Louis had recently become Count of Nevers upon the July 22 death of his father (and Robert's eldest son), Count Louis.
September 20 – Scotland's King Robert the Bruce begins the "Great Raid" of sites in northern England, leading troops across the River Tweed and starting with an attack on Norham Castle. England's King Edward II responds with an order directing the English Army to assemble at Newcastle upon Tyne to make a counterattack. [49]
September 21 – King Charles IV the Fair of France marries the 18-year-old Marie of Luxembourg, the eldest daughter of the late Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor, following the annulment of Charles's marriage to Blanche of Burgundy die at a young age.[50]
September 28 – Battle of Mühldorf: Bavarian forces (some 2,000 men) led King Louis the Bavarian defeat the Austrians under his cousin, Anti-King Frederick the Fair at Mühldorf (Southern Bavaria). During the battle, Frederick is captured together with his 22-year-old brother, Henry the Friendly (along with 1,000 nobles).[51]

October – December

October 14 – Battle of Old Byland: Scottish forces led by King Robert the Bruce defeat the English army in Yorkshire. During the battle, Robert and his highlanders charge themselves in a flanking position, from where the English troops are overrun. Edward II narrowly escapes capture and is forced to abandon his personal equipment, silver plate, jewelry and horse trappings. He flees with his retinue to Bridlington.[52]
November 2 –
- Dmitry of Tver, nicknamed "Dmitry of the Fearsome Eyes", Grand Prince of Tver in Russia, becomes the new monarch of the Grand Principality of Vladimir.
- Scotland's King Robert the Bruce ends his "Great Raid" campaign after six weeks, and withdraws his troops from norther England. [49]
November 3 – Margaret de Clare and widow of the Baron Baldesmere, is freed from incarceration after having spent more than a year as the first woman ever to be imprisoned in the Tower of London. Margaret retires to a religious life at the convent of the Minorite Sisters (now called the Order of Saint Clare.
November 16 – The tiny Spanish emirate of Guadix, created after Nasr was forced to abdicate as Sultan of Granada in 1314, comes to an end upon Nasr's death.
December 8 – Pope John XXII issues the papal bull Ad conditorem canonum, permanently renouncing the doctrine that the Roman Catholic Church owns all of the properties of the Franciscan Order. [53]
December 25 – King James II of Aragon marries for the fourth time during his reign, taking as his bride Elisenda de Montcada, in a ceremony in the Spanish city of Tarragona.

By place

Europe

Summer – Battle of Bliska: A coalition of Croatian noblemen (with the support of King Charles I) defeats Mladen II Šubić of Bribir, ruler (ban) of Bosnia. After the battle, Mladen is arrested by the Croatian Parliament during an assembly held in Knin Fortress and is taken as a prisoner to the royal court in Hungary on October 8.[54]
The Dalmatian House of Keglević (generatio Percal) is mentioned in a document for the first time (approximate date).

1323

By place

Europe

March 6 – Treaty of Paris: Count Louis I relinquish Flemish claims over the County of Zeeland. He acknowledges William II (the Good) as count of Avesnes, Holland, and Zeeland as a state within the Holy Roman Empire. William occupies most of the Bishopric of Utrecht and tries to conquer Friesland (or Frisia) but is repelled by Governor Hessel Martena.[55]
June 11 – Bertrand du Pouget, French papal legate, commanding a military campaign against the Ghibellines besieges Milan – but abandons the siege when King Louis IV (the Bavarian) sends a relief army to Italy to aid the city and to protect his domains against the Kingdom of Naples, which is together with France the strongest ally of the Papal States.[56]
June 28 – Siege of Villa di Chiesa: Aragonese forces under Prince Alfonso IV (the Kind) begin the siege at Villa di Chiesa. The fortified town is founded by Count Ugolino della Gherardesca, but is now under the control of the Republic of Pisa. Alfonso attacks the town with some 1,000 men and several siege engines, while the citizens are starved to death.[57]
August 12 – Treaty of Nöteborg: Sweden signs a peace treaty with the Novgorod Republic, regulating the border (known as Finland today) for the first time. The treaty is negotiated with the help of the Hanseatic League in order to conclude the conflict over the control of the Gulf of Finland during the Swedish-Novgorodian Wars.[58]
November – Flemish Revolt: A uprising in Flanders is caused by both excessive taxation levied by Louis I, and by his pro-French policies. The revolt is led by landowning farmers under Nicolaas Zannekin. Members of the local gentry join and William Deken, mayor of Bruges, becomes the leader of the revolt.[59]
Winter – A conflict between Ingeborg of Norway and the regencies of her 7-year-old son, King Magnus IV (Eriksson), in Sweden and Norway, ends with the diminution of her power.[60]

England

May 30 – King Edward II makes a 13-year truce with Scotland at York. Despite the truce, Edward refuses to accept Robert I (the Bruce) as independent ruler of Scotland.[61]

Asia

March 13 – Siege of Warangal: Sultan Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq sends an expeditionary army led by his son, Muhammad bin Tughluq, to the Kakatiya capital Warangal – after ruler Prataparudra has refused to make tribute payments. He besieges the city and finally, after a campaign of 8 months, Prataparudra surrenders on November 9.[62]

By topic

Architecture

Remains of the Lighthouse of Alexandria (one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World) are topled by the third of a series of earthquakes.

Cities and Towns

Vilnius is first mentioned in written sources as Vilna when the Letters of Grand Duke Gediminas, Vilnius are sent to German cities inviting Germans (including German Jews) to settle in the capital city.[63]

Religion

July 18 – Thomas Aquinas (or Aquino), Italian priest and theologian, is canonized by Pope John XXII at the Avignon Cathedral and pronounced as a saint.[64]
October 8 – John XXII claims the right to confirm imperial elections and demands that Louis IV (the Bavarian) surrender the kingship of the Romans.[65]

1324

By place

Europe

February 7 – Siege of Villa di Chiesa: Aragonese forces led by Prince Alfonso IV (the Kind) capture the city of Villa di Chiesa due to attrition. The Pisan garrison surrenders after an 8-month siege. It represents the first act of the Aragonese conquest of Sardinia, for the creation of the Kingdom of Sardinia.[66]
February 29 – Battle of Lucocisterna: Aragonese forces led by Alfonso IV (the Kind) defeat a Pisan army, which is disembarked near the area of Capoterra. During the battle, Alfonso loses some 150 knights. On the same day, a Pisan fleet (some 30 galleys) is defeated in the Gulf of Cagliari at Sardinia.[67]
September – War of Four Lords: King John of Bohemia (the Blind), his uncle Baldwin of Luxembourg, Count Edward I and Duke Frederick IV (the Fighter), form a coalition and devastate the region around Metz. The city is besieged, using cannons, perhaps for the first time in Western Europe.[68]

Asia Minor

Sultan Osman I (or Othman) dies after a 25-year reign at Bursa. He is the founder of the Ottoman Empire (first known as a Turkmen principality in the northwest of Anatolia). He is succeeded by his 43-year-old son Orhan I as the second ruler (bey), who places his residence at Söğüt in Bilecik Province (approximate date).[69]

Africa

Emperor Musa I arrives in Cairo on his hajj to Mecca – accompanied by an entourage numbering in the thousands and with hundreds of pounds of gold. This display of wealth garners the Mali Empire a place on European maps in 1395. On his return journey, he peacefully annexes Timbuktu. He told the Arabic historian Al-Umari that "his predecessors had launched two expeditions from West Africa to discover the limits of the Atlantic Ocean."

By topic

Literature

Marsilius of Padua writes Defensor pacis (the Defender of Peace), a theological treatise arguing against the power of the clergy and in favor of a secular state.[70]

Religion

March 23 – Pope John XXII excommunicates King Louis IV (the Bavarian), as Louis had not sought papal approval during his conflict against his rival Frederick the Fair. He in turn, declares the pope a heretic, because of John's opposition to the view of Christ's absolute poverty held by some Franciscans.[71]
William of Ockham, English Franciscan friar and philosopher, is summoned by John XXII to the papal court at Avignon and imprisoned.[72]

1325

By place

Europe

Summer – War of the Bucket: Guelph forces (some 32,000 men) led by Pope John XXII invade Modenese territory, and lay waste the fields in the section "between the canals" by fire. The war is an episode in the 200-year-long power struggle between the Guelphs and Ghibellines in Northern Italy. The war is supported by the Papal States, which allied with the Guelphs, and on the other side by the Holy Roman Empire.[73]
July 8 – Sultan Ismail I is murdered in his palace, the Alhambra, after a 9-year reign. The attackers are captured and beheaded. Ismail is succeeded by his 10-year-old son Muhammad IV, who becomes the new ruler of the Emirate of Granada. Vizier Muhammad ibn al-Mahruq, serving as wakil (or regent), quarrels for control of the young sultan's government.[74]
August 7 – Battle of Varey: The 16-year-old Guigues VIII, local ruler (dauphin) of Vienne, defeats the Savoyard forces at Saint-Jean-le-Vieux. During the battle, a Burgundian cavalry charge is repulsed and is forced back to the Savoyard camp. With the assistance of the Varey garrison, Guigues pillages the camp and takes John I, count of Auxerre, prisoner.[75]
November 15 – Battle of Zappolino: Ghibelline forces (some 7,000 men) defeat the much stronger Guelph army under John XXII near Bologna. After the battle, Ghibelline influence in the region is consolidated.[76]

England

Spring – Queen Isabella of France, wife of King Edward II, travels to France to see her brother, King Charles IV (the Fair). Her mission is to bring an end to the disputes over land. Charles agrees to the English reclaiming the lands of Gascony and Ponthieu as long as Edward comes to Paris to pay him homage. In Paris, Isabella meets Roger Mortimer who has recently escaped from the Tower of London. The two fall in love with each other.
September 12 – Edward II is persuaded not to go to France by Hugh Despenser (the Elder), his chief adviser. He decides to send his 12-year-old son, Prince Edward of Windsor, to go to Paris and to pay homage instead. Before the young Edward departs, he is bestowed with the title of Count of Ponthieu. Charles IV gives his consent for him to receive English Aquitaine.[77]
September 21 – Isabella of France conspires with the exiled Roger Mortimer to have Edward II deposed. To build up diplomatic and military support, Isabella has Edward of Windsor engaged to the 12-year-old Philippa of Hainault. She is the daughter of Count William I (the Good), who is married to Joan of Valois, granddaughter of the late King Philip III (the Bold).[78][79]

Asia Minor

The town Bolu is conquered by Ottoman forces led by Sultan Orhan, becoming known under the present Turkish name – sometimes called Bolou or Boli.

Africa

Summer – Ibn Battuta, Moroccan scholar and explorer, sets off from his hometown Tangier on a hajj, or pilgrimage, to Mecca. On route, he travels to Tlemcen, Béjaïa and Tunis, where he stays for two months. For safety, Ibn Battuta joins a caravan to reduce the risk of being robbed. Underway, he takes a bride in Sfax, but soon leaves her due to a dispute with her father.[80]

Asia

February 1 – Sultan Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq is murdered after a 5-year reign at Kara-Manikpur. He is succeeded by his son Muhammad II (or Juna Khan) as ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.[81]

Mesoamerica

The Aztecs settle on a site that marks the origin of Tenochtitlan (know now as the historic center of Mexico City), located on a small island in Lake Texcoco.[82]

By topic

Art and Humanity

Giotto di Bondone, Italian painter and architect, completes the frescoes for the four chapels of Santa Croce in Florence (approximate date).[83]

1326

January–December

January 21 – The foundation of Oriel College, the University of Oxford's fifth oldest (still surviving) college, is confirmed by royal charter.
February 10–March 11 – Raid on Brandenburg: Allied forces of the Kingdom of Poland, led by Władysław I the Elbow-high, and of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led by the pagan Gediminas, raid Louis V of Germany's Margraviate of Brandenburg (within the Holy Roman Empire), with the sanction of Pope John XXII.
April 19 – A peace treaty in the Flemish peasant revolt, 1323-1328, is ratified.
June 3 – The Treaty of Novgorod delineates the border between Russia and Norway in Finnmark.
August 27 – A marriage contract is drawn up between Prince Edward (the future Edward III of England) and Philippa of Hainault, guaranteeing that the wedding will take place within two years.[84]
September 24 – England is invaded by Isabella of France and Roger Mortimer.[85]
October – Ibn Battuta reaches Mecca.

Date unknown

Orhan I succeeds Osman I, on the throne of the Ottoman Empire.
Ingeborg of Norway is deposed from political power in Sweden.
The use of the word "cannon" is first recorded in reference to a firearm.
Clare College, the University of Cambridge's second oldest (still surviving) college, is founded.

1327

January–December

January 25 – The 14-year-old Edward III is proclaimed King of England, after his mother Isabella has engineered the abdication of his imprisoned father Edward II of England, on January 20, effective January 25. Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer rule as regents (the coronation takes place February 1).
April 6 (Good Friday) – Tuscan writer Petrarch sees a woman he names Laura in the church of Sainte-Claire d'Avignon, which awakes in him a lasting passion. He writes a series of sonnets and other poems in Italian dedicated to her, which are collected into Il Canzoniere, an influential model for Renaissance culture.
June 14 – A peace treaty is signed between Norway and Sønderjylland.
June 21 – Ingeborg of Norway marries her lover Knud Porse, but is deposed from political power in Norway.
November – Alfonso IV of Aragon begins his reign.

Date unknown

English abbot Richard of Wallingford describes the construction of an astronomical clock in his Tractatus Horologii Astronomici.
Grand Canal (China), which ran from Hangzhou to Beijing over a distance of 1800 km, was completed.[86]

1328

January 24 – Philippa of Hainault marries King Edward III of England a year after his coronation.[87] The marriage produces ten children, the eldest of whom is Edward the Black Prince.
May 1 – Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton: England recognises Scotland as an independent nation, after the Wars of Scottish Independence.
May 12 – Antipope Nicholas V is consecrated at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome by the bishop of Venice.
May 26 – William of Ockham secretly leaves Avignon, under threat from Pope John XXII.
May 29 – King Philip VI of France is crowned, founding the House of Valois, after the death of King Charles IV of France, who has no sons to inherit.
August 23 – Battle of Cassel: French troops stop an uprising of Flemish farmers.
Undated – The Augustiner-Bräu is first recorded as the brewery of an Augustinian monastery at Munich.[88]

1329

January–December

February 1 – King John of Bohemia (of the Teutonic Order) captures Medvėgalis, an important fortress of the pagan Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and baptizes 6,000 of its defenders.
February 18 – Amda Seyon I, Emperor of Ethiopia, begins his campaigns in the southern Muslim provinces (possibly in 1332).
March 27 – Pope John XXII condemns some teachings of Meister Eckhart as heretical.
April – Antipope Nicholas V is excommunicated by Pope John XXII.
June 6 – Edward III of England pays homage to Philip VI of France for Aquitaine.
June 7 – David II becomes King of Scots at age 5; he will rule Scotland for nearly 42 years.
June 10 – Braganstown massacre, County Louth, Ireland: Over 160 are killed.
June 11 – Battle of Maltepe (Pelekanon): Ottoman Turks defeat the Byzantine Empire.

Date unknown

Aimone of Savoy becomes Count of Savoy.
Construction begins on the Archcathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Saint Andrew in Frombork, Poland.
Amberg, Germany, passes to the House of Wittelsbach.
Michael of Cesena is deposed as General of the Franciscans.
Stefan Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia defeats Stephen II, Ban of Bosnia.
Wiesbaden is granted the right of coinage by Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor.

Significant people

Births

1320

February 9 – Catherine of Austria, German noblewoman (d. 1349)
April 8 – Peter I the Cruel, king of Portugal (d. 1367)
May 25 – Toghon Temür (Emperor Huizong), Mongol emperor (d. 1370)
October 13 – Perenelle Flamel, French female alchemist (d. 1397)
date unknown
- Adalbertus Ranconis de Ericinio, Czech philosopher (d. 1388)
- Averardo de Medici , Italian nobleman (d. 1363)
- Beatrice of Bourbon, queen consort of Bohemia (d. 1383)
- Bertrand du Guesclin, Breton knight and general (d. 1380)
- Blanka of Namur, queen of Norway and Sweden (d.1363)
- Chen Youliang, Chinese founder of Chen Han (d. 1363)[89]
- Constantine Harmenopoulos, Byzantine judge (d. 1385)[90]
- Gabriele Adorno, Genoese nobleman and doge (d. 1383)
- Galeazzo II, Italian nobleman (House of Visconti) (d. 1378)
- Isabella, Scottish noblewoman (House of Stuart) (d. 1389)
- Jan of Czarnków, Polish nobleman and diplomat (d. 1387)
- John Mohun V, English nobleman and knight (d. 1376)
- John Twenge, English preacher, canon and prior (d. 1379)
- Kitabatake Akinobu, Japanese nobleman (kuge) (d. 1380)
- Lalleshwari (Lal Ded), Indian mystic and poet (d. 1392)
- Louis I, king of Naples (Capetian House of Anjou) (d. 1362)
- Michael Panaretos, Byzantine historian and writer (d. 1390)
- Neil Loring, English knight and diplomat (d. 1386)
- Nicholas Szécsi, Hungarian nobleman and knight (d. 1387)[91]
- Nicodemus of Tismana, Byzantine monk and writer (d. 1406)
- Nijō Yoshimoto, Japanese nobleman and waka poet (d. 1388)
- Nissim of Gerona, Spanish talmudist and scholar (d. 1380)
- Otto the Tarantine, German nobleman and prince (d. 1398)
- Ragibagh Khan (Tianshun), Mongol emperor (d. 1328)
- Siemowit III, Polish nobleman (House of Piast) (d. 1381)
- Ugolino Gonzaga, Italian nobleman and knight (d. 1362)

1321

January 6 – William de Greystoke, English landowner (d. 1359)
February 5 – John II, Marquess of Montferrat , Italian nobleman (d. 1372)
July 5 – Joan of the Tower, queen consort of Scotland (d. 1362)[92]
August 7 – Bande Nawaz, Indian Sufi scholar and writer (d. 1422)
August 29 – John of Artois, Count of Eu, French nobleman (d. 1387)
date unknown
- Al-Mansur Abu Bakr, Mamluk ruler of Egypt and Syria (d. 1341)
- He Zhen, Chinese nobleman, general and politician (d. 1388)
- James I, Aragonese nobleman (House of Barcelona) (d. 1347)
- Johann Wittenborg, German merchant and politician (d. 1363)
- John III of Trebizond ("Megas Komnenos"), Emperor of Trebizond (d. 1362)
- Louis I of Brzeg ("Louis the Wise"), Polish nobleman from the (House of Piast) (d. 1398)
- Nicholas, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg, German nobleman and co-ruler (d. 1397)
- Zhang Shicheng, Chinese rebel leader and ruler (d. 1367)[93]

1322

January 11 – Emperor Kōmyō of Japan, with the birth name "Prince Yutahito". (d. 1380)
January 21 – Sin Don, Korean monk and teacher (d. 1371)
February 12 – John Henry, Bohemian prince and ruler (d. 1375)
June 24 – Joanna of Brabant, Dutch noblewoman (d. 1406)[94]
date unknown
- Agnes of Austria, German princess and ruler (d. 1392)
- Al-Taftazani, Persian polymath and theologian (d. 1390)
- Imelda Lambertini, Italian nun and patroness (d. 1333)
- Michael Asen IV, Bulgarian prince and co-ruler (d. 1355)
- Nicolas de Besse, French bishop and cardinal (d. 1369)
- Nicolaus of Luxemburg, Bohemian patriarch (d. 1358)[95]
- Reynold Grey, English nobleman and peerage (d. 1388)

1323

February 9 – Margaret of Brabant, Dutch noblewoman (d. 1380)
March 27 – Anne of Luxembourg, Bohemian princess (d. 1338)
April 9 – Kyaswa of Sagaing, Burmese prince and ruler (d. 1349)
November 10 – Philip I, French nobleman and knight (d. 1346)[96]
date unknown
- Bernabò Visconti, Italian nobleman and statesman (d. 1385)
- Charles of Durazzo, Italian nobleman and knight (d. 1348)[97]
- Haring Harinxma, Frisian chieftain and potestaat (d. 1404)
- Ibn al-Mulaqqin, Egyptian scholar, jurist and writer (d. 1401)
- Jeanne of Hainault, French noblewoman and ruler (d. 1350)
- Marie de Châtillon, French noblewoman and regent (d. 1363)
- Robert of Namur, Dutch nobleman and crusader (d. 1391)
- Thomas Griffin, English nobleman and knight (d. 1360)[98]
- Vieri de' Medici, Italian nobleman and banker (d. 1395)[99]

1324

March 5 – David II, king of Scotland (Clan Bruce) (d. 1371)[100]
August 4 – Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini, Egyptian scholar (d. 1403)[101]
date unknown
- Bayan Khutugh, Mongol concubine and empress (d. 1365)
- Catherine of Savoy, Italian noblewoman and ruler (d. 1388)
- Constance of Sicily, Sicilian princess and regent (d. 1355)
- Giovanni Manfredi, Italian nobleman and knight (d. 1373)
- Louis of Durazzo, Italian nobleman and diplomat (d. 1362)
- Tsunenaga, Japanese prince and heir-apparent (d. 1338)
- Vettor Pisani, Venetian nobleman and admiral (d. 1380)[102]
- William I (the Rich), French nobleman and ruler (d. 1391)

1325

May 12 – Rupert II, German nobleman and count palatine (d. 1398)
September 29 – Francesco I da Carrara, Italian nobleman (d. 1393)
date unknown
- Abraham Cresques, Majorcan Jewish cartographer (d. 1387)[103]
- Antonio Pavoni, Italian priest and inquisitor-general (d. 1374)
- Barnim IV of Pomerania, Polish nobleman and ruler (d. 1365)
- Choe Mu-Seon, Korean scientist and military leader (d. 1395)
- Egidiola Gonzaga, Italian noblewoman and heiress (d. 1377)
- Eleanor of Sicily, Sicilian noblewoman and queen (d. 1375)[104]
- Gerhard VI, German nobleman (House of Jülich) (d. 1360)[105]
- Gidō Shūshin, Japanese monk and spiritual teacher (d. 1388)
- Henry of Langenstein, German theologian and writer (d. 1397)
- Inês de Castro, Galician noblewoman and mistress (d. 1355)[106]
- Johanna I, Italian queen-regnant (House of Anjou) (d. 1382)[107]
- Margaret the Barefooted, Italian woman and saint (d. 1395)
- Pandolfo II Malatesta, Italian nobleman and knight (d. 1373)
- Robert Hales, English Lord Treasurer and admiral (d. 1381)[108]
- Stephen of Montfaucon, French nobleman and knight (d. 1397)
- Yongsan, Korean nobleman, prince and heir apparent (d. 1341)
- Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi, Persian scholar, jurist and writer (d. 1403)

1326

March 5 – King Louis I of Hungary (d. 1382)[109]
March 30 – Ivan II of Russia, Grand Duke of Muscovy (d. 1359)[110]
May 1 – Rinchinbal Khan, Emperor Ningzong of Yuan (d. 1332)
May 8 – Joanna I of Auvergne, queen consort of France (d. 1360)
June 29 – Murad I, Ottoman sultan (d. 1389)
date unknown
- Olivier de Clisson (The Butcher), French soldier (d. 1407)
- Robert of Durazzo, Neapolitan nobleman (d. 1356)
- Prince Narinaga, Japanese Shōgun (d. in either 1337 or 1344, the sources are contradictory)
- Imagawa Sadayo, Japanese poet and soldier (d. 1420)
- Isaac ben Sheshet, Spanish Talmudic authority (d. 1408)
probable
- Manuel Kantakouzenos, despot of Morea (d. 1380)
- Seii, King of Chuzan (d. 1349)
- Simeon Uroš, self-proclaimed Emperor of Serbs and Greeks (d. 1370)

1327

June – Malatesta Ungaro, Italian condottiero (d. 1372)
October 30 – Andrew, Duke of Calabria (d. 1345)
date unknown
- Charles de La Cerda, Franco-Spanish soldier (d. 1354)
- Elizabeth le Despenser, Baroness Berkeley, English noble (d. 1389)
- Demetrius I Starshy, Prince of Trubczewsk (d. 1399)
- Birger Gregersson, Archbishop of Uppsala (d. 1383)
- Baldus de Ubaldis, Italian jurist (d. 1400)
probable – William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas, Scottish nobleman (d. 1384)

1328

April 1 – Blanche of France, Duchess of Orléans (d. 1393)
May 7 – Louis VI the Roman, Duke of Bavaria and Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1365)
June 25 – William de Montagu, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, English military leader (d. 1397)
September 29 – Joan of Kent, princess of Wales, spouse of Edward the Black Prince (d. 1385)
October 9 – King Peter I of Cyprus (d. 1369)
October 21 – Hongwu Emperor of China (d. 1398)
November 11 – Roger Mortimer, 2nd Earl of March, English military leader (d. 1360)
November 25 – Antipope Benedict XIII, born Pedro Martínez de Luna (d. 1423)
date unknown
- Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas ("Archibald the Grim", "Black Archibald"), Scottish magnate and warrior (d. 1400)
- Emperor Go-Murakami of Japan (d. 1368)

1329

September 26 – Anne of Bavaria, queen consort of Bohemia (d. 1353)
November 22 – Elisabeth of Meissen, Burgravine consort of Nuremberg (d. 1375)
November 29 – John I, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1340)
date unknown
- Fairuzabadi, Persian Arab lexicographer (d. 1414)
- Prince Lazar of Serbia (d. 1389)
- Philip II, Prince of Taranto (d. 1374)
- Hosokawa Yoriyuki, Japanese samurai (d. 1392)

Deaths

1320

January 12 – John Dalderby, English bishop and chancellor[111]
January 21 – Árni Helgason, Icelandic cleric and bishop (b. 1260)
February 7 – Jan Muskata, Polish bishop and chancellor (b. 1250)
March 1 – Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan, Mongol emperor (b. 1285)
March 21 – Wernher von Homberg, Swiss nobleman and knight[112]
April 13 – Margaret of Castello, Italian nun and teacher (b. 1287)
April 24 – Abu Said Faraj, Nasrid advisor and governor (b. 1248)
May 2 – Joan Butler (Joan FitzGerald), Irish noblewoman (b. 1281)
May 29 – John VIII, Egyptian pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church
June 5 – Peter of Aspelt, German priest, chancellor and archbishop
July 9 – Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah, Indian ruler of the Delhi Sultanate
July 27 – Heinrich von Plötzke, German knight and marshal (b. 1264)
October 12 – Michael IX Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1277)
October 31 – Ricold of Monte Croce, Italian missionary and writer[113]
date unknown
- Alessandro Novello, Italian bishop and inquisitor (b. 1250)
- Anna Palaiologina, Byzantine princess and queen consort
- Antonius Andreas, Spanish monk and theologian (b. 1280)
- Arnaud d'Aux, French bishop and cardinal-bishop (b. 1270)
- Bernard Délicieux, French monk, prior and priest (b. 1260)
- Chosgi Odsir, Mongol monk, translator and writer (b. 1260)
- Dominic II Rátót, Hungarian nobleman, knight and palatine
- Geoffrey of Paris, French monk, chronicler and historian
- Henri de Mondeville, French surgeon and physician
- Henry II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal ("Henry the Child"), 12, ruler of Brandenburg
- Ilbasan , Mongol ruler (House of Borjigin)
- Li Kan (Zhong Bin), Chinese official and painter
- Mojs II Ákos, Hungarian nobleman and rebel leader
- Nicholas de Balscote, English judge and chancellor
- Olivier III de Clisson, Breton nobleman and co-ruler
- Radulphus Brito, French grammarian and philosopher
- Robert de Welles, English nobleman and landowner[114]
- Roger de Mowbray, Scottish nobleman and landowner
- William III, Burgundian nobleman and knight (b. 1280)
- Yasa'ur, Mongol nobleman, prince and general (b. 1289)

1321

January 13 – Bonacossa Borri, Italian noblewoman (b. 1254)
March 18 – Matthew III Csák, Hungarian nobleman and knight
April 9 – (The "Four Martyrs of Thane"):
- Demetrius of Tiflis, Georgian monk and religious leader
- James of Padua, Italian monk, preacher and missionary
- Peter of Siena, Italian monk, preacher and missionary
- Thomas of Tolentino, Italian preacher and missionary
April 17 – Blanche of Portugal, Portuguese princess (b. 1259)
April 22 – Bolesław of Oleśnica, Polish nobleman and co-ruler
April 27 – Nicolò Albertini, Italian friar, cardinal and statesman
May 31 – Birger Magnusson, king of Sweden (House of Bjelbo)
July 1 – María de Molina, queen of Castile and León (b. 1265)
July 23 – Thomas de Berkeley, English nobleman and diplomat
July 31 – Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi, Almohad mathematician
August 18 – Rinaldo da Concorezzo, Italian archbishop (b. 1245)
September 3 – Walter II, Dutch nobleman and co-ruler (b. 1283)
September 14 – Dante Alighieri, Italian poet and writer (b. 1265)[115]
October 29 – Stefan Milutin, Serbian king (b. 1253)[116]
November 9 – Walter Langton, English cleric and bishop (b. 1243)
November 25 – Nicholas Seagrave, English nobleman and knight
November 27 – Kunigunde of Bohemia, Czech princess (b. 1265)
date unknown
- Bonacossa Borri, Italian noblewoman (House of Visconti)
- Edmund Butler, Irish Chief Butler, magnate and politician
- Gregory of Raska, Serbian bishop and translator (b. 1275)
- Grigorije II of Ras, Serbian monk-scribe, bishop and saint
- Guillaume Bélibaste, French preacher and Cathar Perfect[117]
- James of Lausanne, French superior, theologian and writer[118]
- Muhammad ibn Rushayd, Almohad scholar, judge and writer
- Reginald of Burgundy, French nobleman, knight and co-ruler
- Sinka Sebesi, Hungarian nobleman, landowner and co-ruler
- Witte van Haemstede, Dutch nobleman and prince (b. 1281)

1322

January 3 – Philip the Tall, king of France (b. 1293)
January 10 – Petrus Aureolus, French philosopher (b. 1280)
January 12 – Marie of Brabant, queen consort of France (b. 1254)
February 9 – Philip III, German nobleman and co-ruler (b. 1257)
March 16 – Humphrey de Bohun, English nobleman (b. 1276)
March 22 – Thomas of Lancaster, English nobleman (b. 1278)
March 23 – (Battle of Boroughbridge)
- John Mowbray, English nobleman and knight (b. 1286)
- Roger Clifford, English nobleman and knight (b. 1300)
April 8 – Margaret of Bohemia, Bohemian noblewoman (b. 1296)
April 14 – Bartholonew Badlesmere, English nobleman (b. 1275)
April 22
- Francis of Fabriano, Italian priest and writer (b. 1251)
- John II, German nobleman, knight and co-ruler (b. 1275)
June 24 – Matteo I Visconti, Italian nobleman and ruler (b. 1250)
June 26 – Gilbert Peche, English nobleman, knight and seneschal
July 22 – Louis I, French nobleman (House of Dampierre) (b. 1272)
August 10 – John of La Verna, Italian friar and preacher (b. 1259)[119]
August 25 – Beatrice of Silesia, queen consort of Germany (b.1290)
September 7 – Henry the Admirable, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (b. 1267)
September 17 – Robert III, Flemish nobleman and knight (b. 1249)
November 1 – Dagi Khatun, Mongol noblewoman and empress[120]
November 16 – Nasr of Granada, Nasrid prince and ruler (b. 1287)
December 3 – Maud Chaworth, English noblewoman (b. 1282)
date unknown
- Bertha van Heukelom, Dutch noblewoman and heroine
- Fernando de la Cerda, Spanish prince (infante) (b. 1275)
- Hugh I, French nobleman (House of Chalon-Arlay) (b. 1288)
- Hugh of Newcastle, English monk, philosopher and writer[121]
- Jacob van Oudshoorn, Dutch nobleman and prince-bishop
- John of Charolais, French nobleman and knight (b. 1283)[122]
- Lope Díaz de Haro, Spanish nobleman (House of Haro)[123]
- Ma Duanlin, Chinese encyclopaedist and writer (b. 1245)
- Matfre Ermengau, French friar, troubadour and theologian
- Radnashiri, Mongol noblewoman and empress consort[124]
- Rickard de Bermingham, Anglo-Irish nobleman and knight
- Stefan Konstantin, Serbian nobleman and king (b. 1283)
- Theodore Svetoslav, Bulgarian emperor (House of Terter)
- Theoleptos of Philadelphia, Byzantine mystic and bishop[125]
- Thomas de Multon, English nobleman, knight and peerage
- William Inge, English nobleman and Chief Justice (b. 1260)
- Zhao Mengfu, Chinese teacher and calligrapher (b. 1254)

1323

January 18 – Catherine of Austria, German noblewoman (b. 1295)
March 3 – Andrew Harclay, English nobleman and knight (b. 1270)
March 25 – Mary of Hungary, Hungarian princess and queen (b. 1257)
April 13 – Joan of Lusignan, French noblewoman and ruler (b. 1260)
June 11 – Berengar Fredol (the Elder), French cardinal and writer[126]
June 19 – Mechthild of Nassau, German noblewoman and princess
July 14 – Ralph Greystoke, English nobleman and knight (b. 1299)[127]
August 2 – Hōjō Nobutoki, Japanese nobleman and regent (b. 1238)
August 3 – Augustin Kažotić, Croatian prelate and bishop (b. 1260)
September 4 – Gegeen Khan (or Yingzong), Mongol ruler (b. 1302)
September 22 – Kosmas the Zographite, Bulgarian monk and saint
October 11 – Henry II (the Younger), German nobleman (b. 1292)
October 16 – Amadeus V, Savoyan nobleman and regent (b. 1252)
October 28 – John Grey, English nobleman, knight and politician[128]
November 16 – Frederick I (the Brave), German nobleman (b. 1257)
date unknown
- Benvenuto Campesani, Italian poet, notary and writer (b. 1250)
- Bernhard II, German nobleman and prince (House of Ascania)
- Blanche of France, French princess (House of Capet) (b. 1253)
- Enrique Enríquez (the Elder), Castilian nobleman (b. 1246)[129]
- George II, Bulgarian nobleman and co-ruler (House of Terter)
- Gerhard IV, German nobleman, knight and co-ruler (b. 1277)
- Giorgi I, Georgian nobleman and co-ruler (House of Dadiani)
- Gong of Song, Chinese emperor (House of Zhao) (b. 1271)[130]
- Guy Ferre (the Younger), English nobleman and seneschal
- Henry III, German nobleman and co-ruler (House of Gorizia)
- Hervaeus Natalis, French scholar and theologian (b. 1260)[131]
- Ibn Adjurrum, Moroccan scholar and grammarian (b. 1273)[132]
- Ibn al-Fuwati, Persian librarian, historian and writer (b. 1244)
- Isabella of Burgundy, queen consort of Germany (b. 1270)[133]
- Joan of Taranto, queen consort of Cilician Armenia (b. 1297)
- John of Monmouth, English bishop and chancellor (b. 1270)
- Maria dalle Carceri, Italian noblewoman (House of Cornaro)
- Nicholas Orsini, Italian nobleman, count palatine and ruler[134]
- Niklot I (or Nicolas), German nobleman and ruler (b. 1250)
- Nisshō, Japanese Buddhist disciple and teacher (b. 1221)
- Zhongfeng Mingben, Chinese Buddhist master (b. 1263)[135]

1324

January 8 – Marco Polo, Italian merchant and explorer (b. 1254)
January 23 – Fulk le Strange, English nobleman and seneschal
February 11 – Karl von Trier, German knight and Grand Master
February 26 – Dino Compagni, Italian politician and historian
March 26 – Marie of Luxembourg, queen of France (b. 1304)
May 15 – Władysław of Oświęcim, Polish nobleman and ruler
June 23 – Aymer de Valence, English nobleman and knight[136]
July 16 – Go-Uda (or Yohito), emperor of Japan (b. 1267)[137]
August 31 – Henry II of Cyprus, king of Jerusalem (b. 1270)[138]
November 1 – John de Halton (or Halghton), English bishop
November 3 – Petronilla de Meath, Irish maidservant (b. 1300)
November 11 – Henry VII (or VI), German nobleman and ruler
November 25 – John Botetourt, English governor and admiral
December 24 – John III, Dutch nobleman and knight (b. 1275)
date unknown
- Domarat Grzymała, Polish bishop (House of Grzymała)
- Guecellone VII, Italian nobleman (House of Da Camino)
- Hedwig of Holstein, queen consort of Sweden (b. 1260)
- Irene of Brunswick, Byzantine empress consort (b. 1293)
- Isabella of Ibelin, queen of Cyprus and Jerusalem (b. 1241)
- Jacopo I (the Great), Italian nobleman and military leader[139]
- John II, German nobleman and knight (House of Sponheim)
- Konoe Iehira, Japanese nobleman (Fujiwara Clan) (b. 1282)
- Lampert Hermán, Hungarian nobleman and judge royal[140]
- Nijō Tamefuji, Japanese courtier, poet and writer (b. 1275)
- Osman I (or Othman), Ottoman ruler (House of Osman)[141]
- Ou Shizi, Chinese Confucian scholar and writer (b. 1234)
- Robert Scales, English nobleman, peerage and politician
- Sancho I (the Peaceful), king of Majorca (b. 1274)[142][143]
- Thawun Nge, Burmese nobleman and governor (b. 1260)
- William Liath de Burgh, Irish nobleman and politician[144]

1325

January 7 – Denis I (the Poet King), king of Portugal (b. 1261)[145]
January 20 – John Hastings, English nobleman and ruler (b. 1287)
March 12 – Eric II, German nobleman (House of Estridsen) (b. 1290)
March 17 – Gérard de Vuippens, Italian cleric, diplomat and bishop
March 20 – William Ferrers, English nobleman and knight (b. 1272)
April 3 – Nizamuddin Auliya (or Awliya), Indian scholar (b. 1238)[146]
April 5 – Ralph de Monthermer, English nobleman and peerage[147]
June 5 – Eberhard I (the Illustrious), German nobleman (b. 1265)
June 23 – Chungseon (or Wang Jang), Korean prince (b. 1275)[148]
July 6 – John Salmon, English cleric, Lord Chancellor and bishop[149]
July 8 – Ismail I, Nasrid ruler of the Emirate of Granada (b. 1279)[150]
September 1 – John Segrave, English nobleman and seneschal[151]
September 29 – Keizan Jōkin, Japanese Zen Master (b. 1268)[152]
November 7 – Ichijō Uchitsune, Japanese court noble (b. 1291)
November 21 – Yuri III Danilovich, Russian Grand Prince (b. 1281)
December 16 – Charles of Valois, French nobleman (b. 1270)[153][154]
December 28 – Al-Allama al-Hilli, Persian theologian (b. 1250)
date unknown
- Alice de Toeni, English noblewoman and heiress (b. 1284)
- Amir Khusrau, Indian musician, poet and scholar (b. 1253)
- Baybars al-Mansuri, Mamluk historian and writer (b. 1245)
- Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq, Indian ruler of the Delhi Sultanate
- Hugh de Audley, English nobleman and knight (b. 1276)
- Joguk (or Borjigin Jintong), queen of Goryeo (b. 1308)
- Nasir al-Din Shahriyar, Baduspanid nobleman and ruler[155]
- Nikodim I, Serbian monk-scribe, bishop and archbishop[156]
- Pierre Le Tessier, French monk, abbot and cardinal-priest
- Regnaud de La Porte, French cardinal-priest and bishop[157]
- Richard Willoughby, English landowner, lawyer and judge[158]
- Robert de Umfavile, English nobleman and knight (b. 1277)
- Stefan Vladislav II, Serbian nobleman and claimant (b. 1280)
- Thomas de Dundee, Scottish chaplain, prelate and bishop[159]
- Vitslav III, Danish nobleman and prince (House of Wizlaw)
- William de Meones, English cleric, judge and Chief Baron

1326

January 18 – Robert FitzWalter, 1st Baron FitzWalter, English baron (b. 1247)
February 28 – Leopold I, Duke of Austria (b. 1290)
March 26 – Alessandra Giliani, Italian anatomist (b. c. 1307)
April 29 – Blanche of Burgundy, former queen consort of France (b. c. 1296)
May 31 – Maurice de Berkeley, 2nd Baron Berkeley, English rebel baron (b. 1271)
July 29 – Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster (b. 1259)
October 15 – Walter de Stapledon, English bishop (b. 1261)
October 27 – Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester (executed; b. 1262)
November 17 – Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel, English politician (b. 1285)
November 25 – Prince Koreyasu, Japanese shōgun (b. 1264)
November 24 – Hugh the younger Despenser, English knight (executed; b. 1286)
December 20 – Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow
December 28 – Sir David II Strathbogie, Earl of Atholl, Constable of Scotland, and Chief Warden of Northumberland
date unknown
- Mondino de Liuzzi, Italian anatomist (born c. 1270)
- Osman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1258)
- John Palaiologos, Byzantine nobleman (b. 1288 or 1289)
- Ser Petracco, notary public of the Republic of Florence, father of Petrarch (b. 1267)

1327

January 16 – Nikephoros Choumnos, Byzantine scholar and statesman (b. 1250 or 1255)
January 29 – Adolf, Count Palatine of the Rhine (b. 1300)
March 15 – Albert of Schwarzburg, German grand preceptor of the Knights Hospitaller
April 9 – Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland (b. 1293)
May 28 – Robert Baldock, Lord Privy Seal and Lord Chancellor of England
May 29 – Jens Grand, Danish archbishop (b. c. 1260)
July 4 – Stefano Visconti, Milanese nobleman
August 25 – Demasq Kaja, Ilkhanate member of the Chobanid Family
September 1 – Foulques de Villaret, French Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller
September 21 – King Edward II of England (murdered; b. 1284)[160]
September 26 – Cecco d'Ascoli, Italian encyclopaedist, physician and poet (b. 1257)
October 20 – Teresa d'Entença, Countess of Urgell (b. 1300)
October 27 – Elizabeth de Burgh, queen of Robert the Bruce[161]
November – Chupan, Chobanid prince of the Ilkhanate
November 2 or November 5 – King James II of Aragon (b. 1267)
December 19 – Agnes of France, Duchess of Burgundy
date unknown
- Thomas Cobham, Bishop of Worcester
- Constantine I of Imereti
- David of Hrodna, Lithuanian military leader
- Vital du Four, French theologian (b. 1260)
- Walter Reynolds, Archbishop of Canterbury
- Sir Richard de Exeter, Anglo-Irish knight
probable – Bartholomew of Lucca, Italian historian

1328

February 1 – King Charles IV of France (b. 1294)[162]
August 15 – Yesün Temür, emperor of the Yuan dynasty (b. 1293)
August 23 – Nicolaas Zannekin, Flemish peasant leader (in the battle of Cassel)[163]
September 26 – Ibn Taymiyyah, Islamic scholar and philosopher of Harran (b. 1263)[164]
October 12 (or 13) – Clementia of Hungary, Queen consort of France and Navarre (b. 1293)[165]
November 16 – Prince Hisaaki, Japanese shōgun (b. 1276)
date unknown
- Meister Eckhart, German theologian (b. 1260)
- Andronikos Angelos Palaiologos, Byzantine nobleman and governor (b. ca. 1282)

1329

January 17 – Saint Roseline, Carthusian nun (b. 1263)
April 21 – Frederick IV, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1282)
May 9 – John Drokensford, Bishop of Bath and Wells
May 31 – Albertino Mussato, Italian statesman and writer (b. 1261)
June 7 – Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland (b. 1274)
August 30 – Khutughtu Khan, Emperor Mingzong of Yuan, emperor of the Yuan dynasty and the Mongol Empire (b. 1300)
October 27 – Mahaut, Countess of Artois (b. 1268)
date unknown
- Walter Herok, Bishop of Aberdeen
- Michael of Imereti
- Oshin of Korikos, regent of Armenia (assassinated)
- Edward, Count of Savoy (b. 1284)
- Maol Íosa IV, Earl of Strathearn

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