Portal:Oceans

The Oceans Portal
A portal dedicated to oceans, seas, oceanography and related topics

Selected panorama

– Hover over image and scroll to middle for controls to see more selected panorama images –

A view of the South China Sea, Bacuit Archipelago, municipality of El Nido, Palawan, Philippines
Icebergs broken off from glaciers in northern Baffin Bay, Cape York, Greenland
A sea anemone in the Pacific Ocean, Baja California, Mexico
Clouds over the Southern Ocean, with continent labels
Satellite view of the Pacific Ocean and the main windward Hawaiian Islands
A surfer in the Pacific Ocean at the 2010 Mavericks competition, village of Princeton-by-the-Sea, northern California
Caesio teres in the South Pacific Ocean in Fiji
A view of Filfla and the Mediterranean Sea. Filfla is a small, mostly barren, uninhabited islet 4.5 kilometres (2.8 miles) south of Malta.
Orca (Orcinus orca) hunting a Weddell seal in the Southern Ocean
A view of Myrtos Beach and the Ionian Sea, Cephalonia, Ionian Islands, Greece
A mother sperm whale and her calf in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Mauritius
A panorama of Zanzibar, Tanzania, particularly the Stone Town, taken from the Indian Ocean
A view of the Southern Ocean from Great Ocean Road, Port Campbell, Princetown, Victoria, Australia

Introduction

The ocean (also known as the sea or the world ocean) is a body of salt water that covers approximately 70.8% of the Earth and contains 97% of Earth's water. An ocean can also refer to any of the large bodies of water into which the world ocean is conventionally divided. Distinct names are used to identify five different areas of the ocean: Pacific (the largest), Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic (the smallest). Seawater covers approximately 361,000,000 km² (139,000,000 sq mi) of the planet. The ocean is the primary component of the Earth's hydrosphere, and thus essential to life on Earth. The ocean influences climate and weather patterns, the carbon cycle, and the water cycle by acting as a huge heat reservoir. (Full article...)

Waves in Pacifica, California

A sea is a large body of salty water. There are particular seas and the sea. The sea commonly refers to the ocean, the wider body of seawater. Particular seas are either marginal seas, second-order sections of the oceanic sea (e.g. the Mediterranean Sea), or certain large, nearly landlocked, saltwater lakes (e.g. the Caspian Sea). (Full article...)

Oceanography (from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós) 'ocean', and γραφή (graphḗ) 'writing'), also known as oceanology and ocean science, is the scientific study of the oceans. It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics, including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and the geology of the sea floor; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries. These diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers utilize to glean further knowledge of the world ocean, including astronomy, biology, chemistry, climatology, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology and physics. Paleoceanography studies the history of the oceans in the geologic past. An oceanographer is a person who studies many matters concerned with oceans, including marine geology, physics, chemistry and biology. (Full article...)

Read more about oceans...
Read more about the sea...
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Selected article -

The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden and the North and Central European Plain.

The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 10°E to 30°E longitude. It is a shelf sea and marginal sea of the Atlantic with limited water exchange between the two, making it an inland sea. The Baltic Sea drains through the Danish Straits into the Kattegat by way of the Øresund, Great Belt and Little Belt. It includes the Gulf of Bothnia, the Bay of Bothnia, the Gulf of Finland, the Gulf of Riga and the Bay of Gdańsk. (Full article...)

List of selected articles

Interesting facts -

Croatian oceanographer Mira Zore-Armanda had difficulty gaining passage on research vessels because she was a woman.

The Swedish American Line was the first transatlantic shipping company to operate a diesel-engined ocean liner.

American actress Susan Oliver, after surviving a plane crash that almost ended her life, became the first woman to fly a single-engined aircraft solo from New York City across the Atlantic Ocean.

Selected list articles and Marine habitat topics

Tasks

edit tasks

Here are some tasks awaiting attention:

Article requests : List of oceanographers, create a comprehensive article on Concentrations of marine debris out of all the gyre and "garbage patch" articles
Expand : Coral Sea, Endeavour Strait, Greenland Sea, Solomon Sea
Photo : find images for Category:Wikipedia requested photographs in the oceans
Stubs : Oceanography stub articles, Marine geography stub articles, Aleutian Trench, Bellingshausen Sea, Caernarfon Bay, Gerlache Strait, Gulf of Oman, Iceland Sea
Update : Botany Bay, Wilkins Sound, Mariana Trench, Challenger Deep
Verify : Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Bering Sea, Gulf of Aden, Iceberg B-15, Ionian Sea, Japan Trench, Moreton Bay, Sound (geography), Timor Sea
Other : add ISBNs and remove excessive or inappropriate external links from Aral Sea; check La Belle (ship) for GA status; improve citations or footnotes and remove excessive or inappropriate external links from MS Estonia

General images -

The following are images from various ocean-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1A map of Australia's official interpretation of the names and limits of oceans and seas around Australia (from Southern Ocean)
Image 2Coral reefs of the Maldives (from Indian Ocean)
Image 3Decrease of old Arctic Sea ice 1982–2007 (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 4False color map of ocean depth in the Atlantic basin (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 5Regional Working Group zones for SOOS (from Southern Ocean)
Image 6Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) are the most southerly of Antarctic mammals. (from Southern Ocean)
Image 7Severe cracks in an ice pier in use for four seasons at McMurdo Station slowed cargo operations in 1983 and proved a safety hazard. (from Southern Ocean)
Image 8The Arctic region showing the Northeast Passage, the Northern Sea Route within it, and the Northwest Passage. (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 9Iceberg A22A in the South Atlantic Ocean (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 10"Southern Ocean" as alternative to the Aethiopian Ocean, 18th century (from Southern Ocean)
Image 11Capture of Atlantic north-west cod in million tons (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 12Path of the thermohaline circulation. Purple paths represent deep-water currents, while blue paths represent surface currents.
Image 13The three major cultural areas of the Pacific Ocean islands: Micronesia, Melanesia and Polynesia (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 14Embarked and disembarked slaves in the Atlantic slave trade 1525–1863 (first and last slave voyages) (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 15
Upwelling in the Southern Ocean
(from Southern Ocean)
Image 16Map of the Pacific Ocean during European Exploration, circa 1702–1707 (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 17Location of the Southern Ocean gyres (from Southern Ocean)
Image 181937 delineation (from Southern Ocean)
Image 19Pacific Ocean currents have created three islands of debris. (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 20A bathymetric/topographic map of the Arctic Ocean and the surrounding lands. (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 21The 1564 Typus Orbis Terrarum, a map by Abraham Ortelius, showed the imagined link between the proposed continent of Antarctica and South America. (from Southern Ocean)
Image 22The Arctic Ocean, with borders as delineated by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), including Hudson Bay (some of which is south of 57°N latitude, off the map) and all other marginal seas. (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 231928 delineation (from Southern Ocean)
Image 24According to the Coastal hypothesis, modern humans spread from Africa along the northern rim of the Indian Ocean. (from Indian Ocean)
Image 25Model of a Fijian drua, an example of an Austronesian vessel with a double-canoe (catamaran) hull and a crab claw sail (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 26Madagascar's Elephant bird, Mauritius's Dodo bird and ostrich (from left to right) (from Indian Ocean)
Image 27As the Gulf Stream meanders across the North Atlantic from the North American east coast to Western Europe its temperature drops by 20 °C (36 °F).
Image 28Major ocean trade routes in the world include the northern Indian Ocean. (from Indian Ocean)
Image 29Banks of the North-East Atlantic (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 30Area inside the black line indicates the area constituting the Pacific Ocean prior to 2002; darker blue areas are its informal current borders following the recreation of the Southern Ocean and the reinclusion of marginal seas. (from Southern Ocean)
Image 31On the sea ice of the Arctic Ocean temporary logistic stations may be installed, Here, a Twin Otter is refueled on the pack ice at 86°N, 76°43‘W. (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 32Thule archaeological site (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 33Abel Aubert du Petit-Thouars taking over Tahiti on 9 September 1842 (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 34Fish of the Notothenioidei suborder, such as this young icefish, are mostly restricted to the Antarctic and Subantarctic. (from Southern Ocean)
Image 35Picture of the Pacific Ocean, taken from space by the Apollo 11 crew in July 1969 (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 36The bathyscaphe Trieste before her record dive to the bottom of the Mariana Trench, 23 January 1960 (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 37The Aethiopian Ocean in a 1710 French map of Africa (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 38Marine debris on a Hawaiian coast in 2008 (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 39Famous official portrait of Captain James Cook who proved that waters encompassed the southern latitudes of the globe. "He holds his own chart of the Southern Ocean on the table and his right hand points to the east coast of Australia on it." (from Southern Ocean)
Image 40Map of the Pacific Ocean during European Exploration, circa 1754. (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 41An adult and sub-adult Minke whale are dragged aboard the Japanese whaling vessel Nisshin Maru. (from Southern Ocean)
Image 42Sunset over the Pacific Ocean as seen from the International Space Station. Tops of thunderclouds are also visible. (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 43Sunset in Monterey County, California, U.S. (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 44Excavation of the Ertebølle middens in 1880 (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 451911 South Polar Regions exploration map (from Southern Ocean)
Image 46Impact of El Niño and La Niña on North America (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 47The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is the strongest current system in the world oceans, linking the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific basins. (from Southern Ocean)
Image 48Air pollution in South Asia spread over the Bay of Bengal and beyond. (from Indian Ocean)
Image 49Greco-Roman trade with ancient India according to the Periplus Maris Erythraei 1st century CE (from Indian Ocean)
Image 50In the subpolar gyre of the North Atlantic warm subtropical waters are transformed into colder subpolar and polar waters. In the Labrador Sea this water flows back to the subtropical gyre. (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 51Orca (Orcinus orca) hunting a Weddell seal in the Southern Ocean (from Southern Ocean)
Image 52Frank Hurley: As time wore on it became more and more evident that the ship was doomed (Endurance trapped in pack ice), National Library of Australia. (from Southern Ocean)
Image 53An iceberg being pushed out of a shipping lane by (L to R) USS Burton Island, USS Atka, and USS Glacier near McMurdo Station, Antarctica, 1965 (from Southern Ocean)
Image 54Banks of the North-West Atlantic (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 55Tarawa Atoll in Kiribati (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 56An unnamed Chagossian on Diego Garcia in 1971 shortly before the British expelled the islanders when the island became a U.S. military base. The man spoke a French-based creole language and his ancestors were most likely brought to the uninhabited island as slaves in the 19th century. (from Indian Ocean)
Image 57Waves in the trade winds in the Atlantic Ocean—areas of converging winds that move along the same track as the prevailing wind—create instabilities in the atmosphere that may lead to the formation of hurricanes.
Image 58USS Vincennes at Disappointment Bay, Antarctica in early 1840 (from Southern Ocean)
Image 59Minke whale (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 60Mount St. Helens in Skamania County, Washington, U.S. in 2020 (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 61The Atlantic Gyres influenced the Portuguese discoveries and trading port routes, here shown in the India Run ("Carreira da Índia"), which would be developed in subsequent years. (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 62For most of the 16th century, the Portuguese dominated the Indian Ocean trade. (from Indian Ocean)
Image 63The International Hydrographic Organization's delineation of the "Southern Ocean" has moved steadily southwards since the original 1928 edition of its Limits of Oceans and Seas. (from Southern Ocean)
Image 64Density structure of the upper 1,200 m (3,900 ft) in the Arctic Ocean. Profiles of temperature and salinity for the Amundsen Basin, the Canadian Basin and the Greenland Sea are sketched. (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 65The island geography of the Pacific Ocean Basin (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 66A female warty squid (Moroteuthis ingens) (from Southern Ocean)
Image 67A general delineation of the Antarctic Convergence, sometimes used by scientists as the demarcation of the Southern Ocean (from Southern Ocean)
Image 68A stratovolcano in Ulawun on the island of New Britain in Papua New Guinea (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 69Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are a keystone species of the food web. (from Southern Ocean)
Image 70Seas that are parts of the Southern Ocean (from Southern Ocean)
Image 71James Weddell's second expedition in 1823, depicting the brig Jane and the cutter Beaufroy (from Southern Ocean)
Image 72Aldabra giant tortoise from the islands of the Aldabra Atoll in the Seychelles (from Indian Ocean)
Image 73"Terres Australes" [sic] label without any charted landmass (from Southern Ocean)
Image 74Malé's population has increased from 20,000 people in 1987 to more than 220,000 people in 2020. (from Indian Ocean)
Image 75Mombasa Port on Kenya's Indian Ocean coast (from Indian Ocean)
Image 76Distribution of the major water mass in the Arctic Ocean. The section sketches the different water masses along a vertical section from Bering Strait over the geographic North Pole to Fram Strait. As the stratification is stable, deeper water masses are denser than the layers above. (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 77Manganese nodule (from Southern Ocean)
Image 78Continents and islands of the Southern Ocean (from Southern Ocean)
Image 79Bahama Banks (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 80A Ring of Fire; the Pacific is ringed by many volcanoes and oceanic trenches. (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 81The Kennedy Channel. (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 82Cod fishery in Norway (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 83MS Explorer in Antarctica in January 1999. She sank on 23 November 2007 after hitting an iceberg. (from Southern Ocean)
Image 84In 2020, Japanese Prime Minister Suga declined to drink the bottle of Fukushima's treated radioactive water that he was holding, which would otherwise be discharged to the Pacific. (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 85A wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) on South Georgia (from Southern Ocean)
Image 86Map showing the migration of the Austronesian peoples (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 87Walruses on Arctic ice floe (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 88Sea cover in the Arctic Ocean, showing the median, 2005 and 2007 coverage (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 89During summer, warm continental masses draw moist air from the Indian Ocean hence producing heavy rainfall. The process is reversed during winter, resulting in dry conditions. (from Indian Ocean)
Image 90The Austronesian maritime trade network was the first trade routes in the Indian Ocean. (from Indian Ocean)
Image 91Made in 1529, the Diogo Ribeiro map was the first to show the Pacific at about its proper size (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 92A copepod (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 93Admiral von Bellingshausen (from Southern Ocean)
Image 94Based on the medieval Íslendingasögur sagas, including the Grœnlendinga saga, this interpretative map of the "Norse World" shows that Norse knowledge of the Americas and the Atlantic remained limited. (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 95An exclusive economic zone map of the Pacific which excludes non-tropical islands. (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 96The economically important Silk Road was blocked from Europe by the Ottoman Empire in c. 1453 with the fall of the Byzantine Empire. This spurred exploration, and a new sea route around Africa was found, triggering the Age of Discovery. (from Indian Ocean)
Image 97Three polar bears approach USS Honolulu near the North Pole. (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 98Maris Pacifici by Ortelius (1589). One of the first printed maps to show the Pacific Ocean (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 99The Antarctic Ocean, as delineated by the draft 4th edition of the International Hydrographic Organization's Limits of Oceans and Seas (2002) (from Southern Ocean)
Image 100Marine debris strewn over the beaches of the South Atlantic Inaccessible Island (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 101Emanuel Bowen's 1780s map of the Arctic features a "Northern Ocean". (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 102The Arctic region; of note, the region's southerly border on this map is depicted by a red isotherm, with all territory to the north having an average temperature of less than 10 °C (50 °F) in July. (from Arctic Ocean)
Image 103Agulhas Bank (from Atlantic Ocean)
Image 104Typhoon Tip at global peak intensity on 12 October 1979 (from Pacific Ocean)
Image 105Portrait of Edmund Halley by Godfrey Kneller (before 1721) (from Southern Ocean)
Image 106Universalis Cosmographia, also known as the Waldseemüller map, dated 1507, was the first map to show the Americas separating two distinct oceans. South America was generally considered the New World and shows the name "America" for the first time, after Amerigo Vespucci (from Pacific Ocean)

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In the news

17 May 2023 – Lu Peng Yuan Yu sinking: The Chinese government reports that the fishing vessel Lu Peng Yuan Yu 028 capsized in the central Indian Ocean on Tuesday. China and other countries are conducting search operations for 39 sailors, including Chinese, Indonesian, and Filipino nationals. (AP via NBC News) (DW)
16 May 2023 – 2023 North Indian Ocean cyclone season: The death toll from Cyclone Mocha's landfall in Myanmar, increases to 81 people. The majority of casualties and damage occurred in the Rakhine State. (CNA)
14 May 2023 – 2023 North Indian Ocean cyclone season: Bangladesh and Myanmar order massive evacuations as Cyclone Mocha makes landfall in both countries' coastal areas. Six people are killed in Myanmar, with about 90% of the city of Sittwe being destroyed. (BBC News)
14 April 2023 – 2023 Tunisia migrant boat disasters: The death toll from a boat that sank off the coast of Tunisia increases to 33 after eight more bodies are found. (Reuters)
13 April 2023 – Japan–North Korea relations: North Korea launches a ballistic missile towards northern Japan, prompting evacuation orders in Hokkaido, before the missile falls into the sea. (Al Jazeera)

WikiProjects

WikiProject Oceans
WikiProject Limnology and Oceanography
WikiProject Marine life
WikiProject Cetaceans
WikiProject Fishes
WikiProject Sharks

Related WikiProjects

WikiProject Arthropods
WikiProject Fisheries and Fishing
WikiProject Lakes
WikiProject Rivers

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Admiralty law

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Do you have a question about oceans, seas or oceanography that you can't find the answer to? Consider asking it at the Wikipedia reference desk.

External media

World Ocean Database and World Ocean Atlas Series – from the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Includes the World Ocean Atlas.
European Atlas of the Seas – the European Atlas of the Seas, from the European Commission
NOAA Research – NOAA research news, Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR)
Ocean Research – from The World Ocean Observatory
Ocean Biodiversity Information System – "a global open-access data and information clearing-house on marine biodiversity for science, conservation and sustainable development"

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Earth's oceans and seas
Antarctic/Southern Ocean	Amundsen Sea Bellingshausen Sea Cooperation Sea Cosmonauts Sea Davis Sea D'Urville Sea King Haakon VII Sea Lazarev Sea Mawson Sea Riiser-Larsen Sea Ross Sea Scotia Sea Somov Sea Weddell Sea
Arctic Ocean	Amundsen Gulf Barents Sea Beaufort Sea Chukchi Sea East Siberian Sea Greenland Sea Gulf of Boothia Kara Sea Laptev Sea Lincoln Sea Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea Pechora Sea Queen Victoria Sea Wandel Sea White Sea
Atlantic Ocean	Adriatic Sea Aegean Sea Alboran Sea American Mediterranean Sea Archipelago Sea Argentine Sea Baffin Bay Balearic Sea Baltic Sea Bay of Biscay Bay of Bothnia Bay of Campeche Bay of Fundy Black Sea Bothnian Sea Caribbean Sea Celtic Sea English Channel Foxe Basin Greenland Sea Gulf of Bothnia Gulf of Finland Gulf of Lion Gulf of Guinea Gulf of Maine Gulf of Mexico Gulf of Saint Lawrence Gulf of Sidra Gulf of Venezuela Hudson Bay Ionian Sea Irish Sea Irminger Sea James Bay Labrador Sea Levantine Sea Libyan Sea Ligurian Sea Marmara Sea Mediterranean Sea Myrtoan Sea North Sea Norwegian Sea Sargasso Sea Sea of Åland Sea of Azov Sea of Crete Sea of the Hebrides Thracian Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Wadden Sea
Indian Ocean	Andaman Sea Arabian Sea Bay of Bengal Flores Sea Great Australian Bight Gulf of Aden Gulf of Aqaba Gulf of Khambhat Gulf of Kutch Gulf of Oman Gulf of Suez Laccadive Sea Mozambique Channel Persian Gulf Red Sea Timor Sea
Pacific Ocean	Arafura Sea Bali Sea Banda Sea Bering Sea Bismarck Sea Bohai Sea Bohol Sea Camotes Sea Celebes Sea Chilean Sea Coral Sea East China Sea Gulf of Alaska Gulf of Anadyr Gulf of California Gulf of Carpentaria Gulf of Fonseca Gulf of Panama Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Tonkin Halmahera Sea Java Sea Koro Sea Mar de Grau Molucca Sea Moro Gulf Philippine Sea Salish Sea Savu Sea Sea of Japan Sea of Okhotsk Seram Sea Seto Inland Sea Shantar Sea Sibuyan Sea Solomon Sea South China Sea Sulu Sea Tasman Sea Visayan Sea Yellow Sea
Endorheic basins	Aral Sea Caspian Sea Dead Sea Salton Sea
Others	Ocean Sea Superocean
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Physical oceanography
Waves	Airy wave theory Ballantine scale Benjamin–Feir instability Boussinesq approximation Breaking wave Clapotis Cnoidal wave Cross sea Dispersion Edge wave Equatorial waves Fetch Gravity wave Green's law Infragravity wave Internal wave Iribarren number Kelvin wave Kinematic wave Longshore drift Luke's variational principle Mild-slope equation Radiation stress Rogue wave Rossby wave Rossby-gravity waves Sea state Seiche Significant wave height Soliton Stokes boundary layer Stokes drift Stokes wave Swell Trochoidal wave Tsunami megatsunami Undertow Ursell number Wave action Wave base Wave height Wave nonlinearity Wave power Wave radar Wave setup Wave shoaling Wave turbulence Wave–current interaction Waves and shallow water one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations shallow water equations Wind wave model
Circulation	Atmospheric circulation Baroclinity Boundary current Coriolis force Coriolis–Stokes force Craik–Leibovich vortex force Downwelling Eddy Ekman layer Ekman spiral Ekman transport El Niño–Southern Oscillation General circulation model Geochemical Ocean Sections Study Geostrophic current Global Ocean Data Analysis Project Gulf Stream Halothermal circulation Humboldt Current Hydrothermal circulation Langmuir circulation Longshore drift Loop Current Modular Ocean Model Ocean current Ocean dynamics Ocean dynamical thermostat Ocean gyre Princeton ocean model Rip current Subsurface currents Sverdrup balance Thermohaline circulation shutdown Upwelling Wind generated current Whirlpool World Ocean Circulation Experiment
Tides	Amphidromic point Earth tide Head of tide Internal tide Lunitidal interval Perigean spring tide Rip tide Rule of twelfths Slack water Tidal bore Tidal force Tidal power Tidal race Tidal range Tidal resonance Tide gauge Tideline Theory of tides
Landforms	Abyssal fan Abyssal plain Atoll Bathymetric chart Coastal geography Cold seep Continental margin Continental rise Continental shelf Contourite Guyot Hydrography Knoll Oceanic basin Oceanic plateau Oceanic trench Passive margin Seabed Seamount Submarine canyon Submarine volcano
Plate tectonics	Convergent boundary Divergent boundary Fracture zone Hydrothermal vent Marine geology Mid-ocean ridge Mohorovičić discontinuity Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis Oceanic crust Outer trench swell Ridge push Seafloor spreading Slab pull Slab suction Slab window Subduction Transform fault Volcanic arc
Ocean zones	Benthic Deep ocean water Deep sea Littoral Mesopelagic Oceanic Pelagic Photic Surf Swash
Sea level	Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis Future sea level Global Sea Level Observing System North West Shelf Operational Oceanographic System Sea-level curve Sea level rise World Geodetic System
Acoustics	Deep scattering layer Hydroacoustics Ocean acoustic tomography Sofar bomb SOFAR channel Underwater acoustics
Satellites	Jason-1 Jason-2 (Ocean Surface Topography Mission) Jason-3
Related	Acidification Argo Benthic lander Color of water DSV Alvin Marginal sea Marine energy Marine pollution Mooring National Oceanographic Data Center Ocean Explorations Observations Reanalysis Ocean surface topography Ocean temperature Ocean thermal energy conversion Oceanography Outline of oceanography Pelagic sediment Sea surface microlayer Sea surface temperature Seawater Science On a Sphere Stratification Thermocline Underwater glider Water column World Ocean Atlas
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Mid-ocean ridges
Present	Central Indian Chile East Pacific Explorer Gakkel Gorda Juan de Fuca Mid-Atlantic Pacific-Antarctic South American-Antarctic Southeast Indian Southwest Indian
Former	Aegir Alpha Kula-Farallon Mid-Labrador Pacific-Farallon Pacific-Kula Phoenix
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