1580

1580 (MDLXXX) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1580th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 580th year of the 2nd millennium, the 80th year of the 16th century, and the 1st year of the 1580s decade. As of the start of 1580, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which was the dominant calendar of the time.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
August 25: Battle of Alcântara
1580 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1580
MDLXXX
Ab urbe condita2333
Armenian calendar1029
ԹՎ ՌԻԹ
Assyrian calendar6330
Balinese saka calendar1501–1502
Bengali calendar987
Berber calendar2530
English Regnal year22 Eliz. 1  23 Eliz. 1
Buddhist calendar2124
Burmese calendar942
Byzantine calendar7088–7089
Chinese calendar己卯年 (Earth Rabbit)
4277 or 4070
     to 
庚辰年 (Metal Dragon)
4278 or 4071
Coptic calendar1296–1297
Discordian calendar2746
Ethiopian calendar1572–1573
Hebrew calendar5340–5341
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1636–1637
 - Shaka Samvat1501–1502
 - Kali Yuga4680–4681
Holocene calendar11580
Igbo calendar580–581
Iranian calendar958–959
Islamic calendar987–988
Japanese calendarTenshō 8
(天正8年)
Javanese calendar1499–1500
Julian calendar1580
MDLXXX
Korean calendar3913
Minguo calendar332 before ROC
民前332年
Nanakshahi calendar112
Thai solar calendar2122–2123
Tibetan calendar阴土兔年
(female Earth-Rabbit)
1706 or 1325 or 553
     to 
阳金龙年
(male Iron-Dragon)
1707 or 1326 or 554

Events

June 25: The Book of Concord is published.

JanuaryMarch

AprilJune

  • April 6 The Dover Straits earthquake occurs.[5]
  • April 9 English Fury at Mechelen: English and Scottish mercenaries, assisting the Dutch Republic, storm the Spanish Netherlands city of Mechelen (in modern-day Belgium), killing 60 civilians and plundering the town's houses and churches.[6]
  • May 29 Stephen Báthory is formally crowned as Grand Duke of Lithuania at the Vilnius Cathedral.[7]
  • May The Lipizzan stud is established by Charles II, Archduke of Austria.
  • June 5 In the Kingdom of Golconda (part of the modern-day Indian state of Telangana), 15-year-old Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah is proclaimed as the new Sultan upon the death of his father, Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali.
  • June 9 Rebels of the Dutch Union of Utrecht, aided by French soldiers, make a surprise attack on the Spanish Netherlands city of Diest in the Duchy of Brabant, and overwhelm the strategic location, now in Belgium, in one day.[8]
  • June 11 Within the Viceroyalty of Peru in South America Spanish explorer Juan de Garay founds the first permanent Spanish settlement at what is now the capital of Argentina, on the Rio de la Plata. Garay, who came on an expedition down the Paraná River from Asunción (now in Paraguay), arrives at the site of the failed Spanish settlement of Ciudad de Nuestra Señora Santa María del Buen Ayre, that had been created by Pedro de Mendoza in 1536 and abandoned in 1542. Garay names the new settlement "Santísima Trinidad" but the city eventually takes the name of the port, which he calls "Puerto de Santa María de los Buenos Aires."[9]
  • June 21 (8 Cemazi ul-evvel 988 AH) England signs a commercial treaty with the Ottoman Empire, and Sultan Murad III sends a letter to Queen Elizabeth I informing her, "Just as the merchants of Poland and France and Venice come and go, the merchants of your domain also shall bring wares to our Well-Protected Domains and take away wares."[10] In return, Murad III is able to purchase English metals (iron, brass and tin) for his war with Persia.[11]
  • June 25 The Book of Concord, a collection of Lutheran confessional documents, is published.

JulySeptember

OctoberDecember

  • October 4 Lorenzo Suárez de Mendoza, the Spanish Count of Coruña, arrives in Mexico City to take office as the Viceroy of New Spain, administering Mexico and Central America on behalf of King Philip II.[17]
  • October 15 (5th waning of Tazaungmon 942 ME) King Bayinnaung of Bruma dispatches a naval force of 200 ships and 8,000 soldiers to invade the Kingdom of Mrauk U (now in the Rakhine State of Myanmar), but the attempt fails after a year. Burmese troops are ordered withdrawn after Bayinnaung dies and is succeeded by his son Nanda Bayin.[18]
  • October 18 The Siege of Steenwijk in the Dutch Republic is started by the Spanish Netherlands. The siege will last four months and the Spanish troops will capture Steenwijk on February 23.
  • October 24 The War of the Portuguese Succession comes to an end as Spanish forces crush the final Portuguese resistance in the last stronghold in mainland Portugal, Porto. For the next 60 years, Portugal will be ruled by the Kings of Spain.
  • November 10 Second Desmond Rebellion: The Siege of Smerwick (now Ard na Caithne in County Kerry, Ireland) ends after three days when their commander surrenders to the English. Members of a group of at least 400 freelance soldiers, and perhaps as many as 700, for the Papal States are summarily executed on orders of the English Lord Deputy of Ireland, Baron Grey de Wilton.[19]
  • December 31 James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton, formerly the regent for King James VI of Scotland, is arrested during a meeting of Scotland's Privy Council at Holyrood on the accusation of James Stewart, Earl of Arran that the Earl of Morton had participated in the 1567 murder of Lord Darnley, husband of Mary, Queen of Scots and father of King James.[20] Morton is taken to Dumbarton Castle and convicted of conspiracy to murder, and executed on June 2.

Date unknown

  • The Billy Mitchell volcano, on the island of Bougainville, undergoes a catastrophic eruption (VEI 6).
  • The first session of the Jewish Vaad (Council of Four Lands) is held in Lublin, Poland; 70 delegates of Jewish local qahals meet to discuss taxation, and other issues important to Jewish communities.
  • The Old City of Zamość is established in Poland, by Jan Zamoyski.
  • The 1580 influenza pandemic sweeps the world, starting in Asia and moving rapidly through Africa, Europe, and eventually the Americas. More than 10% of the population of Rome dies, and whole towns in Spain are depopulated.[21]

Births

  • January 8 Jens Hermansson Juel, Stattholder of Norway (d. 1634)
  • January 12
  • January 20 Stefano Amadei, Italian painter (d. 1644)
  • January 29 Willem Isaacsz Swanenburg, Dutch engraver (d. 1612)
  • January 30 Gundakar, Prince of Liechtenstein, court official in Vienna (d. 1658)
  • January John Smith, English explorer and Virginia settler (d. 1631)
  • February John Digby, 1st Earl of Bristol, English diplomat (d. 1653)
  • February 1 Francis Fane, 1st Earl of Westmorland, English noble (d. 1629)
  • February 2 Jens Bjelke, Norwegian noble (d. 1659)
  • February 22 Charles de l'Aubespine, marquis de Châteauneuf, French diplomat and government official (d. 1653)
  • February 24 Matthias Hoe von Hoenegg, German theologian (d. 1645)
  • February 28
    • Orazio Giustiniani, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1649)
    • Giovanni Srofenaur, Italian musician (d. 1634)
  • March 31 Bogislaw XIV, Duke of Pomerania (d. 1637)
  • April 8
  • April 18 (baptism) Thomas Middleton, English playwright (d. 1627)[22]
  • April 24 Miguel Avellán, Spanish Catholic prelate, Auxiliary Bishop of Toledo from 1633 (d. 1650)
  • May 5
    • Johann Faulhaber, German mathematician (d. 1635)
    • Richard Webb, English settler in America (d. 1665)
  • May 6 Charles Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat, French noble (d. 1637)
  • May 14 Bassam Al-Soukaria, Lebanese army commander (d. 1667)
  • May 30 Fadrique de Toledo, 1st Marquis of Villanueva de Valdueza, Spanish noble and admiral (d. 1634)
  • June 6 Godefroy Wendelin, Flemish astronomer (d. 1667)
  • June 9 Daniel Heinsius, Dutch scholar (d. 1655)
  • June 12 Adriaan van Stalbemt, Flemish Baroque painter (d. 1662)
  • June 14 Elisabeth Magdalena of Pomerania, German duchess (d. 1649)
  • June 26
    • Gaspar de Borja y Velasco, Spanish Catholic cardinal (d. 1645)
    • Peter Claver, Spanish Jesuit priest (d. 1654)
  • July 5 Carlo Contarini, Doge of Venice (d. 1656)
  • July 6 Johann Stobäus, German composer (d. 1646)
  • July 10 Humphrey Chetham, English merchant (d. 1653)
  • July 18 Giovanni Giacomo Semenza, Italian painter (d. 1638)
  • July 29 Francesco Mochi, Italian early-Baroque sculptor (d. 1654)
  • August 2 Prince Jeongwon, Korean prince (d. 1619)
  • August 19 Pierre Vernier, French mathematician (d. 1637)
  • September 4 George Percy, English explorer (d. 1632)
  • September 14
    • Francisco de Quevedo, Spanish writer (d. 1645)
    • Robert Gordon of Straloch, Scottish cartographer (d. 1661)
  • September 15
    • Charles Annibal Fabrot, French lawyer (d. 1659)
    • Thomas Fanshawe, English politician (d. 1631)
  • September 17 Countess Charlotte Brabantina of Nassau, Belgian noble (d. 1631)
  • September 24 Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, Duchess consort of Pomerania (d. 1653)
  • October 8 Gábor Esterházy (1580–1626), Hungarian noble (d. 1626)
  • October 12 Hortensio Félix Paravicino, Spanish preacher and poet from the noble house of Pallavicini (d. 1633)
  • October 20 Peter Crüger, German astronomer and mathematician (d. 1639)
  • October 30 Armand-Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force, Marshal of France (d. 1675)
  • November 9 Johannes Narssius, Dutch physician and poet (d. 1637)
  • December 1 Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer (d. 1637)
  • December 4
  • date unknown
    • Philipp Clüver, German geographer and historian (d. 1623)
    • Francesco Fontana, Italian lawyer and astronomer (d. 1656)
    • Dirk Hartog, Dutch ship's captain and explorer (d. 1621)
    • Jean Jannon, Swiss-born typefounder (d. 1658)
    • Robert Killigrew, English courtier, politician, ambassador and knight (d. 1633)
    • Willebrord Snellius, Dutch astronomer and mathematician (d. 1626)
    • Raphael Sobiehrd-Mnishovsky, Bohemian lawyer and writer (d. 1644)
    • Pierre Vernier, French mathematician and instrument inventor (d. 1637)
    • Krzysztof Zbaraski, Polish nobleman (d. 1627)
    • George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, English politician and colonizer (d. 1623)
  • probable
    • William Brabazon, 1st Earl of Meath, English noble (d. 1651)
    • Edward Fairfax, English translator (d. 1635)
    • Frans Hals, Dutch painter (d. 1666)[23]
    • Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven, Scottish soldier (d. 1661)
    • Benjamin, Duke of Soubise, French Huguenot leader (d. 1642)
    • Adriana Basile, Italian composer (d. 1640)

Deaths

References

  1. Dionysius Lardner, ed., The History of Spain and Portugal, vol. 5, part of the Cabinet Cyclopaedia. London: Longman, Rees, et al., 1832. See pages 208-209.
  2. Mack P. Holt, The French Wars of Religion, 1562–1629 (Cambridge University Press, 2005) p.116
  3. João Vicente Melo, Jesuit and English Experiences at the Mughal Court, C. 1580–1615 (Springer, 2022) p.26
  4. Michel de Montaigne (1887). Works of Michael de Montaigne: Comprising His Essays, Journey Into Italy, and Letters. Houghton, Mifflin. p. 471.
  5. Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 160–162. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  6. J.D. Tracy, The Founding of the Dutch Republic: War, Finance, and Politics in Holland 1572–1588 (Oxford University Press, 2008) pp.157-158
  7. Jūratė Kiaupienė and ; Ingė Lukšaitė, Lietuvos Istorija (in Lithuanian), Vol. V: Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė 1529–1588 metais ("The Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the years 1529–1588") (Baltos Lankos, 2013). pp. 264
  8. Edouard Van Even, Geschiedenis der stad Diest ("History of the city of Diest") (Drukkery van Ad. Havermans, 1847), p.172
  9. "11 de Junio de 1580: Segunda fundación de Buenos Aires", Calendario Histórico, BuenosAires.gov.ar
  10. Viorel Panaite, Ottoman Law of War and Peace: The Ottoman Empire and Its Tribute-Payers from the North of the Danube (Brill, 2019) p.335
  11. Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 230–233. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  12. Joze Krasovec (1 October 1999). The Interpretation of the Bible: The International Symposium in Slovenia. A&C Black. p. 676. ISBN 978-0-567-34563-9.
  13. "Antonio, Prior of Crato", by David Hannay, Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 2 (11th ed.) (Cambridge University Press, 2011)
  14. Carlos Melo Bento, História dos Açores: Da descoberta a 1934 (in Portuguese) (Câmara Municipal de Ponta Delgada, 2008) p.34
  15. Portuguese Studies Review. Baywolf Press. 2005. p. 71.
  16. Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
  17. Fernando Orozco Linares, Gobernantes de México (Panorama Editorial, 1985)
  18. Maha Yazawin, Vol. 3 (Ya-Pyei Publishing, 2006) p.71
  19. Tony Pollard and Iain Banks, Scorched Earth: Studies in the Archaeology of Conflict (Brill, 2007) p.222
  20. George R. Hewitt, Scotland under Morton 1572-80 (John Donald Publishing, 1982), pp.76-77
  21. Beveridge, W.I.B. (1991). "The Chronicle of Influenza Epidemics". History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences. 13 (2): 223–234. JSTOR 23331022. PMID 1724803.
  22. Michelle O'Callaghan (7 March 2009). Thomas Middleton, Renaissance Dramatist. Edinburgh University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-7486-3169-8.
  23. Myrtle Byram McGraw (1941). The Child in Painting. Greystone Press. p. 12.
  24. Dauril Alden (1996). The Making of an Enterprise: The Society of Jesus in Portugal, Its Empire, and Beyond, 1540-1750. Stanford University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-8047-2271-1.
  25. Luís de Camões (1966). The Lusiads of Luiz de Camões. Hispanic Society of America. p. xxix.
  26. Dissertation Abstracts International: The humanities and social sciences. A. University Microfilms. 1978. p. 2628.
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