1586

1586 (MDLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1586th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 586th year of the 2nd millennium, the 86th year of the 16th century, and the 7th year of the 1580s decade. As of the start of 1586, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
September 22: Battle of Zutphen
1586 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1586
MDLXXXVI
Ab urbe condita2339
Armenian calendar1035
ԹՎ ՌԼԵ
Assyrian calendar6336
Balinese saka calendar1507–1508
Bengali calendar993
Berber calendar2536
English Regnal year28 Eliz. 1  29 Eliz. 1
Buddhist calendar2130
Burmese calendar948
Byzantine calendar7094–7095
Chinese calendar乙酉年 (Wood Rooster)
4283 or 4076
     to 
丙戌年 (Fire Dog)
4284 or 4077
Coptic calendar1302–1303
Discordian calendar2752
Ethiopian calendar1578–1579
Hebrew calendar5346–5347
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1642–1643
 - Shaka Samvat1507–1508
 - Kali Yuga4686–4687
Holocene calendar11586
Igbo calendar586–587
Iranian calendar964–965
Islamic calendar994–995
Japanese calendarTenshō 14
(天正14年)
Javanese calendar1505–1506
Julian calendarGregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar3919
Minguo calendar326 before ROC
民前326年
Nanakshahi calendar118
Thai solar calendar2128–2129
Tibetan calendar阴木鸡年
(female Wood-Rooster)
1712 or 1331 or 559
     to 
阳火狗年
(male Fire-Dog)
1713 or 1332 or 560

January March

  • January 3 Augustus of Wettin, the Elector of Saxony, marries Agnes Hedwig of Anhalt, the 12-year-old daughter of Joachim Ernest, Prince of Anhalt. Augustus dies less than six weeks later.[1]
  • January 18 The 7.9 magnitude Tenshō earthquake strikes the Chubu region of Japan, triggering a tsunami and causing at least 8,000 deaths.[2]
  • February 11
  • February 14 In India, Yakub Shah Chak becomes the new Sultan of Kashmir after the death of his father, the Sultan Yousuf Shah.[3]
  • February 16 In what is now Buner District, Pakistan, Kalu Khan leads his Yousafzai-Afghan Lashkar to defeat Raja Birbal's Mughal Army at the Karakar Pass in the Afghan-Mughal War, annihilating them by the 10s of thousands and inflicting one of the greatest defeats in Mughal History to Emperor Akbar The Great.[4]
  • February 23 The Scottish crown jewels, recovered for King James VI by William Stewart of Caverston, are formally returned to the royal treasurer, Lord Melville. The jewels include a square gold pendant, inlaid with a large diamond and a ruby and several other diamonds, the "Great H of Scotland".[5]
  • March 3 Battle of Werl in the Duchy of Westphalia (Germany): Claude de Berlaymont and a large force of 4,000 troops attempt to capture Maarten Schenck van Nydeggen, who had plundered the territory of Vest Recklinghausen within the Electorate of Cologne. Schenk and his men are able to escape after five days.[6]
  • March 12 Greek-born Spanish artist Domḗnikos Theotokópoulos, known better as El Greco, is commissioned to paint his most famous work, The Burial of the Count of Orgaz, which he finishes in early 1588.[7]
  • March 18 The Black Assize of Exeter begins in England as infected prisoners go on trial and an epidemic of typhus spreads quickly through the courtrooms above Exeter Prison.[8] The disease is quickly transmitted from body lice on inmates who had been incarcerated in unsanitary conditions. In addition to prisoners who died from the disease, typhus claims the life of eight judges and 11 of the 12 jurors. Author Alexander Jenkins writes later, "A noisome and pestilential smell came from the prisoners who were arraigned at the crown bar which so affected the people present that many were seized with a violent sickness which proved mortal to the greatest part of them."[9]
  • March 25 Forty Martyrs of England and Wales: The most infamous case in England of a torture and execution by Peine forte et dure— slowly piling heavy stones upon a prisoner until they make a plea or die — is carried out against Margaret Clitherow of York after she refuses to enter a plea on charges of harboring Roman Catholic priests. She will be canonized as a Catholic saint in 1970 by Pope Paul VI.

April June

  • April 12 Francis Drake and the English conquerors depart Cartagena after having looted the city and being paid a ransom of 250,000 Spanish pesos by the New Granadan Governor, Don Pedro Fernández.
  • May 27 English privateers, commanded by Sir Francis Drake, carry out a raid on the Spanish settlement of St. Augustine, Florida.[10]
  • June 7 Anglo-Spanish War: The Siege of Grave in the Netherlands, by Spanish General Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort, ends with the surrender of the garrison after a siege of four months.[11]

July September

October December

Date unknown

Births

Duchess Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia
  • January 1 Pau Claris i Casademunt, Catalan ecclesiastic (d. 1641)
  • January 20 Johann Hermann Schein, German composer of the early Baroque era (d. 1630)[19]
  • January 29 Louis Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Montbéliard (1617–1631) (d. 1631)
  • February 8 Jacob Praetorius, German Baroque composer and organist (d. 1651)
  • February 15 Jacques de Bela, French writer (d. 1667)
  • February 20 Hachisuka Yoshishige, Japanese daimyō of the Edo period (d. 1620)
  • February 24 Matthias Faber, German Jesuit priest, writer (d. 1653)
  • February 26 Niccolò Cabeo, Italian Jesuit writer, theologian (d. 1657)
  • March 12 Jean Dolbeau, French missionary (d. 1652)
  • March 28 Domenico Massenzio, Italian baroque composer (d. 1657)
  • March 29 Ludwig Crocius, German Calvinist minister (d. 1653)
  • April 2 Pietro Della Valle, Italian composer (d. 1652)
  • April 4 Richard Saltonstall, English diplomat (d. 1661)
  • April 5 Christopher Levett, English explorer (d. 1630)
  • April 9 Julius Henry, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (d. 1665)
  • April 12 (bapt.) John Ford, English dramatist and poet (d. c. 1639)
  • April 20 Saint Rose of Lima, Spanish colonist in Lima (d. 1617)
  • April 23 Martin Rinkart, German clergyman and hymnist (d. 1649)
  • April 24 Henry Hastings, 5th Earl of Huntingdon, English noble (d. 1643)
  • May 2 Étienne de Courcelles, French scholar (d. 1659)
  • May 7 Francesco IV Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat (d. 1612)
  • May 9 Tsugaru Nobuhira, Japanese daimyō (d. 1631)
  • May 11 Angelo Giori, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1662)
  • May 23 Paul Siefert, German composer and organist (d. 1666)
  • June 24 George John II, Count Palatine of Lützelstein-Guttenberg, German noble (d. 1654)
  • July 1 Claudio Saracini, Italian composer (d. 1630)
  • July 5 Thomas Hooker, prominent Puritan colonial leader (d. 1647)
  • July 6 Thomas Trevor, English politician and judge (d. 1656)
  • July 7 Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, English courtier (d. 1646)
  • July 26 Diego de Colmenares, Spanish historian (d. 1651)
  • August 14 William Hutchinson, founder of Rhode Island (d. 1642)
  • August 17 Johann Valentin Andrea, German theologian (d. 1654)
  • September 15 Antoon Sanders, Dutch priest, historian (d. 1664)
  • September 29 William Lytton, English Member of Parliament (d. 1660)
  • October 7 Isaac Massa, Dutch diplomat (d. 1643)
  • October 9 Leopold V, Archduke of Austria, regent of Tyrol (d. 1632)[20]
  • October 20 Luke Foxe, English explorer (d. 1635)
  • October 28 Francis West, Deputy Governor of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia (d. 1634)
  • November 20 Polykarp Leyser II, German theologian (d. 1633)
  • November 22 Walter Erle, English politician (d. 1665)
  • November 23 Juan Bautista de Lezana, Spanish theologian (d. 1659)
  • November 27 Sir John Wray, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1655)
  • November 28 Sir Thomas Bowyer, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1650)
  • December 6 Niccolò Zucchi, Italian astronomer and physicist (d. 1670)
  • December 14 Georg Calixtus, German Lutheran theologian who looked to reconcile all Christendom (d. 1656)
  • December 31 Duchess Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia, Electress of Saxony (d. 1659)
  • date unknown John Mason, English explorer (d. 1635)
  • date unknown Kocc Barma Fall, Senegambian philosopher (d. 1655)[21][22]
  • probable

Deaths

Prince Masahito

References

  1. "Augustus I", Encyclopædia Britannica (1911). Vol. 2
  2. Yamamura, Norika; Kano, Yasuyuki (2020). "1586年天正地震の震源断層推定の試み: 液状化履歴地点における液状化可能性の検討から" [Source Fault Estimation of the 1586 Tensho Earthquake by Evaluating the Possibility of Liquefaction]. Zisin (Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan). Second Series (in Japanese). 73. Seismological Society of Japan: 97–110. doi:10.4294/zisin.2019-7. S2CID 229523816.
  3. Haidar Malik Chadurah, History of Kashmir (Jaykay Books, 2013) p.185
  4. Jadunath Sarkar and Raghubir Sinh, A History of Jaipur, c. 1503-1938 (Orient Longman, 1984), pp. 68-69
  5. Thomas Thomson, A Collection of Inventories and Other Records of the Royal Wardrobe and Jewelhouse (Edinburgh, 1815), pp. 316-320
  6. Johann Heinrich Hennes, Der Kampf um das Erzstift Köln zur Zeit der Kurfürsten (1878), pp. 156–162
  7. Mauricia Tazartes, El Greco (Explorer Press, 2005) p.49
  8. "Exeter Typhus Epidemic of 1586", in Encyclopedia of Plague and Pestilence: From Ancient Times to the Present, 2008, by George C. Kohn (Facts on File, 2007) p.122
  9. Alexander Jenkins, Civil and Ecclesiastical History of the City of Exeter and its Environs (Exeter, 1841) p. 125
  10. Angus Konstam, The Great Expedition: Sir Francis Drake on the Spanish Main - 1585-86 (Osprey, 2011) p.66-70
  11. Graham Darby, The Origins and Development of the Dutch Revolt (Routledge, 2001) p.190
  12. Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  13. Grun, Bernard (1991). The Timetables of History (3rd ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-74919-6.
  14. John Sugden, Sir Francis Drake (Pimlico Press, 2006) pp. 189-190
  15. Peter Hamish Wilson, The Thirty Years War: Europe's Tragedy (Penguin Group, 2009) p.210
  16. Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  17. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. Society. 1971. p. 423.
  18. Hmannan Yazawin, p. 84 (2003)
  19. L. C. Harnsberger (May 3, 2005). Essential Dictionary of Music: The Most Practical and Useful Music Dictionary for Students and Professionals. Alfred Music. p. 248. ISBN 978-1-4574-1069-7.
  20. Franz Daxecker (2004). The Physicist and Astronomer Christopher Scheiner: Biography, Letters, Works. Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck. p. 15. ISBN 978-3-901249-69-3.
  21. Diagne, Léon Sobel, « Le problème de la philosophie africaine » (2004), p. 10 (archived by French Wikipedia)
  22. Kocc Barma Fall disait… [in] Au Senegal (26 Sep 2013)
  23. Mary Sidney Pembroke (comtesse de).); Mary Sidney Herbert Countess of Pembroke; Mary Sidney Herbert (1998). The Collected Works of Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke: Poems, translations, and correspondence. Clarendon Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-19-811280-8.
  24. Donna B. Hamilton (January 1, 1992). Shakespeare and the Politics of Protestant England. University Press of Kentucky. p. 24. ISBN 0-8131-1790-9.
  25. Tomasz M. M. Czepiel (1996). Music at the Royal Court and Chapel in Poland, C.1543-1600. Garland. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-8153-2237-5.
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