Foreign relations of the Comoros

In November 1975, Comoros became the 143rd member of the United Nations. The new nation was defined as consisting of the entire archipelago, despite the fact that France maintains control over Mayotte.

Politics of the Comoros

Arab League Member State of the Arab League

Constitution
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
  • Supreme Court
Elections
Autonomous islands
Foreign relations

Overview

Comoros also is a member of the African Union, the Arab League, the European Development Fund, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Indian Ocean Commission, and the African Development Bank.

The government fostered close relationships with the more conservative (and oil-rich) Arab states, such as Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.[1] It frequently received aid from those countries and the regional financial institutions they influenced, such as the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa and the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development.[1] In October 1993, Comoros joined the League of Arab States, after having been rejected when it applied for membership initially in 1977.[1]

Regional relations generally were good.[1] In 1985 Madagascar, Mauritius, and Seychelles agreed to admit Comoros as the fourth member of the Indian Ocean Commission (IOC), an organization established in 1982 to encourage regional cooperation.[1] In 1993 Mauritius and Seychelles had two of the five embassies in Moroni, and Mauritius and Madagascar were connected to the republic by regularly scheduled commercial flights.[1]

In November 1975, Comoros became the 143d member of the UN. In the 1990s, the republic continued to represent Mahoré in the UN.[1] Comoros was also a member of the OAU, the EDF, the World Bank, the IMF, the IOC, and the African Development Bank.[1]

Comoros thus cultivated relations with various nations, both East and West, seeking to increase trade and obtain financial assistance.[1] In 1994, however, it was increasingly facing the need to control its expenditures and reorganize its economy so that it would be viewed as a sounder recipient of investment.[1] Comoros also confronted domestically the problem of the degree of democracy the government was prepared to grant to its citizens, a consideration that related to its standing in the world community.[1]

Bilateral relations
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Andorra8 July 2008

Both countries established diplomatic relations on July 8, 2008.[2]

 Argentina28 September 1988[3]

Argentina is represented in Comoros by its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.[4][5]

 Armenia 2 July 2008 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 July 2008[6]
 Australia23 July 1983

Australia is represented in Comoros by its embassy in Port Louis.[7]

 Austria 8 May 2007 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 May 2007[8]
 Azerbaijan 6 September 1994[9] On September 6, 1994, the Protocol was signed to establish diplomatic relations between Azerbaijan and Comoros.[9]
 Botswana 26 September 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 2018[10]
 Brazil25 March 2005

Brazil is represented in Comoros by its embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.[11]

 Brunei 16 February 1999 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 February 1999[12]
 Cambodia 22 February 2010 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 February 2010[13]
 Canada16 June 1977
 China13 November 1975See China–Comoros relations

Comoros also hosted an embassy of China, which established relations during the Soilih regime.[1] The Chinese had long been a source of aid and apparently wished to maintain contact with Comoros to counterbalance Indian and Soviet (later Russian) influence in the Indian Ocean.[1]

In August 2008, a Comorian delegation visited China on a good-will visit. Together with the Chinese defense minister Liang Guanglie, and Chief of Staff of the Comoros armed forces Salimou Mohamed Amiri, pledged to increase cooperation between the military of the two nations. Amiri stated that Comoros will continue to adhere to the One-China policy.[15]

A comprehensive Chinese-assisted treatment campaign has apparently eliminated malaria from the Comorian island of Moheli (population 36,000). Administered by Li Guoqiao at the Tropical Medicine Institute, the program relies on hybrid Artemisia annua of hybrid ancestry, which was used for a drug regimen by which all residents of the island, whether or not visibly ill, took two doses at a 40-day interval. This eliminated the human reservoir of the disease and reduced hospital admissions to 1% or less of January 2008 levels. Visitors to Moheli are now required to take antimalarial drugs, a mix of artemisinin, primaquine and pyrimethamine that China provides for free. When asked about Artemisia exports, Li was quoted, "We want to grow them in China and whatever we export depends on bilateral relationships." Comoros has requested a similar program for Grande Comore and Anjouan, total population 760,000, and Li said that Beijing has agreed in principle.[16][17]

 Colombia 3 October 1988 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1988[18]
 Cyprus

Cyprus is represented in Comoros by its embassy in Pretoria.[19]

 Denmark1 December 1981[20]

Denmark is represented in Comoros by its embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.[21]

 Ecuador 15 October 2015 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 October 2015[22]
 Egypt 28 June 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 1976[23]
 Fiji7 November 2013

Both countries established diplomatic relations on November 7, 2013.[24]

 Finland19 December 1977[25]

Comoros is represented in Finland by its embassy in Paris, France.[26]

 France1 July 1978See France–Comoros relations

Comoros' most significant international relationship is that with France.[1] The three years of estrangement following the unilateral declaration of independence and the nationalistic Soilih regime were followed during the conservative Abdallah and Djohar regimes by a period of growing trade, aid, cultural, and defense links between the former colony and France, punctuated by frequent visits to Paris by the head of state and occasional visits by the French president to Moroni.[1] The leading military power in the region, France has detachments on Mahoré and Réunion, and its Indian Ocean fleet sails the waters around the islands.[1] France and Comoros signed a mutual security treaty in 1978; following the mercenary coup against Abdallah in 1989, French troops restored order and took responsibility for reorganizing and training the Comorian army.[1] With Mahoré continuing to gravitate politically and economically toward France, and Comoros increasingly dependent on the French for help with its own considerable social, political, and economic problems, the issue of Mahoré diminished somewhat in urgency.[1]

Comoros claims French-administered Mayotte & the Glorioso Islands.

 Gambia 11 October 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 October 2021[27]
 Germany2 February 1978

Both countries established diplomatic relations on February 2, 1978.[28]

 Georgia26 March 2010

The Comoros and Georgia established full diplomatic relations on 26 March 2010.[29]

 Iceland 29 October 2004 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 October 2004[30]
 India4 June 1976See Comoros–India relations
 Indonesia19 March 1983[32]
 Iraq 1 June 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 June 1976[34]
 Ireland24 October 2018

Ireland is represented in Comoros by its embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.[35]

 Italy1 November 1976Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 November 1976[36]
 Japan14 November 1977[40]

Comorian relations with Japan were also significant because Japan was the second largest provider of aid, consisting of funding for fisheries, food, and highway development.[1]

 Kazakhstan 29 March 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 March 2012[41]
 Kuwait 3 May 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 May 1976[42]
 Latvia24 February 2010

Both countries established diplomatic relations on February 24, 2010.[43]

 Libya 1 April 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 April 1976[44]
 Lithuania26 September 2013

Both countries established diplomatic relations on September 26, 2013.[45]

 Luxembourg 1 February 1978 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 February 1978[46]
 Madagascar 12 November 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 November 1976[47]
 Maldives20 July 1983

Both countries established diplomatic relations on July 20, 1983.[48]

 Mauritius 25 February 1985 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 February 1985[49]
 Mexico13 October 2008Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 October 2008[50]
  • The Comoros does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
  • Mexico is accredited to the Comoros from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.[51]
 Mongolia 5 December 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 December 2011[52]
 Montenegro9 February 2011

Both countries established diplomatic relations on February 9, 2011.[53]

 Namibia 20 October 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 October 2021[54]
 Netherlands21 February 1977
 Nicaragua 18 September 2019 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 September 2019[57]
 Nigeria 5 November 1982 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1982[58]
 North Korea13 November 1975, broke off 3 December 1983, Restored 20 November 1989See Comoros–North Korea relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on November 13, 1975.[59]

 Pakistan 19 October 1983 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 October 1983[60]
 Poland 6 June 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 June 1977[61]
 Portugal 27 December 1996 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 December 1996[62]
 Qatar15 November 1984, severed diplomatic relations 7 June 2017See Comoros–Qatar relations

Comoros severed the diplomatic relations with Qatar in June 2017.[63]

 Romania12 August 1976

Both countries established diplomatic relations on August 12, 1976.[64]

 Russia 6 January 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 January 1976[65]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines3 October 2008

Both countries established diplomatic relations on October 3, 2008.[66]

 Senegal 10 July 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1976[67]
 Serbia24 November 1976[68]

Serbia is represented in Comoros by its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.[69][70]

 Singapore8 April 2013

Both countries established diplomatic relations on April 8, 2013.[71]

 Slovenia 25 April 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 April 2011[72]
 Solomon Islands 14 February 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 February 2011[73]
 South Africa14 May 1993

The close relationship Comoros developed with South Africa in the 1980s was much less significant to both countries in the 1990s.[1] With the reform of its apartheid government, South Africa no longer needed Comoros as evidence of its ostensible ability to enjoy good relations with a black African state; the end of the Cold War had also diminished Comoros' strategic value to Pretoria.[1] Although South Africa continued to provide developmental aid, it closed its consulate in Moroni in 1992.[1] Since the 1989 coup and subsequent expulsion of South African-financed mercenaries, Comoros likewise turned away from South Africa and toward France for assistance with its security needs.[1]

 South Korea19 February 1979[74]

Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the Union of the Comoros were established on 19 February 1979. Four South Koreans were living in the Comoros in 2011–12.[75]

 South Sudan 17 May 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 May 2018[76]
 Spain1 March 1983[77]
 Switzerland1 March 1977[78]
 Syria 25 November 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 November 1975[80]
 Tajikistan 17 August 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 August 2018[81]
 Thailand 15 July 1986 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 July 1986[82]
 Tunisia1976

Both countries have established diplomatic relations.[83]

 Turkey22 August 1979[84]See Comoros–Turkey relations
  • The Embassy of the Comoros in Cairo is accredited to Turkey.[85]
  • The Turkish ambassador in Antananarivo to Madagascar is also accredited to the Union of the Comoros.[85]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was 21.1 million USD in 2019.[85]
 Tuvalu 5 April 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 April 2012[86]
 Ukraine23 July 1993
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on July 23, 1993.[87]
  • Comoros has an honorary consulate in Kyiv.[88]
  • Ukraine is represented in Comoros by its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.[89]
 United Kingdom3 October 1977

Great-Britain is represented in Comoros by its embassy in Antananarivo, Madagascar.[90]

 United States15 August 1977[91]See Comoros–United States relations

The United States established diplomatic relations in 1977 but in September 1993 closed its embassy in Moroni. Presently, The United States Ambassador in Madagascar is also accredited to Comoros. The two countries enjoy friendly relations.[1] The historic under-commitment by the US within France's sphere of interest in the Indian Ocean looks set to continue after a November 2009 meeting between heads of state.[92] Future friendly relations continue to look promising between the Comoros and America.

 Uzbekistan21 May 2005
 Venezuela 26 October 1990 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 October 1990[94]
 Vietnam24 September 2015[95]

Both countries are full members of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie.

 Yemen7 January 1985

In April 2008, the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation of Yemen and Comoros Ministry of Fishery and Environment signed a "Memo of Understanding" (MOU) concerning agricultural cooperation.[96]

See also

References
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