Foreign relations of Guinea

The foreign relations of Guinea, including those with its West African neighbors, have improved steadily since 1985.[1]

Politics of Guinea
Constitution
Government
Parliament
Administrative divisions
Elections
Foreign relations
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Nations with which Guinea has diplomatic relations.

Diplomatic history

Guinea re-established relations with France and West Germany in 1975, and with neighboring Ivory Coast and Senegal in 1978.[2] Guinea has been active in efforts toward regional integration and cooperation, especially regarding the Organisation of African Unity and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).

Guinea has participated in both diplomatic and military efforts to resolve conflicts in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea-Bissau, and contributed contingents of troops to peacekeeping operations in all three countries as part of ECOMOG, the Military Observer Group of ECOWAS.[3] In the 1990s, Guinea hosted almost a million refugees fleeing the civil wars in Sierra Leone and Liberia.[4] As of 2004, Guinea maintained a policy of unrestricted admission to refugees.[4]

Guinea is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the United States military (as covered under Article 98).[5]

2009 ambassador recall

On 5 May 2009, President Moussa Dadis Camara, who seized power in a bloodless coup which followed the 22 December 2008 death of President Lansana Conté, announced the recall of 30 of Guinea's ambassadors to other countries.[6] The order was made by a presidential decree on state television and was the first major diplomatic move made by the new leader.[6]

The decision affected ambassadors to the United States, South Korea, the People's Republic of China, France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Egypt, South Africa, Italy, Japan, Brazil, Cuba, Switzerland, Serbia, Malaysia, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Senegal, Nigeria, Libya, Ghana, Algeria, Morocco, Gabon, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea-Bissau, comprising almost all of Guinea's foreign embassies.[6][7][8] The Guinean representatives to the European Union, the United Nations and the African Union were also affected.[6][7]

No reason was stated for the recall.[7] The Tocqueville Connection states: "Most of the ambassadors were appointed by former prime minister Lansana Kouyaté, in office from February 2007 until May 2008,"[7] raising the possibility that the recall was an attempt on the part of Camara to distance himself from the previous government.

In late March 2009, the Guinean ambassador to Serbia faced expulsion for personal involvement in cigarette smuggling (1,000 packs of cigarettes were found in his BMW) but avoided arrest due to diplomatic immunity (although he was declared as persona non grata).[9]

2021 coup d'etat

The September 5, 2021 coup d'etat brought swift condemnation and threats of sanctions from the United Nations, the African Union, the West African regional bloc ECOWAS (which suspended Guinea), and close allies of Guinea—as well as the United States—among others.[10][11][12] China, uncharacteristically, also openly opposed the coup.[13]

Further information: 2021 Guinean coup d'état

Bilateral relations
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Armenia 27 August 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 August 1992[14]
 Australia
  • Australia and Guinea share close interests in the mining sector. They are the two largest bauxite producers in the world (see List of countries by bauxite production) and were founding signatories in the 1970s of the (now defunct) International Bauxite Agreement. Australian companies are involved in developing the Guinean mining sector.
  • Guinea is accredited to Australia, through its embassy in Tokyo.[15]
  • Australia is accredited to Guinea, through its embassy in Accra, Ghana.[16]
 Azerbaijan 11 March 1992
  • The Republic of Guinea was one of the first states to recognize the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on January 9, 1992.[17]
  • The Republic of Guinea was also the first African state to establish diplomatic relations with Azerbaijan, creating bilateral diplomatic ties on March 11, 1992.[18]
 Bahrain 5 January 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 January 1974[19]
 Botswana 20 April 2007 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 April 2007[20]
 Canada28 March 1962Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1962[21]
 China14 October 1959See China–Guinea relations

The People's Republic of China and the Republic of Guinea established diplomatic relations on October 14, 1959, making Guinea the first country in Sub-Saharan Africa to establish formal relations with China.[24] China has become heavily dependent upon Guinea for bauxite (aluminum ore) -- Guinea's principal export—consuming half of it.[13]

 Colombia 30 September 1988 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1988[25]
 Cote d'Ivoire 21 March 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 March 1961[26],was were broken in September 1973 and re-established on 14 April 1978[27]
 Croatia 8 December 1997 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 December 1997[28]
 Cuba 30 August 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 August 1960[29]
 Fiji 27 January 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 January 2011[30]
 France21 January 1959Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 January 1959 and appointed M. Nobi Youla as first ambassador of Guinea to France and M. Francis Hure appointed as charge d'affaires of France to Guinea[31]
  • France has an embassy in Conakry.[32]
  • Guinea has an embassy in Paris.[33]
 Georgia 31 July 1998 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 July 1998[34]
 Germany 30 July 1959 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 July 1959[35]

See Germany–Guinea relations

  • Germany has an embassy in Conakry.
  • Guinea has an embassy in Berlin.
 Ghana1958
  • Guinea has an embassy in Accra, which was opened in 1958.[36]
  • Ghana has an embassy in Conakry which is also accredited to Guinea-Bissau.[37]
 Guatemala 12 February 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 1993[38]
 Iceland 14 May 2004 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 May 2004[39]
 India 8 July 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 July 1960[40]
 Indonesia1963
  • Indonesia's embassy in Dakar, Senegal is accredited to Guinea.
  • Guinea's embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia is accredited to Indonesia.[41]
 Israel12 January 1959See Guinea–Israel relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 January 1959.[42] Guinea broke off diplomatic relations with Israel on 12 June 1967[43]They resumed diplomatic relations on 20 July 2016[44]

 Liberia1958
  • Guinea has an embassy in Monrovia, which was opened in 1958.[36]
  • Liberia has an embassy in Conakry.
 Libya 26 March 1968 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 March 1968[45]
 Malaysia
 Mauritius 29 October 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 October 1973[47]
 Mexico25 January 1962Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1962[48]
 Myanmar 6 June 2017 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 June 2017[51]
   Nepal 12 May 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 2016[52]
 North Korea8 October 1958Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 October 1958[53]
  • North Korea has an embassy in Conakry.
 Philippines 8 October 1982 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 October 1982[54]
 Poland 29 June 1959 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 June 1959[55]
 Portugal 2 January 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 January 1979[56]
 Serbia10 November 1959Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 1959[57]
  • Serbia is accredited to Guinea, through its embassy in Algiers, Algeria.
  • Guinea has an embassy in Belgrade.[58]


 Solomon Islands 11 August 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 August 2011[59]
 South Korea28 August 2006
  • Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and Guinea were established on 28 August 2006.[60] The number of South Koreans living in Guinea in 2011 was 70.[61]
  • Guinea is accredited to South Korea, through its embassy in Tokyo.[15]
  • South Korea is accredited to Guinea, through its embassy in Dakar, Senegal.
 Somalia
 Tunisia 30 June 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 1962[63]
 Turkey1960[64]
 Ukraine 4 April 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 April 1992[66]
 United States13 February 1959Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 February 1959[67]

See Guinea – United States relations

Guinea became the first French African colony to gain independence, on 2 October 1958, at the cost of the immediate cessation of all French assistance.

After a temporary suspension due to nationwide political unrest in early 2007, the Peace Corps program in Guinea resumed operations at the end of July. Prior to the suspension, Peace Corps had more than 100 volunteers throughout the country, and the program is gradually increasing its numbers again. Volunteers work in four project areas: secondary education, environment/agro-forestry, public health and HIV/AIDS prevention, and small enterprise development. Guinea has also had a strong Crisis Corps program through the last few years.

The U.S. "condemned" Guinea's "2008 military coup d'etat,"—but had "close relations" with Guinea before the coup, and after "Guinea's presidential elections in 2010"—in support of "democratic reform."[68] However, the U.S. State Department immediately condemned the September 5, 2021 coup d'etat, warning against "violence and any extra-constitutional measures, [which] could limit the ability of the United States and Guinea's other international partners to support the country..."[10][11]

 Venezuela 16 March 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1965[71]
 Vietnam9 October 1958
  • Guinea is the first country in Africa to establish formal diplomatic relations with Vietnam.
  • Vietnam's embassy in Rabat, Morocco is accredited to Guinea.
  • Guinea's embassy in Beijing, China is accredited to Vietnam.[72]

See also

References
  1. Background Note: Guinea, US Department of State, February 2009
  2. "Guinea". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, People's Republic of China (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 31 January 2022. 1978年，几分别与塞内加尔和科特迪瓦重新互派大使并签订友好合作条约。
  3. ECOMOG: peacekeeper or participant?, BBC News Online, February 11, 1998
  4. Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "UNHCR Global Report 2004 - Guinea". UNHCR. Retrieved 2021-05-05.
  5. Status of US Bilateral Immunity Agreements (BIAs). Coalition of the International Criminal Court
  6. Sillah, Alhassan (6 May 2009). "Guinea recalls 30 ambassadors, from US to China". Seattle Times. Retrieved 7 May 2009.
  7. "Guinea junta recalls 30 ambassadors". The Tocqueville Connection. 2009-05-06. Archived from the original on 12 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
  8. "World Digest". Hometown Annapolis. 6 May 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2009.
  9. Ambasador Gvineje švercovao cigarete
  10. "Guinea coup leader bars foreign travel for government officials," Reuters News Service, retrieved September 6, 2021
  11. "On the Military Seizure of Power in Guinea," September 5, 2021, United States Department of State, retrieved September 6, 2021
  12. "West African leaders suspend Guinea from Ecowas following coup," September 9, 2021, BBC News, retrieved September 9, 2021
  13. "China Is OK With Interfering in Guinea's Internal Affairs,", September 8, 2021, Foreign Policy retrieved September 9, 2021
  14. "Bilateral Relations". mfa.am. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  15. "AMBASSADEUR EXTRAORDINAIRE ET PLÉNIPOTENTIAIRE DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE DE GUINÉE". Guinean Embassy, Tokyo (in French). Archived from the original on 2022-02-02. Retrieved 2022-02-02. Guinée et à ses relations avec les pays relevant de sa juridiction à savoir le Japon, la Corée du Sud, les Philippines, Singapore, l'Australie, la Nouvelle Zélande, et la République de Fiji
  16. Australian High Commission in Ghana. "home". Australian High Commission in Ghana website. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  17. "Guinea". mfa.gov.az. Retrieved 2021-01-24.
  18. "The Republic of Guinea". mfa.gov.az. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  19. "BILATERAL RELATIONS". mofa.gov.bh. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  20. "Diplomatic Relations Between Botswana and Guinea as of 20 Apr. 2007". digitallibrary.un.org. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  21. "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Canadian Global Affairs Institute. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  22. Embassy of Canada in Senegal
  23. "Embassy of Guinea in Canada". Archived from the original on 2020-01-05. Retrieved 2017-07-28.
  24. "Guinea -- china.org.cn". Archived from the original on 2010-10-26.
  25. "Diplomatic Relations Between Colombia and Guinea as of 30 Sept. 1988". digitallibrary.un.org. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  26. "Allocution de sem Alassane Ouattara, a l'occasion du dejeuner offert en l'honneur de son excellence professeur Alpha Conde, President de la Republique de Guinee, en visite officielle en Cote d'Ivoire". presidence.ci (in French). Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  27. "Diplomatic relations between Côte d'Ivoire and Guinea as of 14 Apr. 1978". digitallibrary.un.org. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  28. "Diplomatic Relations Between Croatia and Guinea as of 8 Dec. 1997". digitallibrary.un.org. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  29. "Cuba celebra el 62 aniversario del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas con la República de Guinea". Cancillería de Cuba (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  30. "Diplomatic Relations between Fiji and Guinea as of 27 Jan. 2011". digitallibrary.un.org. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  31. Chronologie internationale supplément bi-mensuel aux Notes et études documentaires (in French). France. Direction de la Documentation. 1959. p. 28.
  32. Embassy of Franc in Guinea
  33. "Embassy of Guinea in France". Archived from the original on 2018-09-08. Retrieved 2017-07-28.
  34. "Diplomatic Relations Between Georgia and Guinea as of 31 July 1998". digitallibrary.un.org. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  35. "Guinea: Überblick (Auswärtiges Amt Bundesrepublik Deutschland)".
  36. Giant Stride Forward: Republic of Guinea, First Year of Freedom. The Embassy of Guinea to the United States. 1959. p. 18.
  37. "Embassy of the Republic of Ghana - Conakry, Guinea". Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  38. "Diplomatic Relations Between Guatemala and Guinea as of 12 Feb. 1993". digitallibrary.un.org. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  39. "Diplomatic Relations Between Iceland and Guinea as of 14 May 2004". digitallibrary.un.org. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  40. Indian Information. 1960. p. 490.
  41. "Guinea" (in Indonesian). Indonesian embassy in Dakar, Senegal. Retrieved 2017-06-27.
  42. The Israel Digest of Press and Events in Israel and the Middle East Volumes 1-3. Israel Digest. 1958. p. 4.
  43. From Jerusalem to the Lion of Judah and Beyond Israel's Foreign Policy in East Africa. iUniverse. 2012. p. 229.
  44. "Israel says renews diplomatic ties with Republic of Guinea". reuters.com. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  45. ARR: Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1968. p. 75.
  46. "几内亚大使馆". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Thailand. Retrieved 2017-06-27.
  47. Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa · Issues 4412-4487. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1973. p. 6.
  48. "Hoy conmemoramos el 61 aniversario de relaciones diplomáticas entre México y Guinea". Relaciones Exteriores (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  49. Accreditation of Guinea to Mexico
  50. Embassy of Mexico in Nigeria
  51. "Diplomatic relations between Guinea and Myanmar as of 6 June 2017". digitallibrary.un.org. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  52. "Diplomatic relations between Nepal and Guinea as of 12 May 2016". digitallibrary.un.org. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  53. "DPRK Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). ncnk.org. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  54. Le mois en Afrique Issues 200-204 (in French). 1982. p. 172.
  55. "Guinée". gov.pl (in French). Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  56. "Guinea Conakry". portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  57. Summary of the Yugoslav Press. Joint Translation Service. 1959. p. 18.
  58. "Guinea". MFA Serbia. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
  59. "Diplomatic Relations between Solomon Islands and Guinea as of 11 Aug. 2011". digitallibrary.un.org. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  60. "Overview". mofa.go.kr. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  61. "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Middle East and Africa". Archived from the original on 2015-09-04.
  62. GULED, ABDI. "Somalia cuts diplomatic ties with Guinea over Somaliland". Associated Press. Retrieved 2019-07-05.
  63. Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 130-131. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1962. p. 9. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  64. "Relations between Turkey and Guinea". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
  65. "Relations between Turkey and Guinea".
  66. "Political relations between Ukraine and the Republic of Guinea". senegal.mfa.gov.ua. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  67. "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Guinea". history.state.gov. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  68. "U.S. Relations With Guinea," October 30, 2018, United States Department of State, retrieved September 6, 2021
  69. Embassy of Guinea in the United States
  70. Embassy of the United States in Guinea
  71. "Venezuela reitera su compromiso establecido desde hace 56 años con Guinea para fortalecer la relación bilateral". Cancillería Venezuela (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  72. "Tài liệu cơ bản về nước Cộng hòa Ghi-nê (Ghi-nê Cô-na-cơ-ri) và quan hệ với Việt Nam".
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