Foreign relations of Madagascar

Madagascar has diplomatic relations with many countries, both individual bilateral relations and by virtue of its membership of African and other regional blocs. International aid has been received from the IMF and the World Bank, and a national environmental plan supported by the World Bank and USAID began in 1990.

Politics of Madagascar
Constitution
Government
Parliament
Administrative divisions
Elections
Foreign relations
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs
    Minister: Djacoba Tehindrazanarivelo
flag Madagascar portal

Regional relations
Nations with which Madagascar has diplomatic relations.

Madagascar historically has remained outside the mainstream of African affairs, although it is a member of the Indian Ocean Commission, the Organization of African Unity (now renamed the AU), the Port Management Association of Eastern and Southern Africa (PMAESA), and the Non-Aligned Movement. Madagascar was admitted to the Southern African Development Community in 2004.

Bilateral relations

Active diplomatic relationships are maintained with Europe, especially the UK, France, Germany, Italy and Switzerland, as well as with Russia, Japan, South Korea, India, Indonesia, Egypt and China. Madagascar also maintains good relations with the United States.

International agencies being present in the country allows to react quickly to emergencies such as a food crisis.[1]

Africa
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Botswana August 2005 Both countries established diplomatic relations in August 2005[2]
 Democratic Republic of Congo 26 July 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 1974[3]
 Lesotho 7 December 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 December 1971[4]
 Libya 9 February 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 February 1974[5]
 Mauritius27 August 1968See Madagascar–Mauritius relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 August 1968[6]

  • Madagascar has an embassy in Port Louis.
  • Mauritius has an embassy in Antananarivo.
 Morocco15 April 1994Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 April 1994[7]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Morocco from its embassy in Dakar, Senegal.
  • Morocco has an embassy in Antananarivo.
 Mozambique9 August 1975Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 August 1975[8]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Mozambique from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Mozambique is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Pretoria, South Africa.
 Namibia
  • Madagascar is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Namibia is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Harare, Zimbabwe.
 Nigeria24 June 1971Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1971[9]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Nigeria is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique.
 Senegal
  • Madagascar has an embassy in Dakar.
  • Senegal is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
 South Africa27 January 1994See Madagascar–South Africa relations

South Africa and Madagascar share maritime borders with each other.

  • Madagascar has an embassy in Pretoria and a consulate-general in Cape Town.[10]
  • South Africa has an embassy in Antananarivo.[11]
 Tanzania28 June 1973Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 1973[12]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Tanzania from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Tanzania is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique.
 Zambia 13 September 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 September 1973[13]
 Zimbabwe 19 October 1981 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 October 1981[14]

Americas
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Argentina20 July 2001Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 July 2001[15]
  • Argentina is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Madagascar does not have an accreditation to Argentina.
 Brazil7 October 1996Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 October 1996[16]
  • Brazil is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique.
  • Madagascar is accredited to Brazil from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
 Canada7 January 1965See Canada–Madagascar relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 January 1965[17]

  • Canada is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Pretoria, South Africa.[18]
  • Madagascar has an embassy in Ottawa.[19]
 Chile 23 December 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 December 1971[20]
 Colombia15 June 1995Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 June 1995[21]
  • Colombia is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.[22]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
 Cuba11 April 1974Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 April 1974[23]
  • Cuba is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Madagascar is accredited to Cuba from its embassy in Ottawa, Canada.
 Dominican Republic 23 September 2022 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 September 2022[24]
 Mexico26 December 1975[25]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.[26]
  • Mexico is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa and maintains an honorary consulate in Antananarivo.[27]
 Nicaragua 26 October 1984 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 October 1984[28]
 United States26 June 1960[29]See Madagascar–United States relations

Relations between the United States and Madagascar date to the middle 19th century. The two countries concluded a commercial convention in 1867 and a treaty of peace, friendship, and commerce in 1881. Traditionally warm relations suffered considerably during the 1970s, when Madagascar expelled the U.S. ambassador, the USA closed a NASA tracking station, allied with the USSR, and nationalized two U.S. oil companies. In 1980, relations at the ambassadorial level were restored.

Throughout the troubled period, commercial and cultural relations remained active. In 1990, Madagascar was designated as a priority aid recipient, and assistance increased from $15 million in 1989 to $40 million in 1993. Recent U.S. assistance has contributed to a population census and family planning programs; conservation of Madagascar's remarkable biodiversity, private sector development, agriculture, democracy and governance initiatives; and media training. Madagascar became the first country with a Millennium Challenge Account compact when it signed an agreement worth $110 million in April 2006. The Ravalomanana government is especially positive about ties with the United States.

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.[32][33]

 Venezuela 17 November 2008 Both countries established diplomatic relations 17 November 2008[34][35]

Asia
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Armenia25 June 1993

The two countries established diplomatic relations on June 25, 1993.[36]

  • Armenia does not have an accreditation to Madagascar.
  • Madagascar does not have an accreditation to Armenia.
 Azerbaijan 26 May 1993[37] The two countries established diplomatic relations on 26 May 1993.[37]
 Bahrain 23 September 2022 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 September 2022[38]
 Brunei Darussalam 20 October 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 October 1992[39]
 Cambodia 25 March 1997 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 March 1997[40]
 China6 November 1972See China-Madagascar relations

China and Madagascar established diplomatic relations on November 6, 1972.[41]

  • China has an embassy in Antananarivo and a consulate-general in Toamasina.[42]
  • Madagascar has an embassy in Beijing.[43]
 Georgia 24 May 2007 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 May 2007[44]
 India27 June 1960See India–Madagascar relations

India has had maritime links with Madagascar for several centuries.[45] India opened a consulate general in Antananarivo in 1954. Upon Madagascar gaining independence in 1960, it was upgraded to an embassy.[45] There are about 20,000 persons of Indian origin in Madagascar, including approximately 2,500 Indian passport holders.[46]

  • India has an embassy in Antananarivo.[47]
  • Madagascar has an embassy in New Delhi.[48]
 Indonesia13 December 1974[49]See Indonesia–Madagascar relations
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Antananarivo.
  • Madagascar does not have an accreditation to Indonesia.
 Israel

The two countries have a number of bilateral agreements in force.[50]

  • Israel does not have an accreditation to Madagascar.
  • Madagascar is accredited to Israel from its embassy in Paris, France.
 JapanMarch 1962

The two countries established diplomatic relations on July 5, 1960.[51]

  • Japan has an embassy in Antananarivo.
  • Madagascar has an embassy in Tokyo.
 Kazakhstan 10 April 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 April 1992[52]
 Kuwait 6 December 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1973[53]
 Laos 27 February 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 February 1980[54]
 Malaysia 6 April 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 April 1995[55]
 Mongolia 10 May 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 May 1979[56]
   Nepal 26 September 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 2018[57]
 Oman 29 June 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 June 2016[58]
 Qatar 24 September 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 September 2021[59]
 Saudi Arabia22 October 2008Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 October 2008[60]
  • Madagascar has an embassy in Riyadh.
  • Saudi Arabia is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania.
 Singapore 31 January 1990 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 January 1990[61]
 South Korea25 June 1962,[62] broke off diplomatic relations on July 1972, Restored 19 May 1993
  • Madagascar is accredited to South Korea from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Antananarivo.
 Sri Lanka 27 July 2001 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 July 2001[63]
 Tajikistan 12 June 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 June 1993[64]
 Thailand 30 November 1990 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 November 1990[65]
 Turkey30 January 1963See Madagascar–Turkey relations
  • Madagascar is accredited to Turkey from its embassy in Rome, Italy.[66]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Antananarivo.[66]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was 76.5 million USD in 2019 (Malagasy exports/imports: 5.2/71.3 million USD).[66]
 Turkmenistan 1 December 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 1995[67]
 United Arab Emirates 22 September 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 2016[68]
 Vietnam19 December 1972

The two countries established diplomatic relations on December 19, 1972.[69][70]

  • Madagascar is accredited to Vietnam from its embassy in Beijing, China.
  • Vietnam is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique.

Europe
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Andorra 25 September 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2018[71]
 Croatia27 September 2006

The two countries established diplomatic relations on September 27, 2006.[72][73]

  • Croatia is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Madagascar does not have an accreditation to Croatia.
 Cyprus
  • Cyprus is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Pretoria, South Africa.[74] and an honorary consulate in Antananarivo.[75]
  • Madagascar does not have an accreditation to Cyprus.
 Denmark 1964[76]
  • Denmark is represented in Madagascar, through its embassy in Pretoria.[77]
  • Denmark have a consulate in Antananarivo.[77]
 Estonia 13 April 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 April 1992[78]
 Finland 1 June 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 June 1977[79]
 France26 June 1960See France–Madagascar relations
 Germany26 June 1960See Germany–Madagascar relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1960[82]

  • Germany has an embassy in Antananarivo.
  • Madagascar has an embassy in Berlin.
 Greece1962
  • Greece is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.[83]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Greece from its embassy in Rome, Italy.[83]
  Holy See24 December 1966[84]
  • Holy See has an apostolic nunciature in Antananarivo.
  • Madagascar is accredited to the Holy See from its embassy in Paris, France.
 Iceland22 September 2006Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 2006[85]
  • Iceland is accredited to Madagascar from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Reykjavík.
  • Madagascar is accredited to Iceland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
 Latvia 26 September 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 2018[86]
 Lithuania 29 November 2017 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 2017[87]
 Malta 22 September 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 2021[88]
 Monaco 11 December 2020 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 December 2020[89]
 North Macedonia 18 October 2002 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 October 2002[90]
 Norway27 October 1960Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 October 1960[91]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Norway from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Norway has an embassy in Antananarivo.
 Poland28 November 1973Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 November 1973[92]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  • Poland is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya and maintains an honorary consulate in Antananarivo.
 Romania10 September 1968

The two countries established diplomatic relations on September 10, 1968.[93]

  • Madagascar is accredited to Romania from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
  • Romania is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
 Russia29 September 1972See Madagascar–Russia relations

The establishment of diplomatic relations between Madagascar and the Soviet Union started on September 29, 1972.[94]

During the 2009 Malagasy political crisis, Russia's Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov stated that Russia is "concerned by the increased frequency of attempts on the African continent to resort to non-constitutional methods of solving internal political problems." He went on to say that, in addition to increasing economic and social problems, the use of force is of concern and runs counter to democratic principles, whilst affirming Russia's support of the African Union's position.[95]

 San Marino 23 September 2022 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 September 2022[98]
 Serbia9 December 1969 and 5 May 1971

The two countries have established diplomatic relations in 1960.[99]

  • A number of bilateral agreements have been concluded and are in force between the two countries.[100]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Serbia from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
  • Serbia is accredited to Madagascar from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City, United States.
 Slovenia 5 October 2006 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 2006[101]
 Spain25 March 1966Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 March 1966[102]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Spain is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
 Switzerland13 June 1961Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 June 1961[103]
  • Madagascar has an embassy in Geneva.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Antananarivo.

See also

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  102. "RELACIONES BILATERALES CON ESPAÑA" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  103. "Madagascar et la Suisse fêtent aujourd'hui 60 ans de relations bilatérales le 13 juin 1961".
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